bib and bcf for extracting cited refs

talker-variability.bcf

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<bcf:controlfile version="3.4" bltxversion="3.8" xmlns:bcf="https://sourceforge.net/projects/biblatex">
  <!-- BIBER OPTIONS -->
  <bcf:options component="biber" type="global">
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>output_encoding</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>utf8</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>input_encoding</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>utf8</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>debug</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>0</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>mincrossrefs</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>999</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>minxrefs</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>2</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>sortcase</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>1</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>sortupper</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>1</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
  </bcf:options>
  <!-- BIBLATEX OPTIONS -->
  <!-- GLOBAL -->
  <bcf:options component="biblatex" type="global">
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>alphaothers</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>+</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>labelalpha</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>0</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="multivalued">
      <bcf:key>labelnamespec</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value order="1">shortauthor</bcf:value>
      <bcf:value order="2">author</bcf:value>
      <bcf:value order="3">shorteditor</bcf:value>
      <bcf:value order="4">editor</bcf:value>
      <bcf:value order="5">translator</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>labeltitle</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>0</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="multivalued">
      <bcf:key>labeltitlespec</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value order="1">shorttitle</bcf:value>
      <bcf:value order="2">title</bcf:value>
      <bcf:value order="3">maintitle</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>labeltitleyear</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>0</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>labeldateparts</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>1</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="multivalued">
      <bcf:key>labeldatespec</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value order="1" type="field">pubstate</bcf:value>
      <bcf:value order="2" type="field">date</bcf:value>
      <bcf:value order="3" type="field">year</bcf:value>
      <bcf:value order="4" type="string">nodate</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>julian</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>0</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>gregorianstart</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>1582-10-15</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>maxalphanames</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>3</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>maxbibnames</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>7</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>maxcitenames</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>2</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>maxitems</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>3</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>minalphanames</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>1</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>minbibnames</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>6</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>mincitenames</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>1</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>minitems</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>1</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>singletitle</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>0</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>sortalphaothers</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>+</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>sortlocale</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>american</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>sortingtemplatename</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>nyt</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>sortsets</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>0</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>uniquelist</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>2</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>uniquename</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>2</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>uniqueprimaryauthor</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>1</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>uniquetitle</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>0</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>uniquebaretitle</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>0</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>uniquework</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>0</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>useprefix</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>1</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>useafterword</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>1</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>useannotator</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>1</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>useauthor</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>1</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>usebookauthor</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>1</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>usecommentator</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>1</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>useeditor</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>1</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>useeditora</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>1</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>useeditorb</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>1</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>useeditorc</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>1</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>useforeword</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>1</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>useholder</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>1</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>useintroduction</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>1</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>usenamea</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>1</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>usenameb</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>1</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>usenamec</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>1</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>usetranslator</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>1</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>useshortauthor</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>1</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>useshorteditor</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>1</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>usewith</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>1</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>usewriter</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>1</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>useproducer</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>1</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>useexecproducer</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>1</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
    <bcf:option type="singlevalued">
      <bcf:key>usedirector</bcf:key>
      <bcf:value>1</bcf:value>
    </bcf:option>
  </bcf:options>
  <!-- BIBLATEX OPTION SCOPE -->
  <bcf:optionscope type="GLOBAL">
    <bcf:option datatype="xml">datamodel</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="xml">labelalphanametemplate</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="xml">labelalphatemplate</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="xml">inheritance</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="xml">translit</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="xml">uniquenametemplate</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="xml">sortingnamekeytemplate</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="xml">sortingtemplate</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="xml">extradatespec</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="xml">labelnamespec</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="xml">labeltitlespec</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="xml">labeldatespec</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">controlversion</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">alphaothers</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">sortalphaothers</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">presort</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">texencoding</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">bibencoding</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">sortingtemplatename</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">sortlocale</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">language</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">autolang</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">backrefsetstyle</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">block</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">labeldate</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">labeltime</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">dateera</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">date</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">time</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">eventdate</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">eventtime</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">origdate</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">origtime</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">urldate</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">urltime</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">alldatesusetime</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">alldates</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">alltimes</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">gregorianstart</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">autocite</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">notetype</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">refsection</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">refsegment</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">citereset</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">sortlos</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">babel</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">datelabel</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">backrefstyle</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">arxiv</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">familyinits</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">giveninits</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">prefixinits</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">suffixinits</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useafterword</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useannotator</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useauthor</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">usebookauthor</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">usecommentator</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useeditor</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useeditora</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useeditorb</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useeditorc</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useforeword</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useholder</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useintroduction</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">usenamea</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">usenameb</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">usenamec</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">usetranslator</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useshortauthor</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useshorteditor</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">usewith</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">usewriter</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useproducer</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useexecproducer</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">usedirector</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">debug</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">loadfiles</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">safeinputenc</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">sortcase</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">sortupper</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">terseinits</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">abbreviate</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">dateabbrev</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">clearlang</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">indexing</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">sortcites</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">sortsets</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">hyperref</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">backref</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">pagetracker</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">citecounter</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">citetracker</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">ibidtracker</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">idemtracker</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">opcittracker</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">loccittracker</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">parentracker</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">labeldateusetime</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">datecirca</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">dateuncertain</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">dateusetime</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">eventdateusetime</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">origdateusetime</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">urldateusetime</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">julian</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">datezeros</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">timezeros</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">timezones</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">seconds</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">autopunct</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">punctfont</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">labelnumber</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">labelalpha</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">labeltitle</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">labeltitleyear</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">labeldateparts</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">uniquelist</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">uniquename</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">singletitle</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">uniquetitle</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">uniquebaretitle</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">uniquework</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">uniqueprimaryauthor</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">defernumbers</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">bibwarn</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useprefix</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">defernums</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">firstinits</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">sortfirstinits</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">sortgiveninits</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">labelyear</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">isbn</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">url</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">doi</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">eprint</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">related</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">apamaxprtauth</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">apabackref</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">dashed</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="integer">mincrossrefs</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="integer">minxrefs</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="integer">maxnames</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="integer">minnames</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="integer">maxbibnames</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="integer">minbibnames</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="integer">maxcitenames</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="integer">mincitenames</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="integer">maxitems</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="integer">minitems</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="integer">maxalphanames</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="integer">minalphanames</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="integer">maxparens</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="integer">dateeraauto</bcf:option>
  </bcf:optionscope>
  <bcf:optionscope type="ENTRYTYPE">
    <bcf:option datatype="string">alphaothers</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">sortalphaothers</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">presort</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useafterword</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useannotator</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useauthor</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">usebookauthor</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">usecommentator</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useeditor</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useeditora</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useeditorb</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useeditorc</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useforeword</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useholder</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useintroduction</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">usenamea</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">usenameb</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">usenamec</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">usetranslator</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useshortauthor</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useshorteditor</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">usewith</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">usewriter</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useproducer</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useexecproducer</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">usedirector</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">indexing</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">labelnumber</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">labelalpha</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">labeltitle</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">labeltitleyear</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">labeldateparts</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">uniquelist</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">uniquename</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">singletitle</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">uniquetitle</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">uniquebaretitle</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">uniquework</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useprefix</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">skipbib</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">skipbiblist</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">skiplab</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">dataonly</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">skiplos</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">labelyear</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="xml">labelalphatemplate</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="xml">translit</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="xml">sortexclusion</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="xml">sortinclusion</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="xml">labelnamespec</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="xml">labeltitlespec</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="xml">labeldatespec</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="integer">maxnames</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="integer">minnames</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="integer">maxbibnames</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="integer">minbibnames</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="integer">maxcitenames</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="integer">mincitenames</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="integer">maxitems</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="integer">minitems</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="integer">maxalphanames</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="integer">minalphanames</bcf:option>
  </bcf:optionscope>
  <bcf:optionscope type="ENTRY">
    <bcf:option datatype="string">noinherit</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">nametemplates</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">labelalphanametemplatename</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">uniquenametemplatename</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">sortingnamekeytemplatename</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">presort</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useafterword</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useannotator</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useauthor</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">usebookauthor</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">usecommentator</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useeditor</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useeditora</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useeditorb</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useeditorc</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useforeword</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useholder</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useintroduction</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">usenamea</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">usenameb</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">usenamec</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">usetranslator</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useshortauthor</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useshorteditor</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">usewith</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">usewriter</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useproducer</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useexecproducer</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">usedirector</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">indexing</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">uniquelist</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">uniquename</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useprefix</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">skipbib</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">skipbiblist</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">skiplab</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">dataonly</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">skiplos</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="integer">maxnames</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="integer">minnames</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="integer">maxbibnames</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="integer">minbibnames</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="integer">maxcitenames</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="integer">mincitenames</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="integer">maxitems</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="integer">minitems</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="integer">maxalphanames</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="integer">minalphanames</bcf:option>
  </bcf:optionscope>
  <bcf:optionscope type="NAMELIST">
    <bcf:option datatype="string">nametemplates</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">sortingnamekeytemplatename</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">uniquenametemplatename</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">labelalphanametemplatename</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useprefix</bcf:option>
  </bcf:optionscope>
  <bcf:optionscope type="NAME">
    <bcf:option datatype="string">nametemplates</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">sortingnamekeytemplatename</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">uniquenametemplatename</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="string">labelalphanametemplatename</bcf:option>
    <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useprefix</bcf:option>
  </bcf:optionscope>
  <!-- DATAFIELDSETS -->
  <bcf:datafieldset name="setnames">
    <bcf:member datatype="name" fieldtype="list"/>
  </bcf:datafieldset>
  <bcf:datafieldset name="settitles">
    <bcf:member field="title"/>
    <bcf:member field="booktitle"/>
    <bcf:member field="eventtitle"/>
    <bcf:member field="issuetitle"/>
    <bcf:member field="journaltitle"/>
    <bcf:member field="maintitle"/>
    <bcf:member field="origtitle"/>
  </bcf:datafieldset>
  <!-- SOURCEMAP -->
  <bcf:sourcemap>
    <bcf:maps datatype="bibtex" level="style">
      <bcf:map>
        <bcf:map_step map_field_source="year" map_final="1"/>
        <bcf:map_step map_field_set="pubstate" map_null="1"/>
      </bcf:map>
      <bcf:map>
        <bcf:map_step map_field_source="date" map_final="1"/>
        <bcf:map_step map_field_set="pubstate" map_null="1"/>
      </bcf:map>
    </bcf:maps>
    <bcf:maps datatype="bibtex" level="driver">
      <bcf:map>
        <bcf:map_step map_field_set="day" map_null="1"/>
      </bcf:map>
      <bcf:map>
        <bcf:map_step map_type_source="conference" map_type_target="inproceedings"/>
        <bcf:map_step map_type_source="electronic" map_type_target="online"/>
        <bcf:map_step map_type_source="www" map_type_target="online"/>
      </bcf:map>
      <bcf:map>
        <bcf:map_step map_type_source="mastersthesis" map_type_target="thesis" map_final="1"/>
        <bcf:map_step map_field_set="type" map_field_value="mathesis"/>
      </bcf:map>
      <bcf:map>
        <bcf:map_step map_type_source="phdthesis" map_type_target="thesis" map_final="1"/>
        <bcf:map_step map_field_set="type" map_field_value="phdthesis"/>
      </bcf:map>
      <bcf:map>
        <bcf:map_step map_type_source="techreport" map_type_target="report" map_final="1"/>
        <bcf:map_step map_field_set="type" map_field_value="techreport"/>
      </bcf:map>
      <bcf:map>
        <bcf:map_step map_field_source="hyphenation" map_field_target="langid"/>
        <bcf:map_step map_field_source="address" map_field_target="location"/>
        <bcf:map_step map_field_source="school" map_field_target="institution"/>
        <bcf:map_step map_field_source="annote" map_field_target="annotation"/>
        <bcf:map_step map_field_source="archiveprefix" map_field_target="eprinttype"/>
        <bcf:map_step map_field_source="journal" map_field_target="journaltitle"/>
        <bcf:map_step map_field_source="primaryclass" map_field_target="eprintclass"/>
        <bcf:map_step map_field_source="key" map_field_target="sortkey"/>
        <bcf:map_step map_field_source="pdf" map_field_target="file"/>
      </bcf:map>
    </bcf:maps>
  </bcf:sourcemap>
  <!-- LABELALPHA NAME TEMPLATE -->
  <bcf:labelalphanametemplate name="global">
    <bcf:namepart order="1" use="1" pre="1" substring_width="1" substring_compound="1">prefix</bcf:namepart>
    <bcf:namepart order="2">family</bcf:namepart>
  </bcf:labelalphanametemplate>
  <!-- LABELALPHA TEMPLATE -->
  <bcf:labelalphatemplate type="global">
    <bcf:labelelement order="1">
      <bcf:labelpart final="1">shorthand</bcf:labelpart>
      <bcf:labelpart>label</bcf:labelpart>
      <bcf:labelpart substring_width="3" substring_side="left" ifnames="1">labelname</bcf:labelpart>
      <bcf:labelpart substring_width="1" substring_side="left">labelname</bcf:labelpart>
    </bcf:labelelement>
    <bcf:labelelement order="2">
      <bcf:labelpart substring_width="2" substring_side="right">year</bcf:labelpart>
    </bcf:labelelement>
  </bcf:labelalphatemplate>
  <!-- EXTRADATE -->
  <bcf:extradatespec>
    <bcf:scope>
      <bcf:field order="1">labelyear</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field order="2">year</bcf:field>
    </bcf:scope>
  </bcf:extradatespec>
  <!-- INHERITANCE -->
  <bcf:inheritance>
    <bcf:defaults inherit_all="true" override_target="false">
    </bcf:defaults>
    <bcf:inherit>
      <bcf:type_pair source="mvbook" target="inbook"/>
      <bcf:type_pair source="mvbook" target="bookinbook"/>
      <bcf:type_pair source="mvbook" target="suppbook"/>
      <bcf:type_pair source="book" target="inbook"/>
      <bcf:type_pair source="book" target="bookinbook"/>
      <bcf:type_pair source="book" target="suppbook"/>
      <bcf:field source="author" target="author"/>
      <bcf:field source="author" target="bookauthor"/>
    </bcf:inherit>
    <bcf:inherit>
      <bcf:type_pair source="mvbook" target="book"/>
      <bcf:type_pair source="mvbook" target="inbook"/>
      <bcf:type_pair source="mvbook" target="bookinbook"/>
      <bcf:type_pair source="mvbook" target="suppbook"/>
      <bcf:field source="title" target="maintitle"/>
      <bcf:field source="subtitle" target="mainsubtitle"/>
      <bcf:field source="titleaddon" target="maintitleaddon"/>
      <bcf:field source="shorttitle" skip="true"/>
      <bcf:field source="sorttitle" skip="true"/>
      <bcf:field source="indextitle" skip="true"/>
      <bcf:field source="indexsorttitle" skip="true"/>
    </bcf:inherit>
    <bcf:inherit>
      <bcf:type_pair source="mvcollection" target="collection"/>
      <bcf:type_pair source="mvcollection" target="reference"/>
      <bcf:type_pair source="mvcollection" target="incollection"/>
      <bcf:type_pair source="mvcollection" target="inreference"/>
      <bcf:type_pair source="mvcollection" target="suppcollection"/>
      <bcf:type_pair source="mvreference" target="collection"/>
      <bcf:type_pair source="mvreference" target="reference"/>
      <bcf:type_pair source="mvreference" target="incollection"/>
      <bcf:type_pair source="mvreference" target="inreference"/>
      <bcf:type_pair source="mvreference" target="suppcollection"/>
      <bcf:field source="title" target="maintitle"/>
      <bcf:field source="subtitle" target="mainsubtitle"/>
      <bcf:field source="titleaddon" target="maintitleaddon"/>
      <bcf:field source="shorttitle" skip="true"/>
      <bcf:field source="sorttitle" skip="true"/>
      <bcf:field source="indextitle" skip="true"/>
      <bcf:field source="indexsorttitle" skip="true"/>
    </bcf:inherit>
    <bcf:inherit>
      <bcf:type_pair source="mvproceedings" target="proceedings"/>
      <bcf:type_pair source="mvproceedings" target="inproceedings"/>
      <bcf:field source="title" target="maintitle"/>
      <bcf:field source="subtitle" target="mainsubtitle"/>
      <bcf:field source="titleaddon" target="maintitleaddon"/>
      <bcf:field source="shorttitle" skip="true"/>
      <bcf:field source="sorttitle" skip="true"/>
      <bcf:field source="indextitle" skip="true"/>
      <bcf:field source="indexsorttitle" skip="true"/>
    </bcf:inherit>
    <bcf:inherit>
      <bcf:type_pair source="book" target="inbook"/>
      <bcf:type_pair source="book" target="bookinbook"/>
      <bcf:type_pair source="book" target="suppbook"/>
      <bcf:field source="title" target="booktitle"/>
      <bcf:field source="subtitle" target="booksubtitle"/>
      <bcf:field source="titleaddon" target="booktitleaddon"/>
      <bcf:field source="shorttitle" skip="true"/>
      <bcf:field source="sorttitle" skip="true"/>
      <bcf:field source="indextitle" skip="true"/>
      <bcf:field source="indexsorttitle" skip="true"/>
    </bcf:inherit>
    <bcf:inherit>
      <bcf:type_pair source="collection" target="incollection"/>
      <bcf:type_pair source="collection" target="inreference"/>
      <bcf:type_pair source="collection" target="suppcollection"/>
      <bcf:type_pair source="reference" target="incollection"/>
      <bcf:type_pair source="reference" target="inreference"/>
      <bcf:type_pair source="reference" target="suppcollection"/>
      <bcf:field source="title" target="booktitle"/>
      <bcf:field source="subtitle" target="booksubtitle"/>
      <bcf:field source="titleaddon" target="booktitleaddon"/>
      <bcf:field source="shorttitle" skip="true"/>
      <bcf:field source="sorttitle" skip="true"/>
      <bcf:field source="indextitle" skip="true"/>
      <bcf:field source="indexsorttitle" skip="true"/>
    </bcf:inherit>
    <bcf:inherit>
      <bcf:type_pair source="proceedings" target="inproceedings"/>
      <bcf:field source="title" target="booktitle"/>
      <bcf:field source="subtitle" target="booksubtitle"/>
      <bcf:field source="titleaddon" target="booktitleaddon"/>
      <bcf:field source="shorttitle" skip="true"/>
      <bcf:field source="sorttitle" skip="true"/>
      <bcf:field source="indextitle" skip="true"/>
      <bcf:field source="indexsorttitle" skip="true"/>
    </bcf:inherit>
    <bcf:inherit>
      <bcf:type_pair source="periodical" target="article"/>
      <bcf:type_pair source="periodical" target="suppperiodical"/>
      <bcf:field source="title" target="journaltitle"/>
      <bcf:field source="subtitle" target="journalsubtitle"/>
      <bcf:field source="shorttitle" skip="true"/>
      <bcf:field source="sorttitle" skip="true"/>
      <bcf:field source="indextitle" skip="true"/>
      <bcf:field source="indexsorttitle" skip="true"/>
    </bcf:inherit>
    <bcf:inherit>
      <bcf:type_pair source="*" target="*"/>
      <bcf:field source="ids" skip="true"/>
      <bcf:field source="crossref" skip="true"/>
      <bcf:field source="xref" skip="true"/>
      <bcf:field source="entryset" skip="true"/>
      <bcf:field source="entrysubtype" skip="true"/>
      <bcf:field source="execute" skip="true"/>
      <bcf:field source="label" skip="true"/>
      <bcf:field source="options" skip="true"/>
      <bcf:field source="presort" skip="true"/>
      <bcf:field source="related" skip="true"/>
      <bcf:field source="relatedoptions" skip="true"/>
      <bcf:field source="relatedstring" skip="true"/>
      <bcf:field source="relatedtype" skip="true"/>
      <bcf:field source="shorthand" skip="true"/>
      <bcf:field source="shorthandintro" skip="true"/>
      <bcf:field source="sortkey" skip="true"/>
    </bcf:inherit>
  </bcf:inheritance>
  <!-- UNIQUENAME TEMPLATES -->
  <bcf:uniquenametemplate name="global">
    <bcf:namepart order="1" use="1" base="1">prefix</bcf:namepart>
    <bcf:namepart order="2" base="1">family</bcf:namepart>
    <bcf:namepart order="3">given</bcf:namepart>
  </bcf:uniquenametemplate>
  <!-- SORTING NAME KEY TEMPLATES -->
  <bcf:sortingnamekeytemplate name="global">
    <bcf:keypart order="1">
      <bcf:part type="namepart" order="1" use="1">prefix</bcf:part>
    </bcf:keypart>
    <bcf:keypart order="2">
      <bcf:part type="namepart" order="1">family</bcf:part>
    </bcf:keypart>
    <bcf:keypart order="3">
      <bcf:part type="namepart" order="1">given</bcf:part>
    </bcf:keypart>
    <bcf:keypart order="4">
      <bcf:part type="namepart" order="1">suffix</bcf:part>
    </bcf:keypart>
    <bcf:keypart order="5">
      <bcf:part type="namepart" order="1" use="0">prefix</bcf:part>
    </bcf:keypart>
  </bcf:sortingnamekeytemplate>
  <bcf:presort>mm</bcf:presort>
  <!-- DATA MODEL -->
  <bcf:datamodel>
    <bcf:constants>
      <bcf:constant type="list" name="gender">sf,sm,sn,pf,pm,pn,pp</bcf:constant>
      <bcf:constant type="list" name="nameparts">family,given,prefix,suffix</bcf:constant>
      <bcf:constant type="list" name="optiondatatypes">boolean,integer,string,xml</bcf:constant>
    </bcf:constants>
    <bcf:entrytypes>
      <bcf:entrytype>article</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>artwork</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>audio</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>bibnote</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>book</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>bookinbook</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>booklet</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>collection</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>commentary</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>customa</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>customb</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>customc</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>customd</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>custome</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>customf</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>inbook</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>incollection</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>inproceedings</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>inreference</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>image</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>jurisdiction</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>legal</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>legislation</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>letter</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>manual</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>misc</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>movie</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>music</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>mvcollection</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>mvreference</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>mvproceedings</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>mvbook</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>online</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>patent</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>performance</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>periodical</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>proceedings</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>reference</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>report</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>review</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>set</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>software</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>standard</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>suppbook</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>suppcollection</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>suppperiodical</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>thesis</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>unpublished</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>video</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype skip_output="true">xdata</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>letters</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>data</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>newsarticle</bcf:entrytype>
    </bcf:entrytypes>
    <bcf:fields>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="integer">number</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="integer">volume</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="integer">volumes</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">abstract</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">addendum</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">annotation</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">booksubtitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">booktitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">booktitleaddon</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">chapter</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">edition</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">eid</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">entrysubtype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">eprintclass</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">eprinttype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">eventtitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">eventtitleaddon</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">gender</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">howpublished</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">indexsorttitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">indextitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">isan</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">isbn</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">ismn</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">isrn</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">issn</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">issue</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">issuesubtitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">issuetitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">iswc</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">journalsubtitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">journaltitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">label</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">langid</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">langidopts</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">library</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">mainsubtitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">maintitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">maintitleaddon</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">nameaddon</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">note</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">origtitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">pagetotal</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">part</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">relatedstring</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">relatedtype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">reprinttitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">series</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">shorthandintro</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">subtitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">title</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">titleaddon</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">usera</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">userb</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">userc</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">userd</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">usere</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">userf</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">venue</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">version</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal" label="true">shorthand</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal" label="true">shortjournal</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal" label="true">shortseries</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal" label="true">shorttitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal" skip_output="true">sortyear</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal" skip_output="true">sorttitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal" skip_output="true">sortshorthand</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal" skip_output="true">sortkey</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal" skip_output="true">presort</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="list" datatype="literal">institution</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="list" datatype="literal">lista</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="list" datatype="literal">listb</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="list" datatype="literal">listc</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="list" datatype="literal">listd</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="list" datatype="literal">liste</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="list" datatype="literal">listf</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="list" datatype="literal">location</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="list" datatype="literal">organization</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="list" datatype="literal">origlocation</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="list" datatype="literal">origpublisher</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="list" datatype="literal">publisher</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="list" datatype="name">afterword</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="list" datatype="name">annotator</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="list" datatype="name">author</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="list" datatype="name">bookauthor</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="list" datatype="name">commentator</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="list" datatype="name">editor</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="list" datatype="name">editora</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="list" datatype="name">editorb</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="list" datatype="name">editorc</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="list" datatype="name">foreword</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="list" datatype="name">holder</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="list" datatype="name">introduction</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="list" datatype="name">namea</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="list" datatype="name">nameb</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="list" datatype="name">namec</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="list" datatype="name">translator</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="list" datatype="name" label="true">shortauthor</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="list" datatype="name" label="true">shorteditor</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="list" datatype="name" skip_output="true">sortname</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="key">authortype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="key">editoratype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="key">editorbtype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="key">editorctype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="key">editortype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="key">bookpagination</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="key">nameatype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="key">namebtype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="key">namectype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="key">pagination</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="key">pubstate</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="key">type</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="list" datatype="key">language</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="list" datatype="key">origlanguage</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="entrykey">crossref</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="entrykey">xref</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="date" skip_output="true">date</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart" nullok="true">endyear</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart" nullok="true">year</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">month</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">day</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">hour</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">minute</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">second</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">timezone</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">season</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">endmonth</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">endday</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">endhour</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">endminute</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">endsecond</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">endtimezone</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">endseason</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="date" skip_output="true">eventdate</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart" nullok="true">eventendyear</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart" nullok="true">eventyear</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">eventmonth</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">eventday</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">eventhour</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">eventminute</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">eventsecond</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">eventtimezone</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">eventseason</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">eventendmonth</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">eventendday</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">eventendhour</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">eventendminute</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">eventendsecond</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">eventendtimezone</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">eventendseason</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="date" skip_output="true">origdate</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart" nullok="true">origendyear</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart" nullok="true">origyear</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">origmonth</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">origday</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">orighour</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">origminute</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">origsecond</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">origtimezone</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">origseason</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">origendmonth</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">origendday</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">origendhour</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">origendminute</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">origendsecond</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">origendtimezone</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">origendseason</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="date" skip_output="true">urldate</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart" nullok="true">urlendyear</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart" nullok="true">urlyear</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">urlmonth</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">urlday</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">urlhour</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">urlminute</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">urlsecond</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">urltimezone</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">urlseason</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">urlendmonth</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">urlendday</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">urlendhour</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">urlendminute</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">urlendsecond</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">urlendtimezone</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">urlendseason</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="verbatim">doi</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="verbatim">eprint</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="verbatim">file</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="verbatim">verba</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="verbatim">verbb</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="verbatim">verbc</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="uri">url</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" format="xsv" datatype="entrykey" skip_output="true">xdata</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" format="xsv" datatype="entrykey" skip_output="true">ids</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" format="xsv" datatype="entrykey" skip_output="true">entryset</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" format="xsv" datatype="entrykey">related</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" format="xsv" datatype="keyword">keywords</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" format="xsv" datatype="option" skip_output="true">options</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" format="xsv" datatype="option" skip_output="true">relatedoptions</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="range">pages</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="code">execute</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="list" datatype="name">with</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="list" datatype="name">writer</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="list" datatype="name">producer</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="list" datatype="name">execproducer</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="list" datatype="name">director</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">abstractloc</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">titleisdescription</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">newspaper</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">urldescription</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="verbatim">abstracturl</bcf:field>
    </bcf:fields>
    <bcf:entryfields>
