Example for a full blown Jenkins pipeline script with CodeQL analysis steps, multiple stages, Kubernetes templates, shared volumes, input steps, injected credentials, heroku deploy, sonarqube and artifactory integration, Docker containers, multiple Git commit statuses, PR merge vs branch build detection, REST API calls to GitHub deployment API, …

Jenkinsfile

#!groovy
import groovy.json.JsonOutput
import groovy.json.JsonSlurper

def label = "mypod-${UUID.randomUUID().toString()}"
podTemplate(label: label, yaml: """
spec:
      containers:
      - name: mvn
        image: maven:3.3.9-jdk-8
        command:
        - cat
        tty: true
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /cache
          name: maven-cache
      volumes:
      - name: maven-cache
        hostPath:
          # directory location on host
          path: /tmp
          type: Directory
""",    
{
    node (label) {
      container ('mvn') {
        // env.JAVA_HOME="${tool 'Java SE DK 8u131'}"
        // env.PATH="${env.JAVA_HOME}/bin:${env.PATH}"

        server = Artifactory.server "artifactory"
        buildInfo = Artifactory.newBuildInfo()
        buildInfo.env.capture = true

        (ref, commit) = checkout()
        // pull request or feature branch
        if  (env.BRANCH_NAME != 'master' && env.BRANCH_NAME != 'main') {
            // test whether this is a regular branch build or a merged PR build
            if (!isPRMergeBuild()) {
                // branch build
                codeQl = false
                build()
                unitTest()
                preview()
            } else {
                // PR-build
                codeQl = true
                initCodeQL()
                build()
                analyzeAndUploadCodeQLResults(ref, commit)  
                unitTest()
                // sonar()
            }    
        }
        else {
            // master/main branch / production
            codeQl = true
            initCodeQL()
            build()
            analyzeAndUploadCodeQLResults(ref, commit)
            allTests()
            preProduction()
            manualPromotion()
            production()
        }
    }
 }
})

def installCodeQL() {
      sh 'cd /tmp && test -f /tmp/codeql-runner-linux || curl -O -L  https://github.com/github/codeql-action/releases/latest/download/codeql-runner-linux'
      sh 'chmod a+x /tmp/codeql-runner-linux'
}

def initCodeQL() {
      stage 'Init CodeQL'
      installCodeQL()
      withCredentials([string(credentialsId: 'GITHUB_TOKEN', variable: 'ghe_token')]) {
            sh "/tmp/codeql-runner-linux init --repository ${getRepoSlug()} --github-url https://octodemo.com --github-auth \$ghe_token --languages java,javascript --config-file .github/codeq-config.yml"
      }
}

def analyzeAndUploadCodeQLResults(ref, commit) {
      stage 'Analyze & Upload CodeQL results'
      withCredentials([string(credentialsId: 'GITHUB_TOKEN', variable: 'ghe_token')]) {
            sh "/tmp/codeql-runner-linux analyze --repository ${getRepoSlug()} --github-url https://octodemo.com --github-auth \$ghe_token  --ref ${ref} --commit  ${commit}"
      } 
}

def isPRMergeBuild() {
    return (env.BRANCH_NAME ==~ /^PR-\d+$/)
}

def getPRNumber() {
    def matcher = (env.BRANCH_NAME =~ /^PR-(?<PR>\d+)$/)
    assert matcher.matches()
    return matcher.group("PR")
}

// in order for CodeQL to publish its results for PRs, the special ref refs/pull<PR>/merge has to get retrieved while checking out
// this can be done by telling Jenkins to add the following ref spec: +refs/pull/*/merge:refs/remotes/@{remote}/refs/pull/*/merge
def checkout () {
    stage 'Checkout code'
    context="continuous-integration/jenkins/"
    context += isPRMergeBuild()?"pr-merge/checkout":"branch/checkout"
    def scmVars = checkout scm
    setBuildStatus ("${context}", 'Checking out completed', 'SUCCESS')
    if (isPRMergeBuild()) {
      prMergeRef = "refs/pull/${getPRNumber()}/merge"
      mergeCommit=sh(returnStdout: true, script: "git show-ref ${prMergeRef} | cut -f 1 -d' '")
      echo "Merge commit: ${mergeCommit}"
      return [prMergeRef, mergeCommit]
    } else {
      return ["refs/heads/${env.BRANCH_NAME}", scmVars.GIT_COMMIT]    
    }
}

def build () {
    stage 'Build'
    mvn 'clean install -DskipTests=true -Dmaven.javadoc.skip=true -Dcheckstyle.skip=true -B -V'
}

