q2

def pprint(obj, level=1, nospace=False, noback=False):
    out = ""
    if isinstance(obj, list):
        if not nospace:
            out += ((level - 1) * " ") + "["
        else:
            out += "["
        first = True
        for element in obj:
            if length(element) == 1:
                noback = True
            if first:
                if length(obj) != 1:
                    out += pprint(element, level + 1, True, noback) + ",\n"
                else:
                    out += pprint(element, level + 1, True, noback)
                first = False
            else:
                if length(obj) == 1:
                    out += pprint(element, level + 1, False, noback)
                else:
                    out = out + pprint(element, level + 1, False, False) + ",\n"
        if length(obj) == 0 or length(obj) == 1:
            out += "]"
        else:
            if length(obj) == 1:
                if not noback:
                    out = out + ((level - 1) * " ") + "]"
                else:
                    out += "]"
            else:
                out += ((level - 1) * " ") + "]"
    elif isinstance(obj, str):
        if not nospace:
            out = ((level - 1) * " ") + "'" + obj + "'"
        else:
            out = "'" + obj + "'"
    elif isinstance(obj, int):
        if not nospace:
            out = ((level - 1) * " ") + str(obj)
        else:
            out = str(obj)
    return out


def length(obj):
    if isinstance(obj, list):
        return len(obj)
    return 1


#print(pprint(['one', 'two', 'three', [1, 2, 3], 'four', [], 'five', [['six']]]))
## print("\n" * 5)
##print('[[[[],\n   [],\n  ],\n  [[],\n   [],\n  ],\n ],\n [[[],\n   [],\n  ],\n  [[],\n   [],\n  ],\n ],\n]')
#print("\n" * 5)
#print(pprint([0,[[1,2]],3]))
#print(pprint([[[[], []], [[], []]], [[[], []], [[],
#    []]]]) == '[[[[],\n   [],\n  ],\n  [[],\n   [],\n  ],\n ],\n [[[],\n   [],\n  ],\n  [[],\n   [],\n  ],\n ],\n]')

q3

import re

RE_TOKENS = re.compile(r'[()\\/]|[a-zA-Z]+')


def tokenize(cat):
    return RE_TOKENS.findall(cat)


def ccgparse(ccg):
    try:
        brackets = 1
        maxbrackets = 1
        first = True
        right = False
        i = 0
        #print(ccg)
        for tokens in ccg:
            if brackets == 2 and i + 1 != len(ccg):
                if ccg[i] == "\\" or ccg[i] == "/":
                    # print(ccg[1:i], ccg[i+1:-1])
                    if ccgparse(ccg[1:i]) and ccgparse(ccg[i + 1:-1]):
                        right = True
            if str(tokens) == "(":
                brackets += 1
                maxbrackets += 1
                first = False
            elif str(tokens) == ")":
                brackets -= 1
                first = False
            i += 1
        if len(ccg) == 1 and (ccg[0] == "NP" or ccg[0] == "PP" or ccg[0] == "N" or ccg[0] == "S"):
            return True
        if len(ccg) != 1 and maxbrackets < 2:
            return False
        return right
    except:
        return False


def parse(tokens):
    result = ccgparse(tokens)
    return result


def is_valid(cat):
    tokens = tokenize(cat)
    return parse(tokens) and len(tokens) != 0


cat = input('Enter category: ')
while cat:
    if is_valid(cat):
        print(cat, 'is valid')
    else:
        print(cat, 'is invalid')
    cat = input('Enter category: ')

q4

import json
puzzle = []
for row in range(9):
    puzzle.append([])
    for number in str(input('Enter line: ')):
        puzzle[-1].append(int(number))

i = 1
for line in puzzle:
    seen = []
    errored = []
    for number in line:
        if number not in seen:
            seen.append(number)
        else:
            if number not in errored:
                errored.append(number)
                print("duplicate "+str(number)+" in row "+str(i))
    i += 1

i = 1
for line in range(9):
    seen = []
    errored = []
    for number in puzzle:
        if number[line] not in seen:
            seen.append(number[line])
        else:
            if number[line] not in errored:
                errored.append(number[line])
                print("duplicate "+str(number[line])+" in column "+str(i))
    i += 1

for row in range(3):
    for column in range(3):
        seen = []
        errored = []
        for row_s in range(3):
            for column_s in range(3):
                if puzzle[column*3+column_s][row*3+row_s] not in seen:
                    seen.append(puzzle[column*3+column_s][row*3+row_s])
                else:
                    if puzzle[column*3+column_s][row*3+row_s] not in errored:
                        errored.append(puzzle[column*3+column_s][row*3+row_s])
                        print("duplicate " + str(puzzle[column*3+column_s][row*3+row_s]) + " in grid " +str(row+column*3+1))


#print("\n"+json.dumps(puzzle))

#543678912
#672195348
#198342567
#859761423
#426853791
#713924856
#961537284
#287419631
#345286179

#928614735
#451397628
#673852149
#235786491
#714935862
#896421357
#162548973
#387269514
#949173286

#543678912
#674195348
#898342567
#659761423
#426853791
#713924856
#661537284
#287419631
#345286111
#in row 8
#in column 2
#in column 3
#in column 9
#in grid 9