      <bcf:field>abstract</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>annotation</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>authortype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>bookpagination</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>crossref</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>day</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>endday</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>endhour</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>endminute</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>endmonth</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>endseason</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>endsecond</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>endtimezone</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>endyear</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>entryset</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>entrysubtype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>execute</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>file</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>gender</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>hour</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>ids</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>indextitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>indexsorttitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>isan</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>ismn</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>iswc</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>keywords</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>label</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>langid</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>langidopts</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>library</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>lista</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>listb</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>listc</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>listd</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>liste</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>listf</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>minute</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>month</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>nameaddon</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>options</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>origday</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>origendday</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>origendhour</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>origendminute</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>origendmonth</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>origendseason</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>origendsecond</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>origendtimezone</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>origendyear</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>orighour</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>origminute</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>origmonth</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>origseason</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>origsecond</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>origtimezone</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>origyear</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>origlocation</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>origpublisher</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>origtitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>pagination</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>presort</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>related</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>relatedoptions</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>relatedstring</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>relatedtype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>season</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>second</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>shortauthor</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>shorteditor</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>shorthand</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>shorthandintro</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>shortjournal</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>shortseries</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>shorttitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>sortkey</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>sortname</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>sortshorthand</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>sorttitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>sortyear</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>timezone</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>url</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>urlday</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>urlendday</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>urlendhour</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>urlendminute</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>urlendmonth</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>urlendsecond</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>urlendtimezone</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>urlendyear</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>urlhour</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>urlminute</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>urlmonth</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>urlsecond</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>urltimezone</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>urlyear</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>usera</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>userb</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>userc</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>userd</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>usere</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>userf</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>verba</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>verbb</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>verbc</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>xdata</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>xref</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>year</bcf:field>
    </bcf:entryfields>
    <bcf:entryfields>
      <bcf:entrytype>set</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:field>entryset</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>crossref</bcf:field>
    </bcf:entryfields>
    <bcf:entryfields>
      <bcf:entrytype>article</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:field>addendum</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>annotator</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>author</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>commentator</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>doi</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editor</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editora</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editorb</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editorc</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editortype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editoratype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editorbtype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editorctype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eid</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprint</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprintclass</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprinttype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>issn</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>issue</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>issuetitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>issuesubtitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>journalsubtitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>journaltitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>language</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>note</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>number</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>origlanguage</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>pages</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>pubstate</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>series</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>subtitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>title</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>titleaddon</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>translator</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>version</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>volume</bcf:field>
    </bcf:entryfields>
    <bcf:entryfields>
      <bcf:entrytype>bibnote</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:field>note</bcf:field>
    </bcf:entryfields>
    <bcf:entryfields>
      <bcf:entrytype>book</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:field>author</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>addendum</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>afterword</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>annotator</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>chapter</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>commentator</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>doi</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>edition</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editor</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editora</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editorb</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editorc</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editortype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editoratype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editorbtype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editorctype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprint</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprintclass</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprinttype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>foreword</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>introduction</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>isbn</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>language</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>location</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>maintitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>maintitleaddon</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>mainsubtitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>note</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>number</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>origlanguage</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>pages</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>pagetotal</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>part</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>publisher</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>pubstate</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>series</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>subtitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>title</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>titleaddon</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>translator</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>volume</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>volumes</bcf:field>
    </bcf:entryfields>
    <bcf:entryfields>
      <bcf:entrytype>mvbook</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:field>addendum</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>afterword</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>annotator</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>author</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>commentator</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>doi</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>edition</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editor</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editora</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editorb</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editorc</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editortype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editoratype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editorbtype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editorctype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprint</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprintclass</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprinttype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>foreword</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>introduction</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>isbn</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>language</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>location</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>note</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>number</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>origlanguage</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>pagetotal</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>publisher</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>pubstate</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>series</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>subtitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>title</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>titleaddon</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>translator</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>volume</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>volumes</bcf:field>
    </bcf:entryfields>
    <bcf:entryfields>
      <bcf:entrytype>inbook</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>bookinbook</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>suppbook</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:field>addendum</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>afterword</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>annotator</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>author</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>booktitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>bookauthor</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>booksubtitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>booktitleaddon</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>chapter</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>commentator</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>doi</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>edition</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editor</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editora</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editorb</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editorc</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editortype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editoratype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editorbtype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editorctype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprint</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprintclass</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprinttype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>foreword</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>introduction</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>isbn</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>language</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>location</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>mainsubtitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>maintitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>maintitleaddon</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>note</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>number</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>origlanguage</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>part</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>publisher</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>pages</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>pubstate</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>series</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>subtitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>title</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>titleaddon</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>translator</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>volume</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>volumes</bcf:field>
    </bcf:entryfields>
    <bcf:entryfields>
      <bcf:entrytype>booklet</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:field>addendum</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>author</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>chapter</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>doi</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editor</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editortype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprint</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprintclass</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprinttype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>howpublished</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>language</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>location</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>note</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>pages</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>pagetotal</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>pubstate</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>subtitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>title</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>titleaddon</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>type</bcf:field>
    </bcf:entryfields>
    <bcf:entryfields>
      <bcf:entrytype>collection</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>reference</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:field>addendum</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>afterword</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>annotator</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>chapter</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>commentator</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>doi</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>edition</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editor</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editora</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editorb</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editorc</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editortype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editoratype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editorbtype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editorctype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprint</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprintclass</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprinttype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>foreword</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>introduction</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>isbn</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>language</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>location</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>mainsubtitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>maintitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>maintitleaddon</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>note</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>number</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>origlanguage</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>pages</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>pagetotal</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>part</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>publisher</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>pubstate</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>series</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>subtitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>title</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>titleaddon</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>translator</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>volume</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>volumes</bcf:field>
    </bcf:entryfields>
    <bcf:entryfields>
      <bcf:entrytype>mvcollection</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>mvreference</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:field>addendum</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>afterword</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>annotator</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>author</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>commentator</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>doi</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>edition</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editor</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editora</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editorb</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editorc</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editortype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editoratype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editorbtype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editorctype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprint</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprintclass</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprinttype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>foreword</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>introduction</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>isbn</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>language</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>location</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>note</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>number</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>origlanguage</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>publisher</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>pubstate</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>subtitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>title</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>titleaddon</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>translator</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>volume</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>volumes</bcf:field>
    </bcf:entryfields>
    <bcf:entryfields>
      <bcf:entrytype>incollection</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>suppcollection</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>inreference</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:field>addendum</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>afterword</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>annotator</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>author</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>booksubtitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>booktitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>booktitleaddon</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>chapter</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>commentator</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>doi</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>edition</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editor</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editora</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editorb</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editorc</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editortype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editoratype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editorbtype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editorctype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprint</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprintclass</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprinttype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>foreword</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>introduction</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>isbn</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>language</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>location</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>mainsubtitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>maintitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>maintitleaddon</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>note</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>number</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>origlanguage</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>pages</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>part</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>publisher</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>pubstate</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>series</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>subtitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>title</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>titleaddon</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>translator</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>volume</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>volumes</bcf:field>
    </bcf:entryfields>
    <bcf:entryfields>
      <bcf:entrytype>manual</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:field>addendum</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>author</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>chapter</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>doi</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>edition</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editor</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editortype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprint</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprintclass</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprinttype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>isbn</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>language</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>location</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>note</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>number</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>organization</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>pages</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>pagetotal</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>publisher</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>pubstate</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>series</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>subtitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>title</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>titleaddon</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>type</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>version</bcf:field>
    </bcf:entryfields>
    <bcf:entryfields>
      <bcf:entrytype>misc</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:field>addendum</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>author</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>doi</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editor</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editortype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprint</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprintclass</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprinttype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>howpublished</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>language</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>location</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>note</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>organization</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>pubstate</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>subtitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>title</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>titleaddon</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>type</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>version</bcf:field>
    </bcf:entryfields>
    <bcf:entryfields>
      <bcf:entrytype>online</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:field>addendum</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>author</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editor</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editortype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>language</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>note</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>organization</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>pubstate</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>subtitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>title</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>titleaddon</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>version</bcf:field>
    </bcf:entryfields>
    <bcf:entryfields>
      <bcf:entrytype>patent</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:field>addendum</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>author</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>doi</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprint</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprintclass</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprinttype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>holder</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>location</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>note</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>number</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>pubstate</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>subtitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>title</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>titleaddon</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>type</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>version</bcf:field>
    </bcf:entryfields>
    <bcf:entryfields>
      <bcf:entrytype>periodical</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:field>addendum</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>doi</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editor</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editora</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editorb</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editorc</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editortype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editoratype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editorbtype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editorctype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprint</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprintclass</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprinttype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>issn</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>issue</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>issuesubtitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>issuetitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>language</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>note</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>number</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>pubstate</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>season</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>series</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>subtitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>title</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>volume</bcf:field>
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    <bcf:entryfields>
      <bcf:entrytype>mvproceedings</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:field>addendum</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>doi</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editor</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editortype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprint</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprintclass</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprinttype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eventday</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eventendday</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eventendmonth</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eventendyear</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eventmonth</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eventyear</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eventtitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eventtitleaddon</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>isbn</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>language</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>location</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>note</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>number</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>organization</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>pagetotal</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>publisher</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>pubstate</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>series</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>subtitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>title</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>titleaddon</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>venue</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>volumes</bcf:field>
    </bcf:entryfields>
    <bcf:entryfields>
      <bcf:entrytype>proceedings</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:field>addendum</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>chapter</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>doi</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editor</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editortype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprint</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprintclass</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprinttype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eventday</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eventendday</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eventendmonth</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eventendyear</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eventmonth</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eventyear</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eventtitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eventtitleaddon</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>isbn</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>language</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>location</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>mainsubtitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>maintitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>maintitleaddon</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>note</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>number</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>organization</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>pages</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>pagetotal</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>part</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>publisher</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>pubstate</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>series</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>subtitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>title</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>titleaddon</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>venue</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>volume</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>volumes</bcf:field>
    </bcf:entryfields>
    <bcf:entryfields>
      <bcf:entrytype>inproceedings</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:field>addendum</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>author</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>booksubtitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>booktitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>booktitleaddon</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>chapter</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>doi</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editor</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editortype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprint</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprintclass</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprinttype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eventday</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eventendday</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eventendmonth</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eventendyear</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eventmonth</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eventyear</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eventtitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eventtitleaddon</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>isbn</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>language</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>location</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>mainsubtitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>maintitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>maintitleaddon</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>note</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>number</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>organization</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>pages</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>part</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>publisher</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>pubstate</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>series</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>subtitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>title</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>titleaddon</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>venue</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>volume</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>volumes</bcf:field>
    </bcf:entryfields>
    <bcf:entryfields>
      <bcf:entrytype>report</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:field>addendum</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>author</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>chapter</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>doi</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprint</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprintclass</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprinttype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>institution</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>isrn</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>language</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>location</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>note</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>number</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>pages</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>pagetotal</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>pubstate</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>subtitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>title</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>titleaddon</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>type</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>version</bcf:field>
    </bcf:entryfields>
    <bcf:entryfields>
      <bcf:entrytype>thesis</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:field>addendum</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>author</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>chapter</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>doi</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprint</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprintclass</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprinttype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>institution</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>language</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>location</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>note</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>pages</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>pagetotal</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>pubstate</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>subtitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>title</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>titleaddon</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>type</bcf:field>
    </bcf:entryfields>
    <bcf:entryfields>
      <bcf:entrytype>unpublished</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:field>addendum</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>author</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>howpublished</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>language</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>location</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>note</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>pubstate</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>subtitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>title</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>titleaddon</bcf:field>
    </bcf:entryfields>
    <bcf:entryfields>
      <bcf:field>titleisdescription</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>with</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>abstractloc</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>abstracturl</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>urldescription</bcf:field>
    </bcf:entryfields>
    <bcf:entryfields>
      <bcf:entrytype>video</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:field>writer</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>producer</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>execproducer</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>director</bcf:field>
    </bcf:entryfields>
    <bcf:entryfields>
      <bcf:entrytype>newsarticle</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:field>author</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>newspaper</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>title</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>day</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>endday</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>endmonth</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>endyear</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>month</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>year</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>addendum</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>doi</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editor</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editora</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editorb</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editorc</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editoratype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editorbtype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>editorctype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eid</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprint</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprintclass</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>eprinttype</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>issn</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>issue</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>issuetitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>issuesubtitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>language</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>note</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>number</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>origlanguage</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>pages</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>series</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>subtitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>titleaddon</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>translator</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>url</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>urlday</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>urlendday</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>urlendmonth</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>urlendyear</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>urlmonth</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>urlyear</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>volume</bcf:field>
    </bcf:entryfields>
    <bcf:entryfields>
      <bcf:entrytype>data</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:field>title</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>day</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>endday</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>endmonth</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>endyear</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>day</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>endday</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>endmonth</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>endyear</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>month</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>year</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>addendum</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>author</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>language</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>location</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>note</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>organization</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>pubstate</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>subtitle</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>titleaddon</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>type</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>url</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>urlday</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>urlendday</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>urlendmonth</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>urlendyear</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>urlmonth</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>urlyear</bcf:field>
      <bcf:field>version</bcf:field>
    </bcf:entryfields>
    <bcf:constraints>
      <bcf:entrytype>article</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>book</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>inbook</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>bookinbook</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>suppbook</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>booklet</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>collection</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>incollection</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>suppcollection</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>manual</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>misc</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>mvbook</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>mvcollection</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>online</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>patent</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>periodical</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>suppperiodical</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>proceedings</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>inproceedings</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>reference</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>inreference</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>report</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>set</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>thesis</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>unpublished</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:constraint type="mandatory">
        <bcf:fieldxor>
          <bcf:field>date</bcf:field>
          <bcf:field>year</bcf:field>
        </bcf:fieldxor>
      </bcf:constraint>
    </bcf:constraints>
    <bcf:constraints>
      <bcf:entrytype>set</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:constraint type="mandatory">
        <bcf:field>entryset</bcf:field>
        <bcf:field>crossref</bcf:field>
      </bcf:constraint>
    </bcf:constraints>
    <bcf:constraints>
      <bcf:entrytype>article</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:constraint type="mandatory">
        <bcf:field>author</bcf:field>
        <bcf:field>journaltitle</bcf:field>
        <bcf:field>title</bcf:field>
      </bcf:constraint>
    </bcf:constraints>
    <bcf:constraints>
      <bcf:entrytype>book</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>mvbook</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>mvcollection</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>mvreference</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:constraint type="mandatory">
        <bcf:field>author</bcf:field>
        <bcf:field>title</bcf:field>
      </bcf:constraint>
    </bcf:constraints>
    <bcf:constraints>
      <bcf:entrytype>inbook</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>bookinbook</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>suppbook</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:constraint type="mandatory">
        <bcf:field>author</bcf:field>
        <bcf:field>title</bcf:field>
        <bcf:field>booktitle</bcf:field>
      </bcf:constraint>
    </bcf:constraints>
    <bcf:constraints>
      <bcf:entrytype>booklet</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:constraint type="mandatory">
        <bcf:fieldor>
          <bcf:field>author</bcf:field>
          <bcf:field>editor</bcf:field>
        </bcf:fieldor>
        <bcf:field>title</bcf:field>
      </bcf:constraint>
    </bcf:constraints>
    <bcf:constraints>
      <bcf:entrytype>collection</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>reference</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:constraint type="mandatory">
        <bcf:field>editor</bcf:field>
        <bcf:field>title</bcf:field>
      </bcf:constraint>
    </bcf:constraints>
    <bcf:constraints>
      <bcf:entrytype>incollection</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>suppcollection</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>inreference</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:constraint type="mandatory">
        <bcf:field>author</bcf:field>
        <bcf:field>editor</bcf:field>
        <bcf:field>title</bcf:field>
        <bcf:field>booktitle</bcf:field>
      </bcf:constraint>
    </bcf:constraints>
    <bcf:constraints>
      <bcf:entrytype>manual</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:constraint type="mandatory">
        <bcf:field>title</bcf:field>
      </bcf:constraint>
    </bcf:constraints>
    <bcf:constraints>
      <bcf:entrytype>misc</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:constraint type="mandatory">
        <bcf:field>title</bcf:field>
      </bcf:constraint>
    </bcf:constraints>
    <bcf:constraints>
      <bcf:entrytype>online</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:constraint type="mandatory">
        <bcf:field>title</bcf:field>
        <bcf:field>url</bcf:field>
      </bcf:constraint>
    </bcf:constraints>
    <bcf:constraints>
      <bcf:entrytype>patent</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:constraint type="mandatory">
        <bcf:field>author</bcf:field>
        <bcf:field>title</bcf:field>
        <bcf:field>number</bcf:field>
      </bcf:constraint>
    </bcf:constraints>
    <bcf:constraints>
      <bcf:entrytype>periodical</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:constraint type="mandatory">
        <bcf:field>editor</bcf:field>
        <bcf:field>title</bcf:field>
      </bcf:constraint>
    </bcf:constraints>
    <bcf:constraints>
      <bcf:entrytype>proceedings</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:entrytype>mvproceedings</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:constraint type="mandatory">
        <bcf:field>editor</bcf:field>
        <bcf:field>title</bcf:field>
      </bcf:constraint>
    </bcf:constraints>
    <bcf:constraints>
      <bcf:entrytype>inproceedings</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:constraint type="mandatory">
        <bcf:field>author</bcf:field>
        <bcf:field>title</bcf:field>
        <bcf:field>booktitle</bcf:field>
      </bcf:constraint>
    </bcf:constraints>
    <bcf:constraints>
      <bcf:entrytype>report</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:constraint type="mandatory">
        <bcf:field>author</bcf:field>
        <bcf:field>title</bcf:field>
        <bcf:field>type</bcf:field>
        <bcf:field>institution</bcf:field>
      </bcf:constraint>
    </bcf:constraints>
    <bcf:constraints>
      <bcf:entrytype>thesis</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:constraint type="mandatory">
        <bcf:field>author</bcf:field>
        <bcf:field>title</bcf:field>
        <bcf:field>type</bcf:field>
        <bcf:field>institution</bcf:field>
      </bcf:constraint>
    </bcf:constraints>
    <bcf:constraints>
      <bcf:entrytype>unpublished</bcf:entrytype>
      <bcf:constraint type="mandatory">
        <bcf:field>author</bcf:field>
        <bcf:field>title</bcf:field>
      </bcf:constraint>
    </bcf:constraints>
    <bcf:constraints>
      <bcf:constraint type="data" datatype="isbn">
        <bcf:field>isbn</bcf:field>
      </bcf:constraint>
      <bcf:constraint type="data" datatype="issn">
        <bcf:field>issn</bcf:field>
      </bcf:constraint>
      <bcf:constraint type="data" datatype="ismn">
        <bcf:field>ismn</bcf:field>
      </bcf:constraint>
      <bcf:constraint type="data" datatype="date">
        <bcf:field>date</bcf:field>
        <bcf:field>eventdate</bcf:field>
        <bcf:field>origdate</bcf:field>
        <bcf:field>urldate</bcf:field>
      </bcf:constraint>
      <bcf:constraint type="data" datatype="pattern" pattern="(?:sf|sm|sn|pf|pm|pn|pp)">
        <bcf:field>gender</bcf:field>
      </bcf:constraint>
    </bcf:constraints>
  </bcf:datamodel>
  <!-- CITATION DATA -->
  <!-- SECTION 0 -->
  <bcf:bibdata section="0">
    <bcf:datasource type="file" datatype="bibtex">talker-variability.bib</bcf:datasource>
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  <bcf:section number="0">
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    <bcf:citekey order="15">Hay2006</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="16">Niedzielski1999</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="17">Strand1996</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="18">Kleinschmidt2015</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="19">Hay2010</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="20">Niedzielski1999</bcf:citekey>
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    <bcf:citekey order="25">Nygaard1994</bcf:citekey>
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    <bcf:citekey order="60">Heald2015</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="61">Heald2015</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="62">Loyd1890</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="63">Johnson2006</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="64">Heald2015</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="65">Lobanov1971</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="66">Pitt2007</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="67">Nelson2017</bcf:citekey>
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    <bcf:citekey order="70">Clopper2005</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="71">McMurray2011a</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="72">Mackay2003</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="73">Heald2015</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="74">Clopper2005</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="75">Allen2003</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="76">Lisker1964</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="77">Peterson1952</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="78">Hillenbrand1995</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="79">Clopper2005</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="80">Johnson2006</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="81">Clopper2005</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="82">Labov2006</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="83">Escudero2007</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="84">Flynn2011</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="85">Johnson2005</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="86">Clopper2005</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="87">Labov2006</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="88">Clopper2005</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="89">Labov2006</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="90">Clopper2005</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="91">Clopper2005</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="92">Kleinschmidt2015</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="93">Kleinschmidt2015</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="94">Massaro1990</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="95">Hay2010</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="96">Mitchel2016</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="97">Niedzielski1999</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="98">Nygaard1994</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="99">Strand1999</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="100">Johnson1999</bcf:citekey>
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    <bcf:citekey order="128">Kleinschmidt2015a</bcf:citekey>
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    <bcf:citekey order="130">Kleinschmidt2016</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="131">Kraljic2006</bcf:citekey>
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    <bcf:citekey order="136">Jongman2000</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="137">McMurray2011a</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="138">VanderZande2014</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="139">Kleinschmidt2015</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="140">Munson2011</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="141">Reinisch2014</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="142">Kording2007</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="143">Kleinschmidt2015</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="144">Sumner2014</bcf:citekey>
    <bcf:citekey order="145">KleinschmidtInPress2017</bcf:citekey>
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talker-variability.bib

