python descriptor, decorator, wraps, partial

descriptor.md

Descriptor

Define: a descriptor is an object attribute with "binding behavior", one whose attribute access has been overridden by methods in the descriptor protocal.

a.x -> a.__dict__['x'] -> type(a).__dict__['x']

Descriptor Protocol

• descr.__get__(self, obj, type=None) -> value
• descr.__set__(self, obj, value) -> None
• descr.__delete__(self, obj) -> None

If only implements __get__ then it's said to be a non-data descriptor. If implements __set__ and __del__ then it's said to be a data descriptor.

Lookup Chain

1. __get__ of the data descriptor
2. object's __dict__
3. __get__ of the non-data descriptor
4. object type's __dict__
5. object parent type's __dict__
6. repeat for all the parent type's __dict__
7. AttributionError

Use case

• lazy properties
• Don't repeat yourself(D.R.Y.) code __set_name__

Decorator

Wrap 3 layers

1. arguments for decorator @decorator(*args, **kwargs)
2. wrapped function wrapped_func(func)
3. arguments for wrapped function @wrap(func)(somefunc(*args, **kwargs))

def decorator_func(*args, **kwargs):
    def wrapper(func):
        @functools.wraps(func)
        def somefunc(*func_args, **func_kwargs):
            resp = func(*func_args, **func_kwargs)
            return resp
            
        return somefunc
    return wrapper