layout	title
post	Complete guide to Denon DRA-F109 control protocol

Hardware specs

Denon DRA-F109/DNP-F109/DCD-F109 remote connector is in fact TTL-level (5V) serial port. The connector is 3.5mm TRS jack (standard stereo plug). Tip is RX, ring is TX, sleeve is ground. Data is transmitted at 115.2 kbps baud rate. It may be easily connected to non-Denon hardware by using cheap 5V tolerant USB-to-Serial adapter. The receiver (DRA-F109) echoes back data recieved from other devices.

Data protocol

Note: 00 in this chapter means 0x00 (in hex)

We may say that byte stream is organized in packets. Each packet starts with serial port break condition. On POSIX compilant systems it is represented as 00 (null) byte when reading from the device. Break should have 16.25 ms (important when transmitting to the receiver) Packet has the following structure: BRK ff 55 length direction 00 <data> checksum, where:

length is length of data minus 2,
direction is 0 when receiving from DRA or 1 when sending command to it,
checksum is one byte sum of all bytes, however it is sometimes missing when the value is supposed to be 19

The receiver implements two protocol: text-based and binary.

Text-based protocol

This protocol is only used when receiving data from the DRA, it does not react to sending such commands (we may be doing that wrong). This is a subset of Denon AVR serial protocol present in Home Theater receivers in form of standard RS232 port and it has official documentation.

The <data> of packet has the following structure: 80 00 <command> 0d, and possible commands (in regular expression notation) are:

MV(\d\d): Volume set to $1.
MUON: Mute on.
MUOFF: Mute off.
SLP(\d\d\d): Sleep timer set to $1 minutes.
SLPOFF: Sleep timer disabled.
PSBAS(\d\d): Equalizer bass set to $1.
PSTRE(\d\d): Equalizer treble set to $1.
PSBAL(\d\d): Balance set to $1.
PSSDB (ON|OFF): SDB tone turned on or off.
PSSDI (ON|OFF): Source direct turned on or off.
SICD: Source set to CD.
SITUNER: Source set to Tuner. That one doesn't have checksum!
SINETWORK: Source set to Network Player.
SIAUX1: Source set to Analog In 1.
SIAUX2: Source set to Analog In 2.
SIDIGITAL_IN: Source set to Digital In.
TMANFM: Tuner band set to FM.
TMDA: Tuner band set to DAB+.
TMANMANUAL: Tuner set to manual (mono) mode.
TMANAUTO: Tuner set to automatic stereo mode.
TPAN(\d\d): Tuned to preset $1.
TPANOFF: Tuned out of preset (manual tuning or tuner off).
TFAN(\d{6}): Tuner tuned to FM $1/100.0 MHz.
TFDA(\d\d?[A-Z]}): Tuner tuned to DAB+ $1 frequency block (e.g. 12D). Unfortuanetly, there is no information on tuned station (except if preset was tuned, then we get TPAN(\d\d)).
SSTPN(\d\d)(.{9})(\d{8}): Preset $1 is station named $2 at $3/100.0 MHz. Frequency is always 999999.99 MHz for DAB+ stations.
PWSTANDBY: Amp is going to stand by.
PWON: Amp turned on.
TS(ONCE|EVERY) 2(\d\d)(\d\d)-2(\d\d)(\d\d) (..)(\d\d): Alarm of type $1 set to turn on the device at $2:$3 and turn it off at $4:$5 at function $6 with preset $7, where function is:
- NW: Internet Radio,
- NU: iPad/USB (Network),
- CD: CD,
- CU: iPad/USB (CD),
- TU: Tuner,
- A1: Analog In 1,
- A2: Analog In 2,
- DI: Digital.
TO(ON|OFF) (ON|OFF): Alarm once is $1 and every is $2.

Binary protocol

Bi-directional communication is possible with simple binary protocol. Some of it's features overlap with text-based protocol.

Source and function selection

When function selection button in pressed on the remote:

Network Player
- 61 00 00: Online Music
- 62 00 00: Internet Radio
- 63 00 00: Music Server
- 64 00 00: iPod/USB
CD Player
- 5f 00 00: CD
- 60 00 00: iPod/USB

When receiver wants to turn on specific device:

01 03 00: Network Player
01 04 00: CD Player
01 05 00: Analog In 1
01 06 00: Analog In 2
01 07 00: Digital In

When source is changed (also by mechanical button on the receiver)

33 00 9b: Network Player
33 14 00: CD Player
33 15 00: Analog In 1
33 16 00: Analog In 2
33 17 00: Digital In
33 08 00: Tuner (both FM and DAB)

Control of input devices

The receiver forwards key-presses on the remote control if source other than tuner is selected: this data frames will have the following structure button destination 00.