@ARTICLE{Newman2001,
  ABSTRACT = {The effect of talker and token variability on speech perception has engendered a great deal of research. However, most of this research has compared listener performance in multiple-talker ?or variable? situations to performance in single-talker conditions. It remains unclear to what extent listeners are affected by the degree of variability within a talker, rather than simply the existence of variability ?being in a multitalker environment?. The present study has two goals: First, the degree of variability among speakers in their /s/ and /S/ productions was measured. Even among a relatively small pool of talkers, there was a range of speech variability: some talkers had /s/ and /S/ categories that were quite distinct from one another in terms of frication centroid and skewness, while other speakers had categories that actually overlapped one another. The second goal was to examine whether this degree of variability within a talker influenced perception. Listeners were presented with natural /s/ and /S/ tokens for identification, under ideal listening conditions, and slower response times were found for speakers whose productions were more variable than for speakers with more internal consistency in their speech. This suggests that the degree of variability, not just the existence of it, may be the more critical factor in perception},
  AUTHOR = {Newman, Rochelle S and Clouse, Sheryl A and Burnham, Jessica L},
  DATE = {2001},
  DOI = {10.1121/1.1348009},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Newman, Clouse, Burnham - 2001 - The perceptual consequences of within-talker variability in fricative production.pdf:pdf},
  ISSN = {00014966},
  JOURNALTITLE = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {1181--1196},
  TITLE = {{The perceptual consequences of within-talker variability in fricative production}},
  VOLUME = {109},
}