def unitTest() {
    stage 'Unit tests'
    mvn 'test -B -Dmaven.javadoc.skip=true -Dcheckstyle.skip=true'
    
    if (currentBuild.result == "UNSTABLE") {
        sh "exit 1"
    }
}

def sonar() {
    stage('SonarQube analysis') {
    prNo = (env.BRANCH_NAME=~/^PR-(\d+)$/)[0][1] 
    echo "PR-No: ${prNo}"
    // requires SonarQube Scanner 2.8+
    mvn 'org.jacoco:jacoco-maven-plugin:prepare-agent install -Dmaven.test.failure.ignore=true -Pcoverage-per-test'
    withCredentials([[$class: 'StringBinding', credentialsId: 'GITHUB_TOKEN', variable: 'GITHUB_TOKEN']]) {
        githubToken=env.GITHUB_TOKEN
        withSonarQubeEnv('SonarQube Octodemoapps') {
            mvn "-Dsonar.analysis.mode=preview -Dsonar.github.pullRequest=${prNo} -Dsonar.github.oauth=${githubToken} -Dsonar.github.repository=Hyrule/reading-time-app -Dsonar.github.endpoint=https://octodemo.com/api/v3/ org.sonarsource.scanner.maven:sonar-maven-plugin:3.2:sonar"
            mvn "org.sonarsource.scanner.maven:sonar-maven-plugin:3.2:sonar"
        }
    }
    
    context="sonarqube/qualitygate"
    setBuildStatus ("${context}", 'Checking Sonarqube quality gate', 'PENDING')
    sleep 5
    timeout(time: 1, unit: 'MINUTES') { // Just in case something goes wrong, pipeline will be killed after a timeout
        def qg = waitForQualityGate() // Reuse taskId previously collected by withSonarQubeEnv
        if (qg.status != 'OK') {
            setBuildStatus ("${context}", "Sonarqube quality gate fail: ${qg.status}", 'FAILURE')
            error "Pipeline aborted due to quality gate failure: ${qg.status}"
        } else {
            setBuildStatus ("${context}", "Sonarqube quality gate pass: ${qg.status}", 'SUCCESS')
        }    
    }
  }
}

def allTests() {
    stage 'All tests'
    // don't skip anything
    mvn 'test -B'
    step([$class: 'JUnitResultArchiver', testResults: '**/target/surefire-reports/TEST-*.xml'])
    if (currentBuild.result == "UNSTABLE") {
        // input "Unit tests are failing, proceed?"
        sh "exit 1"
    }
}

def preview() {
    herokuApp = "${env.HEROKU_PREVIEW}"
    deployToStage("preview", herokuApp)
    // mvn 'deploy -DskipTests=true'
}

def preProduction() {
    switchSnapshotBuildToRelease()
    herokuApp = "${env.HEROKU_PREPRODUCTION}"
    deployToStage("preproduction", herokuApp)
    buildAndPublishToArtifactory()
}

def manualPromotion() {
  stage 'Manual Promotion'
    // we need a first milestone step so that all jobs entering this stage are tracked an can be aborted if needed
    milestone 1
    // time out manual approval after ten minutes
    timeout(time: 10, unit: 'MINUTES') {
        input message: "Does Pre-Production look good?"
    }
    // this will kill any job which is still in the input step
    milestone 2
}

def production() {
    herokuApp = "${env.HEROKU_PRODUCTION}"
    step([$class: 'ArtifactArchiver', artifacts: '**/target/*.jar', fingerprint: true])
    deployToStage("production", herokuApp)
    def version = getCurrentHerokuReleaseVersion("${env.HEROKU_PRODUCTION}")
    def createdAt = getCurrentHerokuReleaseDate("${env.HEROKU_PRODUCTION}", version)
    echo "Release version: ${version}"
    createRelease(version, createdAt)
    
    stage ("Promote in Artifactory") {
        promoteBuildInArtifactory()
        // distributeBuildToBinTray()
    }
}

