note for vimtutor

vim.md

Note for vimtutor

Just type vimtutor to learn the basic usage of Vim.

1. Basic

1.1 Moving the cursor

     ^
     k
< h     l >
     j
     v

1.2 Exiting vim 😱

• Normally: :q
• Write and exit: :x or :wq
• Without saving changes: :q!
• Write with sudo: :w !sudo tee %

1.3 Deletion

• Single character: x

1.4 Insertion

• Activate insertion mode: i
• Insert from the beginning of the line: I

1.5 Appending

• Append to this word: a
• Append to this line: A

2. Combined Operation

2.1 Delete

d motion where 'motion' is what the operator will operate on

• Delete from cursor to the start of the next word, EXCLUDING its first character: dw
• Delete from cursor to the end of the current word, INCLUDING the last character: de
• Delete from cursor th the end of line: 'd$'

2.2 Using a count for a motion

number motion

• Moving to the start of the line: 0
• Moving the cursor 5 words forward: 5w
• Moving the cursor to the end of the 3rd word forward: 3e

2.3 Using a count to delete more

operator number motion

• Delete 2 words: d2w

2.4 Delete a whole line

• Delete current line: dd
• Delete 2 lines from current line: 2dd

2.5 Undo and redo

• Undo the last commands: u
• Undo a whole line: U
• Redo the commands: CTRL-r

3. Put and replace

3.1 Put

• Put line below current line: p
• Put line above current line: P

3.2 Replace

• Replace current character to 'x': rx
• Replace multiple characters: R

3.3 Change

• Remove the rest of word and activate insert mode: ce or cw
• Remove the rest of line and activate insert mode: c$

4. Search and substitute

4.1 Cursor location and file status

• Show your location in the file and the file status: CTRL-g
• Move to the bottom of the file: G
• Move to the start of the file: gg
• Move to line 233: 233G

4.2 Search

• Search in forward direction: /
• Search in backward direction: ?
• Find next in the same direction: n
• Find next in the opposite direction: N
• To go back to where you came from: CTRL-o
• To go forward: CTRL-i

4.3 Matching parentheses search

• Find a match of ')', ']', or '}': %

4.4 The substitute command

• To change the 1st occurrence of the word in the line: :s/<old>/<new>
• To change all the occurrence of the word in the line: :s/<old>/<new>/g
• To change all the occurrence of the word between line #1 and #2: :#1,#2s/<old>/<new>/g
• To change every occurence of the word in the whole file: :%s/<old>/<new>/g
• To change every occurence of the word in the whole file with a prompt: :%s/<old>/<new>/gc

5. External

5.1 How to execute an external command

• Execute an external command: :!<cmd>

5.2 Write to another file

• Write the whole file to another file: :w <file>
• Use v to select the text you want to copy, then type : you will see :'<,'>, write to file: :'<,'>w <file>

5.3 Insert to current file

• Insert file to current file: :r <file>
• Insert from command line output: :r !<cmd>

6. New line and copy

6.1 Open

• Open a line below the cursor: o
• Open a line above the cursor: O

6.2 Copy

• Copy one word: yw
• Copy from cursor to the end of the line: y$
• Copy the whole line: yy

6.3 Set option

• Ingore case: :set ic
• Disable ignoring case: :set noic
• 'hlsearch'(highlight) and 'incsearch'(show partial matches): :set hls is

7. Others

7.1 Getting help

• Press <HELP> or <F1> or type: :help
• Get help for command: :help <cmd>

7.2 Completion

• Press <TAB> or <CTRL-d>

7.3 Multiple windows

• Jump to another window: <CTRL-w>