@ARTICLE{Liberman1967,
  AUTHOR = {Liberman, Alvin M and Cooper, Franklin S and Shankweiler, D P and Studdert-Kennedy, M},
  DATE = {1967},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Liberman et al. - 1967 - Perception of the speech code.pdf:pdf},
  ISSN = {0033-295X},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Psychological Review},
  KEYWORDS = {Acoustics,Auditory Perception,Communication,Cues,Ear,Ear: physiology,Electromyography,Functional Laterality,Humans,Models,Perception,Psycholinguistics,Psychological,Reading,Speech,Symbolism,Visual Perception},
  NUMBER = {6},
  PAGES = {431--61},
  TITLE = {{Perception of the speech code.}},
  VOLUME = {74},
}

@INCOLLECTION{WeatherholtzInPress,
  AUTHOR = {Weatherholtz, Kodi and Jaeger, T Florian},
  BOOKTITLE = {Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics},
  DATE = {2016},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Weatherholtz, Jaeger - 2016 - Speech perception and generalization across talkers and accents.pdf:pdf},
  TITLE = {{Speech perception and generalization across talkers and accents}},
}

@ARTICLE{Fitch1999,
  ABSTRACT = {Magnetic resonance imaging was used to quantify the vocal tract morphology of 129 normal humans, aged 2–25 years. Morphometric data, including midsagittal vocal tract length, shape, and proportions, were collected using computer graphic techniques. There was a significant positive correlation between vocal tract length and body size (either height or weight). The data also reveal clear differences in male and female vocal tract morphology, including changes in overall vocal tract length and the relative proportions of the oral and pharyngeal cavity. These sex differences are not evident in children, but arise at puberty, suggesting that they are part of the vocal remodeling process that occurs during puberty in males. These findings have implications for speech recognition, speech forensics, and the evolution of the human speech production system, and provide a normative standard for future studies of human vocal tract morphology and development. {©}1999 Acoustical Society of America.},
  AUTHOR = {Fitch, W. Tecumseh and Giedd, Jay},
  DATE = {1999},
  DOI = {10.1121/1.427148},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Fitch, Giedd - 1999 - Morphology and development of the human vocal tract A study using magnetic resonance imaging.pdf:pdf},
  ISBN = {0001-4966},
  ISSN = {0001-4966},
  JOURNALTITLE = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {1511--1522},
  TITLE = {{Morphology and development of the human vocal tract: A study using magnetic resonance imaging}},
  VOLUME = {106},
}

@ARTICLE{Johnson1993,
  AUTHOR = {Johnson, Keith},
  LANGUAGE = {en},
  PUBLISHER = {{\$}abstract.copyright{\_}name.value},
  DATE = {1993},
  DOI = {10.1121/1.406887},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Johnson - 1993 - Individual differences in vowel production.pdf:pdf},
  ISBN = {doi:10.1121/1.406887},
  ISSN = {00014966},
  JOURNALTITLE = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
  KEYWORDS = {acoustic targets,speech production,vowels},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {701},
  TITLE = {{Individual differences in vowel production}},
  VOLUME = {94},
}

@ARTICLE{Lee1999,
  AUTHOR = {Lee, Sungbok and Potamianos, Alexandros and Narayanan, Shrikanth},
  DATE = {1999},
  DOI = {10.1121/1.426686},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Lee, Potamianos, Narayanan - 1999 - Acoustics of children's speech Developmental changes of temporal and spectral parameters(2).pdf:pdf},
  ISSN = {0001-4966},
  JOURNALTITLE = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {1455--1468},
  TITLE = {{Acoustics of children's speech: Developmental changes of temporal and spectral parameters}},
  VOLUME = {105},
}

@ARTICLE{Perry2001,
  ABSTRACT = {The purpose of this study was to examine the acoustic characteristics of children's speech and voices that account for listeners' ability to identify gender. In Experiment I, vocal recordings and gross physical measurements of 4-, 8-, 12-, and 16-year olds were taken (10 girls and 10 boys per age group). The speech sample consisted of seven nondiphthongal vowels of American English (/ae/ "had," /E/ "head," /i/ "heed," /I/ "hid," /a/ "hod," /inverted v/ "hud," and /u/ "who'd") produced in the carrier phrase, "Say /hVd/ again." Fundamental frequency (f0) and formant frequencies (F1, F2, F3) were measured from these syllables. In Experiment II, 20 adults rated the syllables produced by the children in Experiment I based on a six-point gender rating scale. The results from these experiments indicate (1) vowel formant frequencies differentiate gender for children as young as four years of age, while formant frequencies and f0 differentiate gender after 12 years of age, (2) the relationship between gross measures of physical size and vocal characteristics is apparent for at least 12- and 16-year olds, and (3) listeners can identify gender from the speech and voice of children as young as four years of age, and with respect to young children, listeners appear to base their gender ratings on vowel formant frequencies. The findings are discussed in relation to the development of gender identity and its perceptual representation in speech and voice.},
  AUTHOR = {Perry, Theodore L. and Ohde, Ralph N. and Ashmead, Daniel H.},
  DATE = {2001},
  DOI = {10.1121/1.1370525},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Perry, Ohde, Ashmead - 2001 - The acoustic bases for gender identification from children's voices.pdf:pdf},
  ISBN = {0001-4966},
  ISSN = {0001-4966},
  JOURNALTITLE = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
  NUMBER = {6},
  PAGES = {2988--2998},
  TITLE = {{The acoustic bases for gender identification from children's voices}},
  VOLUME = {109},
}

@ARTICLE{Peterson1952,
  AUTHOR = {Peterson, Gordon E and Barney, Harold L},
  DATE = {1952},
  DOI = {10.1121/1.1906875},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Peterson, Barney - 1952 - Control Methods Used in a Study of the Vowels.pdf:pdf},
  ISSN = {00014966},
  JOURNALTITLE = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {175--184},
  TITLE = {{Control Methods Used in a Study of the Vowels}},
  VOLUME = {24},
}

@BOOK{Labov2006,
  ABSTRACT = {The Atlas of North American English provides the first overall view of the pronunciation and vowel systems of the dialects of the U.S. and Canada. The Atlas re-defines the regional dialects of American English on the basis of sound changes active in the 1990s and draws new boundaries reflecting those changes. It is based on a telephone survey of 762 local speakers, representing all the urbanized areas of North America. It has been developed by Bill Labov, one of the leading sociolinguists of the world, together with his colleagues Sharon Ash and Charles Boberg. The Atlas consists of a printed volume accompanied by an interactive CD-ROM. The print and multimedia content is alsoavailable online. Combined Edition: Book and Multimedia CD-ROM The printed volume contains 23 chapters that re-define the geographic boundaries of North American dialects and trace the influence of gender, age, education, and city size on the progress of sound change; findings that show a dramatic and increasing divergence of English in North America; 139 four color maps that illustrate the regional distribution of phonological and phonetic variables across the North American continent; 120 four color vowel charts of individual speakers. The interactive multimedia CD-ROM supplements the printed articles and maps by providing a data base with measurements of more than 100,000 vowels and mean values for 439 speakers; the Plotnik program for mapping each of the individual vowel systems; extended sound samples of all North American dialects; interactive applications to enhance classroom presentations. Online only Version: Print and Multimedia Content The online only version offers simultaneous access to the print and multimedia content to all users in the university/library network; presents a wider selection of interactive data, maps, and audio samples that will be recurrently updated; provides students with concurrent access to research material for classroom assignments. Key Features: a multimedia reference tool, overthrows previously heldhypothesesin North American dialectology, sound samples on CD-ROM easily accessible through clearly designedinteractive maps. System Requirements for CD-ROM and Online only version: Windows PC: Pentium PC, Windows 9x, NT, or XP, at least 16MB RAM, CD-ROM Drive, 16 Bit Soundcard, SVGA (600 x 800 resolution). Apple MAC: OS 6 or higher, 16 Bit Soundcard, at least 16MB RAM. Supported Browsers: Internet Explorer, 5.5 or 6 (Mac OS: Internet Explorer 5.1)/Netscape 7.x or higher/Mozilla 1.0 or higher/Mozilla Firefox 1.0 or higher. PlugIns: Macromedia Flash Player 6/Acrobat Reader.},
  AUTHOR = {Labov, William and Ash, Sharon and Boberg, Charles},
  BOOKTITLE = {Phonetics, Phonology and Sound Change},
  DATE = {2006},
  DOI = {10.1515/9783110206838},
  ISBN = {9783110206838},
  PAGES = {318},
  TITLE = {{The Atlas of North American English}},
}

@ARTICLE{Bejjanki2011,
  ABSTRACT = {Previous cue integration studies have examined continuous perceptual dimensions (e.g., size) and have shown that human cue integration is well described by a normative model in which cues are weighted in proportion to their sensory reliability, as estimated from single-cue performance. However, this normative model may not be applicable to categorical perceptual dimensions (e.g., phonemes). In tasks defined over categorical perceptual dimensions, optimal cue weights should depend not only on the sensory variance affecting the perception of each cue but also on the environmental variance inherent in each task-relevant category. Here, we present a computational and experimental investigation of cue integration in a categorical audio-visual (articulatory) speech perception task. Our results show that human performance during audio-visual phonemic labeling is qualitatively consistent with the behavior of a Bayes-optimal observer. Specifically, we show that the participants in our task are sensitive, on a trial-by-trial basis, to the sensory uncertainty associated with the auditory and visual cues, during phonemic categorization. In addition, we show that while sensory uncertainty is a significant factor in determining cue weights, it is not the only one and participants' performance is consistent with an optimal model in which environmental, within category variability also plays a role in determining cue weights. Furthermore, we show that in our task, the sensory variability affecting the visual modality during cue-combination is not well estimated from single-cue performance, but can be estimated from multi-cue performance. The findings and computational principles described here represent a principled first step towards characterizing the mechanisms underlying human cue integration in categorical tasks.},
  AUTHOR = {Bejjanki, Vikranth Rao and Clayards, Meghan and Knill, David C and Aslin, Richard N},
  DATE = {2011},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.pone.0019812},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Bejjanki et al. - 2011 - Cue integration in categorical tasks insights from audio-visual speech perception.pdf:pdf},
  ISSN = {1932-6203},
  JOURNALTITLE = {PloS one},
  NUMBER = {5},
  PAGES = {e19812},
  TITLE = {{Cue integration in categorical tasks: insights from audio-visual speech perception.}},
  VOLUME = {6},
}