void createRelease(tagName, createdAt) {
    withCredentials([[$class: 'StringBinding', credentialsId: 'GITHUB_TOKEN', variable: 'GITHUB_TOKEN']]) {
        def body = "**Created at:** ${createdAt}\n**Deployment job:** [${env.BUILD_NUMBER}](${env.BUILD_URL})\n**Environment:** [${env.HEROKU_PRODUCTION}](https://dashboard.heroku.com/apps/${env.HEROKU_PRODUCTION})"
        def payload = JsonOutput.toJson(["tag_name": "v${tagName}", "name": "${env.HEROKU_PRODUCTION} - v${tagName}", "body": "${body}"])
        def apiUrl = "https://octodemo.com/api/v3/repos/${getRepoSlug()}/releases"
        def response = sh(returnStdout: true, script: "curl -s -H \"Authorization: Token ${env.GITHUB_TOKEN}\" -H \"Accept: application/json\" -H \"Content-type: application/json\" -X POST -d '${payload}' ${apiUrl}").trim()
    }
}

def deployToStage(stageName, herokuApp) {
    stage name: "Deploy to ${stageName}", concurrency: 1
    id = createDeployment(getBranch(), "${stageName}", "Deploying branch to ${stageName}")
    echo "Deployment ID for ${stageName}: ${id}"
    if (id != null) {
        setDeploymentStatus(id, "pending", "https://${herokuApp}.herokuapp.com/", "Pending deployment to ${stageName}");
        herokuDeploy "${herokuApp}"
        setDeploymentStatus(id, "success", "https://${herokuApp}.herokuapp.com/", "Successfully deployed to ${stageName}");
    }
}

def herokuDeploy (herokuApp) {
    withCredentials([[$class: 'StringBinding', credentialsId: 'HEROKU_API_KEY', variable: 'HEROKU_API_KEY']]) {
        mvn "heroku:deploy -DskipTests=true -Dmaven.javadoc.skip=true -B -V -D heroku.appName=${herokuApp}"
    }
}

def switchSnapshotBuildToRelease() {
    def descriptor = Artifactory.mavenDescriptor()
    descriptor.version = '1.0.0'
    descriptor.pomFile = 'pom.xml'
    descriptor.transform()
}

def buildAndPublishToArtifactory() {       
        def rtMaven = Artifactory.newMavenBuild()
        // rtMaven.tool = null
         withEnv(["MAVEN_HOME=/usr/share/maven", "JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8-openjdk/jre"]) {
           rtMaven.deployer releaseRepo:'libs-release-local', snapshotRepo:'libs-snapshot-local', server: server
           rtMaven.resolver releaseRepo:'libs-release', snapshotRepo:'libs-snapshot', server: server
           rtMaven.run pom: 'pom.xml', goals: 'install', buildInfo: buildInfo
           server.publishBuildInfo buildInfo
        }
}

def promoteBuildInArtifactory() {
        def promotionConfig = [
            // Mandatory parameters
            'buildName'          : buildInfo.name,
            'buildNumber'        : buildInfo.number,
            'targetRepo'         : 'libs-prod-local',
 
            // Optional parameters
            'comment'            : 'deploying to production',
            'sourceRepo'         : 'libs-release-local',
            'status'             : 'Released',
            'includeDependencies': false,
            'copy'               : true,
            // 'failFast' is true by default.
            // Set it to false, if you don't want the promotion to abort upon receiving the first error.
            'failFast'           : true
        ]
 
        // Promote build
        server.promote promotionConfig
}

def distributeBuildToBinTray() {
        def distributionConfig = [
            // Mandatory parameters
            'buildName'             : buildInfo.name,
            'buildNumber'           : buildInfo.number,
            'targetRepo'            : 'reading-time-dist',  
            // Optional parameters
            //'publish'               : true, // Default: true. If true, artifacts are published when deployed to Bintray.
            'overrideExistingFiles' : true, // Default: false. If true, Artifactory overwrites builds already existing in the target path in Bintray.
            //'gpgPassphrase'         : 'passphrase', // If specified, Artifactory will GPG sign the build deployed to Bintray and apply the specified passphrase.
            //'async'                 : false, // Default: false. If true, the build will be distributed asynchronously. Errors and warnings may be viewed in the Artifactory log.
            //"sourceRepos"           : ["yum-local"], // An array of local repositories from which build artifacts should be collected.
            //'dryRun'                : false, // Default: false. If true, distribution is only simulated. No files are actually moved.
        ]
        server.distribute distributionConfig
}

def mvn(args) {
    withMaven(
        // mavenSettingsConfig: '0e94d6c3-b431-434f-a201-7d7cda7180cb'
        
