exclude_latest.php

<?php
//ここからfunctions.php
function return_latest_id($cat_id=null) {
    global $wpdb;
 
    if(empty($cat_id)) {
        // カスタムポストタイプ(foo、bar、hogeと仮定)を含む最新記事idの取得。
        $row = $wpdb->get_row("SELECT ID FROM $wpdb->posts WHERE ( post_type = 'post' OR post_type = 'foo' OR post_type = 'bar' OR post_type = 'hoge' ) AND post_status = 'publish' ORDER BY post_date DESC");
    } else {
        // カテゴリを指定した最新記事idの取得
        $cat_id = intval($cat_id);
        $row = $wpdb->get_row("SELECT p.ID FROM $wpdb->posts p LEFT JOIN $wpdb->term_relationships r ON p.ID=r.object_id WHERE (p.post_type = 'post' OR p.post_type = 'foo' OR p.post_type = 'bar' OR p.post_type = 'hoge') AND p.post_status = 'publish' AND r.term_taxonomy_id = '$cat_id' ORDER BY p.post_date DESC");
    }
    return !empty( $row ) ? $row->ID : '0';
}

//ここまでfunctions.php
?>

//ここから任意のファイル(index.php等)
<?php
//一番最新の記事をIDで取得
$latest_id = return_latest_id();
//カスタム投稿タイプも含める場合。'exclude' => $latest_idで最初の記事だけ含めない様にする
$args = array( 'post_type' => array('post','foo','bar','hoge'), 'numberposts' => 5 , 'exclude' => $latest_id);
$hoge_posts = get_posts( $args );
foreach( $hoge_posts as $post ) : ?>

     <div class="fugafuga">
           <span><?php the_title(); ?></span>
     </div>
                
<?php endforeach; ?>
//ここまで任意のファイル(index.php等)