@ARTICLE{Clayards2008,
  ABSTRACT = {Listeners are exquisitely sensitive to fine-grained acoustic detail within phonetic categories for sounds and words. Here we show that this sensitivity is optimal given the probabilistic nature of speech cues. We manipulated the probability distribution of one probabilistic cue, voice onset time (VOT), which differentiates word initial labial stops in English (e.g., "beach" and "peach"). Participants categorized words from distributions of VOT with wide or narrow variances. Uncertainty about word identity was measured by four-alternative forced-choice judgments and by the probability of looks to pictures. Both measures closely reflected the posterior probability of the word given the likelihood distributions of VOT, suggesting that listeners are sensitive to these distributions.},
  AUTHOR = {Clayards, Meghan and Tanenhaus, Michael K and Aslin, Richard N and Jacobs, Robert a},
  DATE = {2008},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.cognition.2008.04.004},
  FILE = {::},
  ISSN = {0010-0277},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Cognition},
  KEYWORDS = {Comprehension,Cues,Humans,Judgment,Models,Statistical,Pattern Recognition,Visual,Phonetics,Speech Acoustics,Speech Perception},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {804--9},
  TITLE = {{Perception of speech reflects optimal use of probabilistic speech cues.}},
  VOLUME = {108},
}

@ARTICLE{Idemaru2011,
  ABSTRACT = {Speech processing requires sensitivity to long-term regularities of the native language yet demands listeners to flexibly adapt to perturbations that arise from talker idiosyncrasies such as nonnative accent. The present experiments investigate whether listeners exhibit dimension-based statistical learning of correlations between acoustic dimensions defining perceptual space for a given speech segment. While engaged in a word recognition task guided by a perceptually unambiguous voice-onset time (VOT) acoustics to signal beer, pier, deer, or tear, listeners were exposed incidentally to an artificial "accent" deviating from English norms in its correlation of the pitch onset of the following vowel (F0) to VOT. Results across four experiments are indicative of rapid, dimension-based statistical learning; reliance on the F0 dimension in word recognition was rapidly down-weighted in response to the perturbation of the correlation between F0 and VOT dimensions. However, listeners did not simply mirror the short-term input statistics. Instead, response patterns were consistent with a lingering influence of sensitivity to the long-term regularities of English. This suggests that the very acoustic dimensions defining perceptual space are not fixed and, rather, are dynamically and rapidly adjusted to the idiosyncrasies of local experience, such as might arise from nonnative-accent, dialect, or dysarthria. The current findings extend demonstrations of "object-based" statistical learning across speech segments to include incidental, online statistical learning of regularities residing within a speech segment.},
  AUTHOR = {Idemaru, Kaori and Holt, Lori L},
  ANNOTATION = {Four experiments. Test effect of manipulating correlation between F0 and VOT as cue to voicing. Three conditions : canonical (positive cor.), neutral (only VOT, no difference in F0 between categories), and reversed (negative cor.). STimuli: beer/pier, deer/tear. 4AFC task with "ambiguous" (F0 only varying from high to mid to low) test stimuli and unambiguous (correlated) training stimuli. Exp 1: Big difference between high/low F0 test trials for canonical and neutral conditions, smaller difference (still in same direction) for reversed. (blocks were within subject, always in the canon.-neut.-rev. order). Exp 2: All reversed blocks. End up with small effect of F0 after 1 block, and no effect after 2/3 blocks. Exp 3: multi-day. first day, block 1 canonical, block 2 reversed. other four days, all reversed. Same pattern as experiment 1/2. Exp 4: flip back and forth between canonical, reversed, and then canonical again. Changes back to baseline after last canonical block, pattern is same otherwise. Chalk effects up to "dimensional statistical learning", rather than "object-based", although VOT DOES provide a good cue to category...},
  DATE = {2011},
  DOI = {10.1037/a0025641},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Idemaru, Holt - 2011 - Word recognition reflects dimension-based statistical learning.pdf:pdf},
  ISSN = {1939-1277},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance},
  KEYWORDS = {Acoustic Stimulation,Humans,Learning,Psycholinguistics,Speech,Speech Perception,Time Factors},
  NUMBER = {6},
  PAGES = {1939--56},
  TITLE = {{Word recognition reflects dimension-based statistical learning.}},
  VOLUME = {37},
}

@ARTICLE{Kraljic2007,
  ABSTRACT = {Different speakers may pronounce the same sounds very differently, yet listeners have little difficulty perceiving speech accurately. Recent research suggests that listeners adjust their preexisting phonemic categories to accommodate speakers' pronunciations (perceptual learning). In some cases, these adjustments appear to reflect general changes to phonemic categories, rather than speaker-specific adjustments. But what happens when listeners encounter multiple speakers with different pronunciations? We exposed listeners to two speakers who varied in their pronunciation of a particular phoneme (Experiment 1: /d/ or /t/; Experiment 2: /s/ or /S/). Listeners then categorized sounds on /d/-/t/ or /s/-/S/ continua, in the same two voices. The results suggest that perceptual experience leads to very different learning for different types of phonemic contrasts. For fricatives, perceptual learning was speaker-specific: The system was able to maintain multiple different representations simultaneously. In contrast, perceptual learning for stop consonants resulted in more general changes that required the system to re-adjust when a new pronunciation was encountered.},
  AUTHOR = {Kraljic, Tanya and Samuel, Arthur G},
  ANNOTATION = {No speaker-specific adjustment for ambiguous /dt/ when male and female conflict on lexical context (e.g. ?DT is /d/ in one voice but /t/ in the other). strong recency effect: adaptation in direction of whatever voice was heard most recently (HOW DOES THIS SQUARE WITH NO LEARNING?? must cancel out when collapsing across this recency grouping...) do get voice-specific adaptation w/ fricative contrast (/s/-/sh/), no recency effect.},
  DATE = {2007},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.jml.2006.07.010},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Kraljic, Samuel - 2007 - Perceptual adjustments to multiple speakers.pdf:pdf},
  ISSN = {0749596X},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Journal of Memory and Language},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {1--15},
  TITLE = {{Perceptual adjustments to multiple speakers}},
  VOLUME = {56},
}

@ARTICLE{McMurray2011a,
  ABSTRACT = {Most theories of categorization emphasize how continuous perceptual information is mapped to categories. However, equally important are the informational assumptions of a model, the type of information subserving this mapping. This is crucial in speech perception where the signal is variable and context dependent. This study assessed the informational assumptions of several models of speech categorization, in particular, the number of cues that are the basis of categorization and whether these cues represent the input veridically or have undergone compensation. We collected a corpus of 2,880 fricative productions (Jongman, Wayland, {\&} Wong, 2000) spanning many talker and vowel contexts and measured 24 cues for each. A subset was also presented to listeners in an 8AFC phoneme categorization task. We then trained a common classification model based on logistic regression to categorize the fricative from the cue values and manipulated the information in the training set to contrast (a) models based on a small number of invariant cues, (b) models using all cues without compensation, and (c) models in which cues underwent compensation for contextual factors. Compensation was modeled by computing cues relative to expectations (C-CuRE), a new approach to compensation that preserves fine-grained detail in the signal. Only the compensation model achieved a similar accuracy to listeners and showed the same effects of context. Thus, even simple categorization metrics can overcome the variability in speech when sufficient information is available and compensation schemes like C-CuRE are employed.},
  AUTHOR = {McMurray, Bob and Jongman, Allard},
  ANNOTATION = {test "Computing Cues Relative to Expectations" (C-CuRE) framework: residualize cues relative to expected values based on contextual factors (speaker, previous categories, etc.). performs similarly to listeners on corpus of fricatives with tons of cues, better than non-compressed classifiers using same cues. JUST LIKE PREDICTIVE CODING (although don't really talk about it that way...)},
  DATE = {2011},
  DOI = {10.1037/a0022325},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/McMurray, Jongman - 2011 - What information is necessary for speech categorization Harnessing variability in the speech signal by integr.pdf:pdf},
  ISSN = {1939-1471},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Psychological Review},
  KEYWORDS = {Comprehension,Cues,Female,Humans,Logistic Models,Male,Models,Phonetics,Psychological,Speech,Speech Perception},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {219--46},
  TITLE = {{What information is necessary for speech categorization? Harnessing variability in the speech signal by integrating cues computed relative to expectations.}},
  VOLUME = {118},
}

@ARTICLE{Hay2006,
  AUTHOR = {Hay, Jennifer and Warren, Paul and Drager, Katie},
  DATE = {2006},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.wocn.2005.10.001},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Hay, Warren, Drager - 2006 - Factors influencing speech perception in the context of a merger-in-progress.pdf:pdf},
  ISSN = {00954470},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Journal of Phonetics},
  NUMBER = {4},
  PAGES = {458--484},
  TITLE = {{Factors influencing speech perception in the context of a merger-in-progress}},
  VOLUME = {34},
}

@ARTICLE{Niedzielski1999,
  AUTHOR = {Niedzielski, N.},
  DATE = {1999},
  DOI = {10.1177/0261927X99018001005},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Niedzielski - 1999 - The Effect of Social Information on the Perception of Sociolinguistic Variables.pdf:pdf},
  ISSN = {0261-927X},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Journal of Language and Social Psychology},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {62--85},
  TITLE = {{The Effect of Social Information on the Perception of Sociolinguistic Variables}},
  VOLUME = {18},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Strand1996,
  AUTHOR = {Strand, Elizabeth A and Johnson, Keith},
  EDITOR = {Gibbons, D},
  LOCATION = {Berlin},
  PUBLISHER = {Mouton de Gruyter},
  BOOKTITLE = {Natural Language Processing and Speech Technology: Results of the 3rd KONVENS Conference, Bielfelt},
  DATE = {1996},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Strand, Johnson - 1996 - Gradient and Visual Speaker Normalization in the Perception of Fricatives.pdf:pdf},
  PAGES = {14--26},
  TITLE = {{Gradient and Visual Speaker Normalization in the Perception of Fricatives}},
}

@ARTICLE{Kleinschmidt2015,
  ABSTRACT = {test.},
  AUTHOR = {Kleinschmidt, Dave F and Jaeger, T Florian},
  DATE = {2015},
  DOI = {10.1037/a0038695},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Kleinschmidt, Jaeger - 2015 - Robust speech perception Recognize the familiar, generalize to the similar, and adapt to the novel.pdf:pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Psychological Review},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {148--203},
  TITLE = {{Robust speech perception: Recognize the familiar, generalize to the similar, and adapt to the novel}},
  VOLUME = {122},
}

@ARTICLE{Hay2010,
  AUTHOR = {Hay, Jennifer and Drager, Katie},
  DATE = {2010},
  DOI = {10.1515/ling.2010.027},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Hay, Drager - 2010 - Stuffed toys and speech perception.pdf:pdf},
  ISSN = {0024-3949},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Linguistics},
  NUMBER = {4},
  PAGES = {865--892},
  TITLE = {{Stuffed toys and speech perception}},
  VOLUME = {48},
}

@ARTICLE{Strand1999,
  AUTHOR = {Strand, Elizabeth A},
  DATE = {1999},
  DOI = {10.1177/0261927X99018001006},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Strand - 1999 - Uncovering the Role of Gender Stereotypes in Speech Perception.pdf:pdf},
  ISSN = {0261-927X},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Journal of Language and Social Psychology},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {86--100},
  TITLE = {{Uncovering the Role of Gender Stereotypes in Speech Perception}},
  VOLUME = {18},
}

@ARTICLE{Johnson1999,
  AUTHOR = {Johnson, Keith and Strand, Elizabeth A and D'Imperio, Mariapaola},
  DATE = {1999},
  DOI = {10.1006/jpho.1999.0100},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Johnson, Strand, D'Imperio - 1999 - Auditory-visual integration of talker gender in vowel perception.pdf:pdf},
  ISSN = {00954470},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Journal of Phonetics},
  NUMBER = {4},
  PAGES = {359--384},
  TITLE = {{Auditory-visual integration of talker gender in vowel perception}},
  VOLUME = {27},
}

@MISC{Walker2011,
  ABSTRACT = {In Exemplar Theory, the mental lexical representation of a word is a distribution over memories of past experiences with that word. These memories are rich with phonetic and indexical detail. At the very core of the theory, then, is the prediction that individual words should have a unique phonetic distribution shaped by the environments in which they were most encountered. We pursue this hypothesis di- rectly by exploring the prediction that a word should be more easily processed when it contains characteristics that most resemble the listener's accumulated past experience with that word. Twenty-five participants took part in an auditory lexical decision task where they heard words that are usually said more by older speakers, words usually said more by younger speakers, and age-neutral words. These words were presented in both an older and a younger voice. Accuracy rates increased and response times decreased when voice age and word age matched. This pro- vides robust evidence that words are more easily processed when they contain characteristics that most resemble the listener's accumulated past experience with that word, providing verification of a key prediction of exemplar models of the lexicon.},
  AUTHOR = {Walker, Abby and Hay, Jennifer},
  BOOKTITLE = {Laboratory Phonology},
  DATE = {2011},
  DOI = {10.1515/labphon.2011.007},
  FILE = {::},
  ISBN = {1868-6346$\backslash$n1868-6354},
  ISSN = {1868-6346},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {219--237},
  TITLE = {{Congruence between 'word age' and 'voice age' facilitates lexical access}},
  VOLUME = {2},
}

@ARTICLE{Mitchel2016,
  ABSTRACT = {One challenge for speech perception is between-speaker variability in the acoustic parameters of speech. For example, the same phoneme (e.g. the vowel in “cat”) may have substantially different acoustic properties when produced by two different speakers and yet the listener must be able to interpret these disparate stimuli as equivalent. Perceptual tuning, the use of contextual information to adjust phonemic representations, may be one mechanism that helps listeners overcome obstacles they face due to this variability during speech perception. Here we test whether visual contextual cues to speaker identity may facilitate the formation and maintenance of distributional representations for individual speakers, allowing listeners to adjust phoneme boundaries in a speaker-specific manner. We familiarized participants to an audiovisual continuum between /aba/ and /ada/. During familiarization, the “b-face” mouthed /aba/ when an ambiguous token was played, while the “D-face" mouthed /ada/. At test, the same ambiguous token was more likely to be identified as /aba/ when paired with a stilled image of the “b-face” than with an image of the “D-face.” This was not the case in the control condition when the two faces were paired equally with the ambiguous token. Together, these results suggest that listeners may form speaker-specific phonemic representations using facial identity cues.},
  AUTHOR = {Mitchel, Aaron D. and Gerfen, Chip and Weiss, Daniel J.},
  ANNOTATION = {identical audio, only face to cue talker. exposure to BOTH talkers (differ in distributions) vs. van der zande et al. (2014) who exposre to ONE talker and test on other.},
  DATE = {2016},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.wocn.2016.02.003},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Mitchel, Gerfen, Weiss - 2016 - Audiovisual perceptual learning with multiple speakers.pdf:pdf},
  ISSN = {00954470},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Journal of Phonetics},
  NUMBER = {April},
  PAGES = {66--74},
  TITLE = {{Audiovisual perceptual learning with multiple speakers}},
  VOLUME = {56},
}