        //mavenLocalRepo: '/tmp/m2'
        ) {
 
      // Run the maven build
          if (codeQl) {
            sh ". codeql-runner/codeql-env.sh && mvn $args -Dmaven.test.failure.ignore -Dmaven.repo.local=/cache"
          } else {
            sh "mvn $args -Dmaven.test.failure.ignore -Dmaven.repo.local=/cache"
          }
     }
}

def shareM2(file) {
    // Set up a shared Maven repo so we don't need to download all dependencies on every build.
    writeFile file: 'settings.xml',
    text: "<settings><localRepository>${file}</localRepository></settings>"
}

def getRepoSlug() {
    tokens = "${env.JOB_NAME}".tokenize('/')
    org = tokens[tokens.size()-3]
    repo = tokens[tokens.size()-2]
    return "${org}/${repo}"
}

def getBranch() {
    tokens = "${env.JOB_NAME}".tokenize('/')
    branch = tokens[tokens.size()-1]
    return "${branch}"
}

def createDeployment(ref, environment, description) {
    withCredentials([[$class: 'StringBinding', credentialsId: 'GITHUB_TOKEN', variable: 'GITHUB_TOKEN']]) {
        def payload = JsonOutput.toJson(["ref": "${ref}", "description": "${description}", "environment": "${environment}", "required_contexts": []])
        def apiUrl = "https://octodemo.com/api/v3/repos/${getRepoSlug()}/deployments"
        def response = sh(returnStdout: true, script: "curl -s -H \"Authorization: Token ${env.GITHUB_TOKEN}\" -H \"Accept: application/json\" -H \"Content-type: application/json\" -X POST -d '${payload}' ${apiUrl}").trim()
        def jsonSlurper = new JsonSlurper()
        def data = jsonSlurper.parseText("${response}")
        return data.id
    }
}

void setDeploymentStatus(deploymentId, state, targetUrl, description) {
    withCredentials([[$class: 'StringBinding', credentialsId: 'GITHUB_TOKEN', variable: 'GITHUB_TOKEN']]) {
        def payload = JsonOutput.toJson(["state": "${state}", "target_url": "${targetUrl}", "description": "${description}"])
        def apiUrl = "https://octodemo.com/api/v3/repos/${getRepoSlug()}/deployments/${deploymentId}/statuses"
        def response = sh(returnStdout: true, script: "curl -s -H \"Authorization: Token ${env.GITHUB_TOKEN}\" -H \"Accept: application/json\" -H \"Content-type: application/json\" -X POST -d '${payload}' ${apiUrl}").trim()
    }
}

void setBuildStatus(context, message, state) {
  step([
      $class: "GitHubCommitStatusSetter",
      contextSource: [$class: "ManuallyEnteredCommitContextSource", context: context],
      errorHandlers: [[$class: "ChangingBuildStatusErrorHandler", result: "UNSTABLE"]],
      reposSource: [$class: "ManuallyEnteredRepositorySource", url: "https://octodemo.com/${getRepoSlug()}"],
      statusResultSource: [ $class: "ConditionalStatusResultSource", results: [[$class: "AnyBuildResult", message: message, state: state]] ]
  ]);
}

def getCurrentHerokuReleaseVersion(app) {
    withCredentials([[$class: 'StringBinding', credentialsId: 'HEROKU_API_KEY', variable: 'HEROKU_API_KEY']]) {
        def apiUrl = "https://api.heroku.com/apps/${app}/dynos"
        def response = sh(returnStdout: true, script: "curl -s  -H \"Authorization: Bearer ${env.HEROKU_API_KEY}\" -H \"Accept: application/vnd.heroku+json; version=3\" -X GET ${apiUrl}").trim()
        def jsonSlurper = new JsonSlurper()
        def data = jsonSlurper.parseText("${response}")
        return data[0].release.version
    }
}

def getCurrentHerokuReleaseDate(app, version) {
    withCredentials([[$class: 'StringBinding', credentialsId: 'HEROKU_API_KEY', variable: 'HEROKU_API_KEY']]) {
        def apiUrl = "https://api.heroku.com/apps/${app}/releases/${version}"
        def response = sh(returnStdout: true, script: "curl -s  -H \"Authorization: Bearer ${env.HEROKU_API_KEY}\" -H \"Accept: application/vnd.heroku+json; version=3\" -X GET ${apiUrl}").trim()
        def jsonSlurper = new JsonSlurper()
        def data = jsonSlurper.parseText("${response}")
        return data.created_at
    }
}

Good one

@jonico ❤️ 🐐 😉 or in other words, thank you for that example, you are the real G.O.A.T.

@Aalmann: and here the one with Postman CLI / newman in it: https://gist.github.com/jonico/819d379a250af28ffc86f9c93283226c
Remember: "Haben ist besser als brauchen" 😉