method extracted from v8 source code. MSVC/Windows only.

VerifyOnStack.cpp

#include <windows.h>

#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <utility>

#include <intrin.h>
#include <stdint.h>

// current thread only
uintptr_t current_stack_start()
{
	thread_local static uintptr_t address =
		reinterpret_cast<
#ifdef _WIN64
			NT_TIB64 *
#else
			NT_TIB *
#endif
		>(NtCurrentTeb())->StackBase; // see also StackLimit

	return address;
}

uintptr_t current_stack_position()
{
	return reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(_AddressOfReturnAddress());
}

std::string format_uintptr(uintptr_t value)
{
	std::ostringstream o;
	o << "0x";
	o.setf(std::ios::hex, std::ios::basefield);
	o.setf(std::ios::uppercase);
	o.fill('0');
	o.width(sizeof(uintptr_t) * 2);
	o << value;
	return std::move(o).str();
}

std::string current_stack_range()
{
	uintptr_t position = current_stack_position();
	uintptr_t start = current_stack_start();

	return (
		std::ostringstream()
		<< format_uintptr(position) << " <= x <= " << format_uintptr(start)
		<< " "
		<< "[" << (start - position) << " bytes]"
	).str();
}

bool check_on_stack(const void *ptr)
{
	uintptr_t address = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(ptr);
	return current_stack_position() <= address && address <= current_stack_start();
}

int main()
{
	int foo = 0;
	int *bar = new int;
	std::cout << current_stack_range() << "\n";
	std::cout << check_on_stack(&foo) << "\n";
	std::cout << check_on_stack(bar) << "\n";
	return 0;
}

// https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/main:v8/src/api/api.cc;l=768;drc=e5f8ff312fe542f39c7d34b4440f18d1500b15f9;bpv=0;bpt=1
// https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/main:v8/src/base/platform/platform-win32.cc;l=1811;drc=e5f8ff312fe542f39c7d34b4440f18d1500b15f9
// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/15944119/addressofreturnaddress-equivalent-in-clang-llvm