@ARTICLE{Nygaard1994,
  AUTHOR = {Nygaard, Lynne C and Sommers, Mitchell S and Pisoni, David B},
  DATE = {1994},
  DOI = {10.1111/j.1467-9280.1994.tb00612.x},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Nygaard, Sommers, Pisoni - 1994 - Speech Perception as a Talker-Contingent Process.pdf:pdf},
  ISSN = {0956-7976},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Psychological Science},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {42--46},
  TITLE = {{Speech Perception as a Talker-Contingent Process}},
  VOLUME = {5},
}

@ARTICLE{Johnson1997,
  AUTHOR = {Johnson, Keith},
  PUBLISHER = {THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY},
  DATE = {1997},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Johnson - 1997 - The auditoryperceptual basis for speech segmentation.pdf:pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {OSU Working Papers in Linguistics},
  PAGES = {101--113},
  SERIES = {OSU Working Papers in Linguistics},
  TITLE = {{The auditory/perceptual basis for speech segmentation}},
  VOLUME = {50},
}

@ARTICLE{Goldinger1998,
  ABSTRACT = {In this article the author proposes an episodic theory of spoken word representation, perception, and production. By most theories, idiosyncratic aspects of speech (voice details, ambient noise, etc.) are considered noise and are filtered in perception. However, episodic theories suggest that perceptual details are stored in memory and are integral to later perception. In this research the author tested an episodic model (MINERVA 2; D. L. Hintzman, 1986) against speech production data from a word-shadowing task. The model predicted the shadowing-response-time patterns, and it correctly predicted a tendency for shadowers to spontaneously imitate the acoustic patterns of words and nonwords. It also correctly predicted imitation strength as a function of "abstract" stimulus properties, such as word frequency. Taken together, the data and theory suggest that detailed episodes constitute the basic substrate of the mental lexicon.},
  AUTHOR = {Goldinger, Stephen D},
  DATE = {1998},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Goldinger - 1998 - Echoes of echoes An episodic theory of lexical access.pdf:pdf},
  ISSN = {0033-295X},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Psychological Review},
  KEYWORDS = {Computer Simulation,Humans,Memory,Memory: physiology,Speech,Speech Perception,Speech Perception: physiology,Speech: physiology,Verbal Learning,Verbal Learning: physiology,Vocabulary},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {251--79},
  TITLE = {{Echoes of echoes? An episodic theory of lexical access.}},
  VOLUME = {105},
}

@ARTICLE{Pierrehumbert2006,
  AUTHOR = {Pierrehumbert, Janet B},
  DATE = {2006},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.wocn.2006.06.003},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Pierrehumbert - 2006 - The next toolkit.pdf:pdf},
  ISSN = {00954470},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Journal of Phonetics},
  NUMBER = {4},
  PAGES = {516--530},
  TITLE = {{The next toolkit}},
  VOLUME = {34},
}

@ARTICLE{Cole2010,
  ABSTRACT = {Coarticulation is a source of acoustic variability for vowels, but how large is this effect relative to other sources of variance? We investigate acoustic effects of anticipatory V-to-V coarticulation relative to variation due to the following C and individual speaker. We examine F1 and F2 from V1 in 48 V1-C{\#}V2 contexts produced by 10 speakers of American English. ANOVA reveals significant effects of both V2 and C on F1 and F2 measures of V1. The influence of V2 and C on acoustic variability relative to that of speaker and target vowel identity is evaluated using hierarchical linear regression. Speaker and target vowel account for roughly 80{\%} of the total variance in F1 and F2, but when this variance is partialed out C and V2 account for another 18{\%} (F1) and 63{\%} (F2) of the remaining target vowel variability. Multinomial logistic regression (MLR) models are constructed to test the power of target vowel F1 and F2 for predicting C and V2 of the upcoming context. Prediction accuracy is 58{\%} for C-Place, 76{\%} for C-Voicing and 54{\%} for V2, but only when variance due to other sources is factored out. MLR is discussed as a model of the parsing mechanism in speech perception. {©} 2009 Elsevier Ltd.},
  AUTHOR = {Cole, Jennifer and Linebaugh, Gary and Munson, Cheyenne and McMurray, Bob},
  PUBLISHER = {Elsevier},
  DATE = {2010},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.wocn.2009.08.004},
  EPRINT = {NIHMS150003},
  EPRINTTYPE = {arXiv},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Cole et al. - 2010 - Unmasking the acoustic effects of vowel-to-vowel coarticulation A statistical modeling approach.pdf:pdf},
  ISBN = {0095-4470 (Electronic)$\backslash$r0095-4470 (Linking)},
  ISSN = {00954470},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Journal of Phonetics},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {167--184},
  TITLE = {{Unmasking the acoustic effects of vowel-to-vowel coarticulation: A statistical modeling approach}},
  VOLUME = {38},
}

@ARTICLE{Holt2005,
  ABSTRACT = {Speech perception is an ecologically important example of the highly context-dependent nature of perception; adjacent speech, and even nonspeech, sounds influence how listeners categorize speech. Some theories emphasize linguistic or articulation-based processes in speech-elicited context effects and peripheral (cochlear) auditory perceptual interactions in non-speech-elicited context effects. The present studies challenge this division. Results of three experiments indicate that acoustic histories composed of sine-wave tones drawn from spectral distributions with different mean frequencies robustly affect speech categorization. These context effects were observed even when the acoustic context temporally adjacent to the speech stimulus was held constant and when more than a second of silence or multiple intervening sounds separated the nonlinguistic acoustic context and speech targets. These experiments indicate that speech categorization is sensitive to statistical distributions of spectral information, even if the distributions are composed of nonlinguistic elements. Acoustic context need be neither linguistic nor local to influence speech perception.},
  AUTHOR = {Holt, Lori L},
  INSTITUTION = {Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. [email protected]},
  DATE = {2005},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Holt - 2005 - Temporally nonadjacent nonlinguistic sounds affect speech categorization.pdf:pdf},
  ISSN = {09567976},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Psychological science : a journal of the American Psychological Society / APS},
  NUMBER = {4},
  PAGES = {305--312},
  TITLE = {{Temporally nonadjacent nonlinguistic sounds affect speech categorization.}},
  VOLUME = {16},
}

@ARTICLE{Sumner2014,
  ABSTRACT = {Spoken words are highly variable. A single word may never be uttered the same way twice. As listeners, we regularly encounter speakers of different ages, genders, and accents, increasing the amount of variation we face. How listeners understand spoken words as quickly and adeptly as they do despite this variation remains an issue central to linguistic theory. We propose that learned acoustic patterns are mapped simultaneously to linguistic representations and to social representations. In doing so, we illuminate a paradox that results in the literature from, we argue, the focus on representations and the peripheral treatment of word-level phonetic variation. We consider phonetic variation more fully and highlight a growing body of work that is problematic for current theory: words with different pronunciation variants are recognized equally well in immediate processing tasks, while an atypical, infrequent, but socially idealized form is remembered better in the long-term. We suggest that the perception of spoken words is socially weighted, resulting in sparse, but high-resolution clusters of socially idealized episodes that are robust in immediate processing and are more strongly encoded, predicting memory inequality. Our proposal includes a dual-route approach to speech perception in which listeners map acoustic patterns in speech to linguistic and social representations in tandem. This approach makes novel predictions about the extraction of information from the speech signal, and provides a framework with which we can ask new questions. We propose that language comprehension, broadly, results from the integration of both linguistic and social information.},
  AUTHOR = {Sumner, Meghan and Kim, Seung Kyung and King, Ed and McGowan, Kevin B},
  DATE = {2014},
  DOI = {10.3389/fpsyg.2013.01015},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Sumner et al. - 2014 - The socially weighted encoding of spoken words a dual-route approach to speech perception.pdf:pdf},
  ISSN = {1664-1078},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  KEYWORDS = {episodic lexical access,social weighting,speech perception,spoken word recognition phoneti,spoken word recognition phonetic,variation},
  NUMBER = {January},
  PAGES = {1015},
  TITLE = {{The socially weighted encoding of spoken words: a dual-route approach to speech perception}},
  VOLUME = {4},
}

@ARTICLE{Jaeger2016,
  AUTHOR = {Jaeger, T Florian and Weatherholtz, Kodi},
  DATE = {2016},
  DOI = {10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01115},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Jaeger, Weatherholtz - 2016 - What the Heck Is Salience How Predictive Language Processing Contributes to Sociolinguistic Perception.pdf:pdf},
  ISSN = {1664-1078},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  KEYWORDS = {accent,accent,dialect,idiolect,salience,surprisal,pr,dialect,expectation,idiolect,learning,prediction,salience,surprisal},
  NUMBER = {August},
  PAGES = {1--5},
  TITLE = {{What the Heck Is Salience? How Predictive Language Processing Contributes to Sociolinguistic Perception}},
  VOLUME = {7},
}

@ARTICLE{Massaro1990,
  AUTHOR = {Massaro, Dominic W and Friedman, Daniel},
  DATE = {1990},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Massaro, Friedman - 1990 - Models of Integration Given Multiple Sources of Information G G G G G 0 G G G G 0 0.pdf:pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Psychological Review},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {225--252},
  TITLE = {{Models of Integration Given Multiple Sources of Information G G G G G 0 G G G G 0 0}},
  VOLUME = {97},
}

@ARTICLE{Hillenbrand1995,
  ABSTRACT = {The purpose of this study was to replicate and extend the classic study of vowel acoustics by Peterson and Barney (PB) [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 24, 175-184 (1952)]. Recordings were made of 45 men, 48 women, and 46 children producing the vowels /i,I,e, epsilon,ae,a, [symbol: see text],O,U,u, lambda,3 iota/ in h-V-d syllables. Formant contours for F1-F4 were measured from LPC spectra using a custom interactive editing tool. For comparison with the PB data, formant patterns were sampled at a time that was judged by visual inspection to be maximally steady. Analysis of the formant data shows numerous differences between the present data and those of PB, both in terms of average frequencies of F1 and F2, and the degree of overlap among adjacent vowels. As with the original study, listening tests showed that the signals were nearly always identified as the vowel intended by the talker. Discriminant analysis showed that the vowels were more poorly separated than the PB data based on a static sample of the formant pattern. However, the vowels can be separated with a high degree of accuracy if duration and spectral change information is included.},
  AUTHOR = {Hillenbrand, J and Getty, L A and Clark, M J and Wheeler, K},
  DATE = {1995},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Hillenbrand et al. - 1995 - Acoustic characteristics of American English vowels.pdf:pdf},
  ISSN = {0001-4966},
  JOURNALTITLE = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
  KEYWORDS = {Adult,Child,Female,Humans,Male,Phonetics,Speech Acoustics},
  NUMBER = {5.1},
  PAGES = {3099--111},
  TITLE = {{Acoustic characteristics of American English vowels.}},
  VOLUME = {97},
}

@ARTICLE{Clopper2005,
  AUTHOR = {Clopper, Cynthia G and Pisoni, David B and de Jong, Kenneth J},
  DATE = {2005},
  DOI = {10.1121/1.2000774},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Clopper, Pisoni, de Jong - 2005 - Acoustic characteristics of the vowel systems of six regional varieties of American English.pdf:pdf},
  ISSN = {00014966},
  JOURNALTITLE = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {1661},
  TITLE = {{Acoustic characteristics of the vowel systems of six regional varieties of American English}},
  VOLUME = {118},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Chodroff2015,
  AUTHOR = {Chodroff, Eleanor and Godfrey, John and Khudanpur, Sanjeev and Wilson, Colin},
  EDITOR = {{The Scottish Consortium for ICPhS}},
  LOCATION = {Glasgow, UK},
  PUBLISHER = {the University of Glasgow},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 18th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences},
  DATE = {2015},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Chodroff et al. - 2015 - Structured Variability in Acoustic Realization A Corpus Study of Voice Onset Time in American English Stops.pdf:pdf},
  KEYWORDS = {consonants,corpus phonetics,stop,talker variation,test,voice onset time},
  TITLE = {{Structured Variability in Acoustic Realization : A Corpus Study of Voice Onset Time in American English Stops}},
}

@ARTICLE{Torre2009,
  ABSTRACT = {This paper addresses effects of age and sex on certain acoustic properties of speech, given conflicting findings on such effects reported in prior research. The speech of 27 younger adults (15 women, 12 men; mean age 25.5 years) and 59 older adults (32 women, 27 men; mean age 75.2 years) was evaluated for identification of differences for sex and age group across measures of fundamental and formant frequencies (F0, F1, F2 and F3) and voice onset time (VOT). There were significant sex-by-age group interactions for F0, F1, and VOT, some of which were specific to individual speech sounds. The findings suggest that further research on aging speech should focus on sex differences and the potential influence such changes may have on communication abilities of older adults with hearing loss. Learning Outcomes: The reader will be able to understand and describe (1) possible changes in specific acoustic properties with age, (2) how these changes may differ for women and men, and (3) the potential impact these changes may have on the speech understanding of older individuals with hearing loss. {©} 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
  AUTHOR = {Torre, Peter and Barlow, Jessica A.},
  DATE = {2009},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.jcomdis.2009.03.001},
  EPRINT = {NIHMS150003},
  EPRINTTYPE = {arXiv},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Torre, Barlow - 2009 - Age-related changes in acoustic characteristics of adult speech.pdf:pdf},
  ISBN = {1873-7994 (Electronic)$\backslash$r0021-9924 (Linking)},
  ISSN = {00219924},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Journal of Communication Disorders},
  NUMBER = {5},
  PAGES = {324--333},
  TITLE = {{Age-related changes in acoustic characteristics of adult speech}},
  VOLUME = {42},
}

@ARTICLE{Stuart-smith2015,
  ABSTRACT = {While voice onset time (VOT) is known to be sensitive to a range of phonetic and linguistic factors, much less is known about VOT in spontaneous speech, since most studies consider stops in single words, in sentences, and/or in read speech. Scottish English is typically said to show less aspirated voiceless stops than other varieties of English, but there is also variation, ranging from unaspirated stops in vernacular speakers to more aspirated stops in Scottish Standard English; change in the vernacular has also been suggested. This paper presents results from a study which used a fast, semi-automated procedure for analyzing positive VOT, and applied it to stressed syllable-initial stops from a real- and apparent-time corpus of naturally-occurring spontaneous Glaswegian vernacular speech. We confirm significant effects on VOT for place of articula- tion and local speaking rate, and trends for vowel height and lexical frequency. With respect to time, our results are not consistent with previous work reporting generally shorter VOT in elderly speakers, since our results from models which control for local speech rate show lengthening over real-time in the elderly speakers in our sample. Overall, our findings suggest that VOT in both voiceless and voiced stops is lengthening over the course of the twentieth century in this variety of Scottish English. They also support observations from other studies, both from Scotland and beyond, indicating that gradient shifts along the VOT continuum reflect subtle sociolinguistic control. *Corresponding},
  AUTHOR = {Stuart-smith, Jane and Sonderegger, Morgan and Rathcke, Tamara},
  DATE = {2015},
  DOI = {10.1515/lp-2015-0015},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Stuart-smith, Sonderegger, Rathcke - 2015 - The private life of stops VOT in a real-time corpus of spontaneous Glaswegian.pdf:pdf},
  ISSN = {1868-6346},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Laboratory Phonology},
  NUMBER = {3-4},
  PAGES = {505--549},
  TITLE = {{The private life of stops : VOT in a real-time corpus of spontaneous Glaswegian}},
  VOLUME = {6},
}