Depending on selected source on the receiver the destination field is:

23 for Analog 1,
24 for Analog 2,
25 for CD player,
26 for network player,
27 for Digital.

Buttons have the following identifiers:

32: Play/Pause
33: Stop
34: Play (sent by Amp by Alarm function)
44: Next
45: Previous
46: Forward
47: Rewind
48: Up
49: Down
4a: Left
4b: Right
4c: Enter
4d: Search
4e: Mode
4f: 1
50: 2
51: 3
52: 4
53: 5
54: 6
55: 7
56: 8
57: 9
58: 0
59: +10
5a: Clear
5c: Random
5d: Repeat

Example: Packet of BRK ff 55 01 00 00 32 26 00 ad (checksum omited) means Play/pause Network Player.

Dimmer

The dimmer function sends 43 00 [brightness] where brightness may be 0, 1, 2 or 3 which means bright, dim, dark, display off respectively.

Other

The receiver also sends the following commands:

42 00 00 when the receiver is turned on,
02 01 00 when the receiver goes to stand-by,
84 00 00 when the System Settings are opened.

What is missing?

The receiver does not send anything if Add, Call, Search and Network Setup buttons are pressed on the remote. These buttons are exclusive for Network Player. You'll need additional IR receiver to handle them i.e. with LIRC (see config file).

Controlling the DRA-F109 receiver

It is possible to control the receiver using binary protocol (remember to set direction to 1), for most commands length is 1. Till now we've identified the following commands:

Set source and power on if in standby
- Network Player: 24 00 00
- CD: 23 00 00
- Analog 1: 25 00 00
- Analog 2: 26 00 00
- Digital: 27 00 00
- Tuner (FM): 20 00 00
- Tuner (DAB): 22 00 00
Set source, send play command and power on if in standby:
- Network Player: 14 00 00
- CD: 13 00 00
- Analog 1: 15 00 00
- Analog 2: 16 00 00
- Digital: 17 00 00
- Tuner (FM): 10 00 00
- Tuner (DAB): 12 00 00
Power On the Receiver: 01 02 00 (compare with received 01 03 00, etc.)
Power Off the Receiver: 02 01 00 (possibly should work also with NP and CD, second byte could be device id as in 01 03 00, etc.)
Power Off the Receiver: 85 00 00 (possibly turns off all devices)
Set volume: 40 00 00-3c (higher values also interpreted as max)
Mute on/off: 41 00 01/00
Sound settings:
- SDB on/off: 42 00 00 00/01
- Bass increase/decrease: 42 00 01 00/01
- Treble increase/decrease: 42 00 02 00/01
- Balance to left/right: 42 00 03 00/01
- S. Direct: 42 00 04 00/01
Dimmer: 43 00 00-03 (Note: no feedback for this command)
Tuner preset forward/backward: 68 30 00/01
Set sleep timer: 6b 00 time, time in minutes (amp will display only last two digits, but should count up to 255 minutes), 0 to disable
Set auto standby On/Off: 83 00 01/00
Set alarm: type 00 00 hh mm 00 hh mm <src>, where type is 88 for "once" or 89 for "every", and the <src> is
- Tuner: 00 preset
- Analog 1: 01 00
- Analog 2: 02 00
- Digital: 03 00
- Network: 04 00
- Network (USB): 05 00
- CD: 06 00
- CD (USB): 07 00
Alarm "every" On/Off: 8a 00 00/01 (Note: not sure about that one, needs more investigation how turn once alarm)
Emulate remote keypress: 48-5d 00 00 – key numbers as in recieved ones, can be used to select i.e. radio station, navigate menu, etc.

Note that for the most of commands, DRA will provide feedback (usually with text-based protocol).

Example: Set volume to 10: BRK FF 55 01 01 00 40 00 0a a0.

Warning: Sending too short packet will hang the receiver (need to restart by disconnecting power).

Example implementation

Example implementation of the protocol in Ruby is available on GitHub:kfigiela/denon-raspberry where I keep code of my setup.

kfigiela/complete.md

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