WP CLI + Xdebug

.bash_profile

# Add this to /config/bash_profile
function wpd {
    export XDEBUG_CONFIG="idekey=VVVDEBUG remote_connect_back=1"
    wp "$@"
    unset XDEBUG_CONFIG
};
# Run these commands:
# vagrant ssh
# sudo cp /srv/config/bash_profile /home/vagrant/.bash_profile
# source ~/.bash_profile

# Use wpd instead of wp when you want to debug wp-cli commands

That worked for me, thanks!

If anyone's looking for profiling rather than debugging, this looks like it'd work:

https://daryl.blog/2013/08/14/using-xdebug-with-wp-cli/

EXCELLENT! Thank you!