@ARTICLE{Lobanov1971,
  AUTHOR = {Lobanov, B. M.},
  DATE = {1971},
  DOI = {10.1121/1.1912396},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Lobanov - 1971 - Classification of Russian Vowels Spoken by Different Speakers.pdf:pdf},
  ISSN = {00014966},
  JOURNALTITLE = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
  NUMBER = {2B},
  PAGES = {606},
  TITLE = {{Classification of Russian Vowels Spoken by Different Speakers}},
  VOLUME = {49},
}

@ARTICLE{Loyd1890,
  AUTHOR = {Loyd, R J},
  DATE = {1890},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Phonetische Studien},
  PAGES = {251--278},
  TITLE = {{Speech sounds: Their nature and causation}},
  VOLUME = {3},
}

@ARTICLE{Monahan2010,
  ABSTRACT = {A long-standing question in speech perception research is how do listeners extract linguistic content from a highly variable acoustic input. In the domain of vowel perception, formant ratios, or the calculation of relative bark differences between vowel formants, have been a sporadically proposed solution. We propose a novel formant ratio algorithm in which the first (F1) and second (F2) formants are compared against the third formant (F3). Results from two magnetoencephelographic (MEG) experiments are presented that suggest auditory cortex is sensitive to formant ratios. Our findings also demonstrate that the perceptual system shows heightened sensitivity to formant ratios for tokens located in more crowded regions of the vowel space. Additionally, we present statistical evidence that this algorithm eliminates speaker-dependent variation based on age and gender from vowel productions. We conclude that these results present an impetus to reconsider formant ratios as a legitimate mechanistic component in the solution to the problem of speaker normalization.},
  AUTHOR = {Monahan, Philip J and Idsardi, William J},
  DATE = {2010},
  DOI = {10.1080/01690965.2010.490047},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Monahan, Idsardi - 2010 - Auditory Sensitivity to Formant RatiosToward an Account of Vowel Normalization.pdf:pdf},
  ISSN = {1464-0732},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Language and cognitive processes},
  NUMBER = {6},
  PAGES = {808--839},
  TITLE = {{Auditory Sensitivity to Formant Ratios:Toward an Account of Vowel Normalization.}},
  VOLUME = {25},
}

@ARTICLE{Feldman2009,
  ABSTRACT = {A variety of studies have demonstrated that organizing stimuli into categories can affect the way the stimuli are perceived. We explore the influence of categories on perception through one such phenomenon, the perceptual magnet effect, in which discriminability between vowels is reduced near prototypical vowel sounds. We present a Bayesian model to explain why this reduced discriminability might occur: It arises as a consequence of optimally solving the statistical problem of perception in noise. In the optimal solution to this problem, listeners' perception is biased toward phonetic category means because they use knowledge of these categories to guide their inferences about speakers' target productions. Simulations show that model predictions closely correspond to previously published human data, and novel experimental results provide evidence for the predicted link between perceptual warping and noise. The model unifies several previous accounts of the perceptual magnet effect and provides a framework for exploring categorical effects in other domains.},
  AUTHOR = {Feldman, Naomi H and Griffiths, Thomas L and Morgan, James L},
  DATE = {2009},
  DOI = {10.1037/a0017196},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Feldman, Griffiths, Morgan - 2009 - The influence of categories on perception explaining the perceptual magnet effect as optimal statist.pdf:pdf},
  ISSN = {0033-295X},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Psychological review},
  KEYWORDS = {Adult,Association Learning,Bayes Theorem,Humans,Models,Statistical,Perceptual Masking,Phonetics,Psychoacoustics,Reaction Time,Speech Perception},
  NUMBER = {4},
  PAGES = {752--82},
  TITLE = {{The influence of categories on perception: explaining the perceptual magnet effect as optimal statistical inference.}},
  VOLUME = {116},
}

@ARTICLE{Norris2008,
  ABSTRACT = {A Bayesian model of continuous speech recognition is presented. It is based on Shortlist (D. Norris, 1994; D. Norris, J. M. McQueen, A. Cutler, {\&} S. Butterfield, 1997) and shares many of its key assumptions: parallel competitive evaluation of multiple lexical hypotheses, phonologically abstract prelexical and lexical representations, a feedforward architecture with no online feedback, and a lexical segmentation algorithm based on the viability of chunks of the input as possible words. Shortlist B is radically different from its predecessor in two respects. First, whereas Shortlist was a connectionist model based on interactive-activation principles, Shortlist B is based on Bayesian principles. Second, the input to Shortlist B is no longer a sequence of discrete phonemes; it is a sequence of multiple phoneme probabilities over 3 time slices per segment, derived from the performance of listeners in a large-scale gating study. Simulations are presented showing that the model can account for key findings: data on the segmentation of continuous speech, word frequency effects, the effects of mispronunciations on word recognition, and evidence on lexical involvement in phonemic decision making. The success of Shortlist B suggests that listeners make optimal Bayesian decisions during spoken-word recognition.},
  AUTHOR = {Norris, Dennis and McQueen, James M},
  DATE = {2008},
  DOI = {10.1037/0033-295X.115.2.357},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Norris, McQueen - 2008 - Shortlist B A Bayesian model of continuous speech recognition.pdf:pdf},
  ISSN = {0033-295X},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Psychological Review},
  KEYWORDS = {Bayes Theorem,Humans,Recognition (Psychology),Speech Perception,Verbal Behavior},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {357--95},
  TITLE = {{Shortlist B: A Bayesian model of continuous speech recognition.}},
  VOLUME = {115},
}

@MANUAL{R2017,
  AUTHOR = {{R Core Team}},
  INSTITUTION = {R Foundation for Statistical Computing},
  LOCATION = {Vienna, Austria},
  DATE = {2017},
  TITLE = {{R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing}},
}

@ARTICLE{Heald2015,
  ABSTRACT = {Although the acoustic variability of speech is often described as a problem for phonetic recognition, there is little research examining acoustic-phonetic variability over time.We measured naturally occurring acoustic variability in speech production at nine specific time points (three per day over three days) to examine daily change in production as well as change across days for citation-form vowels. Productions of seven different vowels (/EE/, /IH/, /AH/, /UH/, /AE/, /OO/, /EH/)were recorded at 9AM, 3PMand 9PM over the course of each testing day on three different days, every other day, over a span of five days. Results indicate significant systematic change in F1 and F0 values over the course of a day for each of the seven vowels recorded, whereas F2 and F3 remained stable. Despite this systematic change within a day, however, talkers did not showsignificant changes in F0, F1, F2, and F3 between days, demonstrating that speakers are capable of producing vowels with great reliability over days without any extrinsic feedback besides their own auditory monitoring. The data show that in spite of substantial day-to-day variability in the specific listening and speaking experiences of these participants and thus exposure to different acoustic tokens of speech, there is a high degree of internal precision and consistency for the production of citation form vowels.},
  AUTHOR = {Heald, Shannon L M and Nusbaum, Howard C},
  DATE = {2015},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.pone.0136791},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Heald, Nusbaum - 2015 - Variability in vowel production within and between days.pdf:pdf},
  ISSN = {19326203},
  JOURNALTITLE = {PLoS ONE},
  NUMBER = {9},
  PAGES = {e0136791},
  TITLE = {{Variability in vowel production within and between days}},
  VOLUME = {10},
}

@ARTICLE{Nelson2017,
  ABSTRACT = {Competition between words in the lexicon is associated with hyperarticulation of phonetic properties in production. This correlation has been reported for metrics of competition varying in the phonetic specificity of the relationship between target and competitor (e.g., neighborhood density, onset competition, cue-specific minimal pairs). Sampling a systematic array of competition metrics, we tested their ability to predict voice onset times in both voiced and voiceless word-initial stops of conversational English. Linear mixed effects models were compared according to their corrected Akaike's Information Criterion (AICc) values. High-performing models were evaluated using evidence ratios, with the competition metrics of top-performing models tested for significance using nested model comparisons. Words with a minimal pair defined for initial stop voicing were contrastively hyperarticulated, with shorter voice onset times for voiced stops and longer voice onset times for voiceless stops. No other competition metric reliably predicted hyperarticulation for both stop types. These results suggest that contrastive hyperarticulation is phonetically specific, increasing the perceptual distance between target and competitor.},
  AUTHOR = {Nelson, Noah Richard and Wedel, Andrew},
  PUBLISHER = {Elsevier Ltd},
  DATE = {2017},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.wocn.2017.01.008},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Nelson, Wedel - 2017 - The phonetic specificity of competition Contrastive hyperarticulation of voice onset time in conversational Engli.pdf:pdf},
  ISSN = {00954470},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Journal of Phonetics},
  PAGES = {1--20},
  TITLE = {{The phonetic specificity of competition: Contrastive hyperarticulation of voice onset time in conversational English}},
  VOLUME = {e-pub},
}

@ARTICLE{Johnson2006,
  AUTHOR = {Johnson, Keith},
  DATE = {2006},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.wocn.2005.08.004},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Johnson - 2006 - Resonance in an exemplar-based lexicon The emergence of social identity and phonology.pdf:pdf},
  ISSN = {00954470},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Journal of Phonetics},
  NUMBER = {4},
  PAGES = {485--499},
  TITLE = {{Resonance in an exemplar-based lexicon: The emergence of social identity and phonology}},
  VOLUME = {34},
}

@MISC{Pitt2007,
  AUTHOR = {Pitt, Mark A and Dilley, Laura C and Johnson, Keith and Kiesling, S and Raymond, W and Hume, E and Fosler-Lussier, E},
  LOCATION = {Columbus, OH},
  PUBLISHER = {Department of Psychlogy, Ohio State University},
  DATE = {2007},
  TITLE = {{Buckeye Corpus of Conversational Speech (2nd release)}},
}

@ARTICLE{Wedel2017,
  AUTHOR = {Wedel, Andrew B and Nelson, Noah and Sharp, R},
  DATE = {2017},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Wedel, Nelson, Sharp - 2017 - The phonetic specificity of contrastive hyperarticulation in natural speech.pdf:pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Manuscript submitted for publication},
  KEYWORDS = {hyperarticulation,minimal pair,neighborhood density,speech corpus,voice onset time,vowel},
  TITLE = {{The phonetic specificity of contrastive hyperarticulation in natural speech}},
}

@BOOK{Mackay2003,
  AUTHOR = {MacKay, David J C},
  LOCATION = {Cambridge, UK},
  PUBLISHER = {Cambridge University Press},
  DATE = {2003},
  EDITION = {3},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/MacKay - 2003 - Information Theory, Inference, and Learning Algorithms.pdf:pdf},
  ISBN = {0521642981},
  TITLE = {{Information Theory, Inference, and Learning Algorithms}},
}

@ARTICLE{Allen2003,
  AUTHOR = {Allen, J. Sean and Miller, Joanne L and DeSteno, David},
  DATE = {2003},
  DOI = {10.1121/1.1528172},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Allen, Miller, DeSteno - 2003 - Individual talker differences in voice-onset-time.pdf:pdf},
  ISSN = {00014966},
  JOURNALTITLE = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {544},
  TITLE = {{Individual talker differences in voice-onset-time}},
  VOLUME = {113},
}

@ARTICLE{Lisker1964,
  AUTHOR = {Lisker, L. and Abramson, A.S.},
  DATE = {1964},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Lisker, Abramson - 1964 - A cross-language sudy of voicing in initial stops Acoustical measurements.pdf:pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Word},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {384--422},
  TITLE = {{A cross-language sudy of voicing in initial stops: Acoustical measurements}},
  VOLUME = {20},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Escudero2007,
  AUTHOR = {Escudero, Paola and {Hoffmann Bion}, Ricardo Augusto},
  EDITOR = {Trouvain, J and Barry, W J},
  LOCATION = {Saarbrucken},
  PUBLISHER = {University of Saarbrucken},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 16th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences},
  DATE = {2007},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Escudero, Hoffmann Bion - 2007 - Modelling vowel normalization and sound perception as sequential processes.pdf:pdf},
  PAGES = {1413--1416},
  TITLE = {{Modelling vowel normalization and sound perception as sequential processes}},
}

@ARTICLE{Flynn2011,
  ABSTRACT = {Results from a large-scale comparative study of vowel formant normalization methods are presented. Effectiveness of methods was evaluated by their ability to improve the equalization and alignment of speaker vowel spaces over raw Hertz measurements. Vowel-intrinsic methods performed poorly, while vowel-extrinsic, formant-intrinsic methods performed the best overall.},
  AUTHOR = {Flynn, Nicholas and Foulkes, Paul},
  DATE = {2011},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Flynn, Foulkes - 2011 - Comparing Vowel Formant Normalisation Methods.pdf:pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {ICPhS XVII},
  KEYWORDS = {vowel},
  NUMBER = {August},
  PAGES = {683--686},
  TITLE = {{Comparing Vowel Formant Normalisation Methods}},
}

@INCOLLECTION{Johnson2005,
  AUTHOR = {Johnson, Keith},
  EDITOR = {Pisoni, David B and Remez, Robert E},
  LOCATION = {Oxford},
  PUBLISHER = {Blackwell Publishers},
  BOOKTITLE = {The Handbook of Speech Perception},
  DATE = {2005},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Johnson - 2005 - Speaker normalization in speech perception.pdf:pdf},
  NUMBER = {Figure 1},
  PAGES = {363--389},
  TITLE = {{Speaker normalization in speech perception}},
}

@ARTICLE{James2013,
  ABSTRACT = {An Introduction to Statistical Learning provides an accessible overview of the field of statistical learning, an essential toolset for making sense of the vast and complex data sets that have emerged in fields ranging from biology to finance to marketing to astrophysics in the past twenty years. This book presents some of the most important modeling and prediction techniques, along with relevant applications. Topics include linear regression, classification, resampling methods, shrinkage approaches, tree-based methods, support vector machines, clustering, and more. Color graphics and real-world examples are used to illustrate the methods presented. Since the goal of this textbook is to facilitate the use of these statistical learning techniques by practitioners in science, industry, and other fields, each chapter contains a tutorial on implementing the analyses and methods presented in R, an extremely popular open source statistical software platform.Two of the authors co-wrote The Elements of Statistical Learning (Hastie, Tibshirani and Friedman, 2nd edition 2009), a popular reference book for statistics and machine learning researchers. An Introduction to Statistical Learning covers many of the same topics, but at a level accessible to a much broader audience. This book is targeted at statisticians and non-statisticians alike who wish to use cutting-edge statistical learning techniques to analyze their data. The text assumes only a previous course in linear regression and no knowledge of matrix algebra.},
  AUTHOR = {James, Gareth and Witten, Daniela and Tibshirani, Robert and Hastie, Trevor},
  DATE = {2013},
  DOI = {10.1007/978-1-4614-7138-7},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/James et al. - 2013 - An Introduction to Statistical Learning with Applications in R.pdf:pdf},
  ISBN = {1461471389},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Book},
  PAGES = {431},
  TITLE = {{An Introduction to Statistical Learning with Applications in R}},
}

