PowerShell includes tools to Encrypt and Decrypt strings. Because we're not supplying a Key, they're encrypted using Windows Data Protection API (DPAPI) meaning the string can only be decrypted on the computer used to encrypt them. These one line commands can be used to output to file, then recover the password securely

PasswordStorage.vbs

'Powershell OneLiner to encrypt a password to file:
' ConvertTo-SecureString -String "ThisIsMySecurePassword" -AsPlainText -Force | ConvertFrom-SecureString > .\Password.txt

'Powershell OneLiner to decrypt that password
' (New-Object PSCredential "user",(ConvertTo-SecureString (Get-Content .\Password.txt))).GetNetworkCredential().Password

'You could then embed this into VBScript so the password is not stored in the script
'powershell.exe -NonInteractive -NoLogo -Command "(New-Object PSCredential 'user',(ConvertTo-SecureString (Get-Content .\Desktop\Password.txt))).GetNetworkCredential().Password"

Set oShell = WScript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
Set oExec = oShell.Exec("powershell.exe -NonInteractive -NoLogo -Command ""(New-Object PSCredential 'user',(ConvertTo-SecureString (Get-Content .\Desktop\Password.txt))).GetNetworkCredential().Password""")
WScript.Echo oExec.StdOut.ReadLine