@ARTICLE{Kuperberg2016,
  ABSTRACT = {We consider several key aspects of prediction in language comprehension: its computational nature, the representational level(s) at which we predict, whether we use higher level representations to predictively pre-activate lower level representations, and whether we ‘commit' in any way to our predictions, beyond pre-activation. We argue that the bulk of behavioral and neural evidence suggests that we predict probabilistically and at multiple levels and grains of representation. We also argue that we can, in principle, use higher level inferences to predictively pre-activate information at multiple lower representational levels. We also suggest that the degree and level of predictive pre-activation might be a function of the expected utility of prediction, which, in turn, may depend on comprehenders' goals and their estimates of the relative reliability of their prior knowledge and the bottom-up input. Finally, we argue that all these properties of language understanding can be naturally explained and productively explored within a multi-representational hierarchical actively generative architecture whose goal is to infer the message intended by the producer, and in which predictions play a crucial role in explaining the bottom-up input.},
  AUTHOR = {Kuperberg, Gina R and Jaeger, T Florian},
  DATE = {2016},
  DOI = {10.1080/23273798.2015.1102299},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Kuperberg, Jaeger - 2016 - What do we mean by prediction in language comprehension.pdf:pdf},
  ISBN = {2327-3798 2327-3801},
  ISSN = {2327-3798},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Language Cognition {\&} Neuroscience},
  KEYWORDS = {generative,language comprehension,model,prediction error,probabilistic,surprisal},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {32--59},
  TITLE = {{What do we mean by prediction in language comprehension?}},
  VOLUME = {31},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Kleinschmidt2016,
  AUTHOR = {Kleinschmidt, Dave F and Jaeger, T Florian},
  EDITOR = {Trueswell, John and Papafragou, Anna and Grodner, Dan and Mirman, Dan},
  LOCATION = {Austin, TX},
  PUBLISHER = {Cognitive Science Society},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society},
  DATE = {2016},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Kleinschmidt, Jaeger - 2016 - What do you expect from an unfamiliar talker.pdf:pdf},
  KEYWORDS = {bayesian,cognitive science,experimental research with adult,guage understanding,humans,lan-,learning,linguistics,modeling,psychology,speech recognition},
  TITLE = {{What do you expect from an unfamiliar talker?}},
}

@ARTICLE{Clopper2006,
  ABSTRACT = {Recent findings have shown that listeners' region of origin and geographic mobility affect their perception of dialect-specific properties of speech in vowel identification and dialect categorization tasks. The present study examined the perceptual dialect classification performance of four groups of listeners using a six-alternative forced-choice categorization task. The residential history of the listeners was manipulated so that the four groups of listeners differed in terms of region of origin (Northern or Midland United States) and geographic mobility (Mobile or Non-Mobile). Although residential history did not significantly affect accuracy in the categorization task, both region of origin and geographic mobility were found to affect the underlying perceptual similarity structure of the different regional varieties. Geographically local dialects tended to be confused more often than nonlocal dialects, although this effect was attenuated by geographic mobility.},
  AUTHOR = {Clopper, Cynthia G and Pisoni, David B},
  ANNOTATION = {forced choice categorization for dialect from NSP (no training/feedback) good refs for previous work on dialect classification and effects of mobility on cross-dialect intelligibility etc.},
  DATE = {2006},
  DOI = {10.1017/S0954394506060091},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Clopper, Pisoni - 2006 - Effects of region of origin and geographic mobility on perceptual dialect categorization.pdf:pdf},
  ISBN = {1469-8021 (Electronic)$\backslash$r0954-3945 (Linking)},
  ISSN = {0954-3945},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Language variation and change},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {193--221},
  TITLE = {{Effects of region of origin and geographic mobility on perceptual dialect categorization.}},
  VOLUME = {18},
}

@ARTICLE{Clopper2007,
  ABSTRACT = {Recent studies have found that na??ve listeners perform poorly in forced-choice dialect categorization tasks. However, the listeners' error patterns in these tasks reveal systematic confusions between phonologically similar dialects. In the present study, a free classification procedure was used to measure the perceptual similarity structure of regional dialect variation in the United States. In two experiments, participants listened to a set of short English sentences produced by male talkers only (Experiment 1) and by male and female talkers (Experiment 2). The listeners were instructed to group the talkers by regional dialect into as many groups as they wanted with as many talkers in each group as they wished. Multidimensional scaling analyses of the data revealed three primary dimensions of perceptual similarity (linguistic markedness, geography, and gender). In addition, a comparison of the results obtained from the free classification task to previous results using the same stimulus materials in six-alternative forced-choice categorization tasks revealed that response biases in the six-alternative task were reduced or eliminated in the free classification task. Thus, the results obtained with the free classification task in the current study provided further evidence that the underlying structure of perceptual dialect category representations reflects important linguistic and sociolinguistic factors. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
  AUTHOR = {Clopper, Cynthia G and Pisoni, David B},
  DATE = {2007},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.wocn.2006.06.001},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Clopper, Pisoni - 2007 - Free classification of regional dialects of American English.pdf:pdf},
  ISBN = {0095-4470 (Electronic)$\backslash$r0095-4470 (Linking)},
  ISSN = {00954470},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Journal of Phonetics},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {421--438},
  TITLE = {{Free classification of regional dialects of American English}},
  VOLUME = {35},
}

@ARTICLE{Remez1997,
  ABSTRACT = {Accounts of the identification of words and talkers commonly rely on different acoustic properties. To identify a word, a perceiver discards acoustic aspects of an utterance that are talker specific, forming an abstract representation of the linguistic message with which to probe a mental lexicon. To identify a talker, a perceiver discards acoustic aspects of an utterance specific to particular phonemes, creating a representation of voice quality with which to search for familiar talkers in long-term memory. In 3 experiments, sinewave replicas of natural speech sampled from 10 talkers eliminated natural voice quality while preserving idiosyncratic phonetic variation. Listeners identified the sinewave talkers without recourse to acoustic attributes of natural voice quality. This finding supports a revised description of speech perception in which the phonetic properties of utterances serve to identify both words and talkers.},
  AUTHOR = {Remez, Robert E and Fellowes, Jennifer M and Rubin, Philip E},
  DATE = {1997},
  DOI = {10.1037/0096-1523.23.3.651},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Remez, Fellowes, Rubin - 1997 - Talker identification based on phonetic information.pdf:pdf},
  ISSN = {0096-1523},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance},
  KEYWORDS = {Adult,Aged,Humans,Middle Aged,Phonetics,Speech Acoustics,Speech Perception,Verbal Behavior,Vocabulary},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {651--666},
  TITLE = {{Talker identification based on phonetic information.}},
  VOLUME = {23},
}

@ARTICLE{Thomas2002,
  ABSTRACT = {Focuses on the sociophonetic applications of speech perception experiments. Importance of perception; Identification of the regional dialects of speakers; Utilization of types of perception experiments in examining socioliguistic questions.},
  AUTHOR = {Thomas, Erik R},
  ANNOTATION = {review of perception studies in sociophonetics up to 2002},
  DATE = {2002},
  DOI = {10.1215/00031283-77-2-115},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Thomas - 2002 - Sociophonetic Applications of Speech Perception Experiments.pdf:pdf},
  ISBN = {0003-1283},
  ISSN = {00031283},
  JOURNALTITLE = {American Speech},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {115},
  TITLE = {{Sociophonetic Applications of Speech Perception Experiments}},
  VOLUME = {77},
}

@ARTICLE{KleinschmidtInPress2017,
  ABSTRACT = {Social and linguistic perception are linked. On the one hand, talker identity affects speech perception. On the other hand, speech itself provides information about a talker's identity. Here we propose that the same probabilistic knowledge might underlie both socially-conditioned linguistic inferences and linguistically-conditioned social inferences. Our computational-level approach—the ideal adapter— starts from the idea that listeners use probabilistic knowledge of covariation between social, linguistic, and acoustic cues in order to infer the most likely explanation of the speech signals they hear. As a first step towards understanding social inferences in this framework, we use a simple ideal observer model to show that it would be possible to infer aspects of a talker's identity using cue distributions based on actual speech production data. This suggests the possibility of a single formal framework for social and linguistic inferences and the interactions between them.},
  AUTHOR = {Kleinschmidt, Dave F and Weatherholtz, Kodi and Jaeger, T Florian},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Kleinschmidt, Weatherholtz, Jaeger - Unknown - Sociolinguistic perception as inference under uncertainty.pdf:pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Topics in Cognitive Science},
  KEYWORDS = {phonetics,speech perception},
  TITLE = {{Sociolinguistic perception as inference under uncertainty}},
  VOLUME = {in press},
}

@ARTICLE{Eckert2012,
  ABSTRACT = {The treatment of social meaning in sociolinguistic variation has come in three waves of analytic practice. The first wave of variation stud- ies established broad correlations between linguistic variables and the macrosociological categories of socioeconomic class, sex, class, ethnic- ity, and age. The second wave employed ethnographic methods to ex- plore the local categories and configurations that inhabit, or constitute, these broader categories. In both waves, variation was seen as marking social categories. This article sets out a theoretical foundation for the third wave, arguing that (a) variation constitutes a robust social semi- otic system, potentially expressing the full range of social concerns in a given community; (b) the meanings of variables are underspecified, gainingmore specific meanings in the context of styles, and (c) variation does not simply reflect, but also constructs, social meaning and hence is a force in social change. 87},
  AUTHOR = {Eckert, Penelope},
  ANNOTATION = {Three waves: First wave: surveys. Labov/Trudgill. Broad social categories (socioeconomic hierarchy). Vernacular is "natural" and fixed during acquisition. Variation comes from self-monitoring to approximate standard (high class), not from positive indexical signaling. Second wave: ethnography, local perspective. STYLISTIC quality of linguistic variation, reflects local social structures/categories/variables},
  DATE = {2012},
  DOI = {10.1146/annurev-anthro-092611-145828},
  FILE = {::},
  ISSN = {0084-6570},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Annual Review of Anthropology},
  KEYWORDS = {enregisterment,indexicality,social meaning,style},
  PAGES = {87--100},
  TITLE = {{Three Waves of Variation Study: The Emergence of Meaning in the Study of Sociolinguistic Variation}},
  VOLUME = {41},
}

@INCOLLECTION{Podesva2001,
  AUTHOR = {Podesva, Robert Jay and Roberts, Sarah J. and Campbell-Kibler, Kathryn},
  EDITOR = {Campbell-Kibler, Kathryn and Podesva, Robert Jay and Roberts, Sarah J and Wong, Andrew},
  PUBLISHER = {CSLI Publications},
  BOOKTITLE = {Language and Sexuality: Contesting Meaning in Theory and Practice},
  DATE = {2001},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Podesva, Roberts, Campbell-Kibler - 2001 - Sharing resources and indexing meanings in the production of gay styles.pdf:pdf},
  PAGES = {175--189},
  TITLE = {{Sharing resources and indexing meanings in the production of gay styles}},
}

@ARTICLE{Podesva2007,
  ABSTRACT = {Although the field of sociolinguistics has witnessed a growing interest in the sociophonetic aspects of segmental and intonational variation, few studies have examined variation in voice quality. This paper addresses the gap by investigating the stylistic use of falsetto phonation. Focusing on the speech of Heath, a speaker exhibiting considerable cross-situational variation, I show that when attending a barbecue with friends, Heath's falsetto is more frequent, longer, and characterized by higher fundamental frequency (f0) levels and wider f0 ranges. Advancing recent approaches to variationwhich treat linguistic features as stylistic resources for constructing social meaning, I draw on an analysis of the discourse contexts in which falsetto appears to illustrate that the feature carries expressive connotations. This meaning is employed to construct a ‘diva' persona and may also participate in building a gay identity.},
  AUTHOR = {Podesva, Robert Jay},
  DATE = {2007},
  DOI = {10.1111/j.1467-9841.2007.00334.x},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Podesva - 2007 - Phonation type as a stylistic variable The use of falsetto in constructing a persona.pdf:pdf},
  ISBN = {1360-6441},
  ISSN = {13606441},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Journal of Sociolinguistics},
  KEYWORDS = {Falsetto,Persona,Phonation type,Sexuality,Social meaning,Stylistic variation},
  NUMBER = {4},
  PAGES = {478--504},
  TITLE = {{Phonation type as a stylistic variable: The use of falsetto in constructing a persona}},
  VOLUME = {11},
}

@INCOLLECTION{Foulkes2015a,
  AUTHOR = {Foulkes, Paul and Hay, Jennifer},
  EDITOR = {MacWhinney, Brian and O'Grady, William},
  LOCATION = {Malden, MA},
  PUBLISHER = {Wiley Blackwell},
  BOOKTITLE = {The Handbook of Language Emergence},
  DATE = {2015},
  EDITION = {First Edit},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Foulkes, Hay - 2015 - The Emergence of Sociophonetic Structure.pdf:pdf},
  ISBN = {978-1-118-30175-3},
  PAGES = {292--313},
  TITLE = {{The Emergence of Sociophonetic Structure}},
}

@ARTICLE{Levon2014,
  ABSTRACT = {This article examines how social stereotypes influence listeners' perceptions of indexical language. Building on recent developments in linguistics and social psychology, I investigate the extent to which stereotypical attitudes and beliefs about categories of speakers serve to enable the association of linguistic features with particular social meanings while simultaneously blocking others. My arguments are based on an analysis of listener percep- tions of the intersecting categories of gender, sexuality, and social class among men in the UK. Using a modified matched-guise paradigm to test three category-relevant variables (mean pitch, spectral characteristics of /s/, and TH-fronting), I demonstrate how the perception of social meaning is governed by a combination of both attitudinal and cognitive factors. This finding is important because it illustrates the listener-dependent nature of sociolinguistic perception. Moreover, it also provides further empirical support for an understanding of social meaning as an emergent property of language-in-use.},
  AUTHOR = {Levon, Erez},
  DATE = {2014},
  DOI = {10.1017/S0047404514000554},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Levon - 2014 - Categories, stereotypes, and the linguistic perception of sexuality.pdf:pdf},
  ISBN = {0047-4045},
  ISSN = {0047-4045},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Language in Society},
  NUMBER = {5},
  PAGES = {539--566},
  TITLE = {{Categories, stereotypes, and the linguistic perception of sexuality}},
  VOLUME = {43},
}

@ARTICLE{Holt2006c,
  ABSTRACT = {Adjacent speech, and even nonspeech, contexts influence phonetic categorization. Four experiments investigated how preceding sequences of sine-wave tones influence phonetic categorization. This experimental paradigm provides a means of investigating the statistical regularities of acoustic events that influence online speech categorization and, reciprocally, reveals regularities of the sound environment tracked by auditory processing. The tones comprising the sequences were drawn from distributions sampling different acoustic frequencies. Results indicate that whereas the mean of the distributions predicts contrastive shifts in speech categorization, variability of the distributions has little effect. Moreover, speech categorization is influenced by the global mean of the tone sequence, without significant influence of local statistical regularities within the tone sequence. Further arguing that the effect is strongly related to the average spectrum of the sequence, notched noise spectral complements of the tone sequences produce a complementary effect on speech categorization. Lastly, these effects are modulated by the number of tones in the acoustic history and the overall duration of the sequence, but not by the density with which the distribution defining the sequence is sampled. Results are discussed in light of stimulus-specific adaptation to statistical regularity in the acoustic input and a speculative link to talker normalization is postulated.},
  AUTHOR = {Holt, Lori L},
  DATE = {2006},
  DOI = {10.1121/1.2354071},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Holt - 2006 - The mean matters effects of statistically defined nonspeech spectral distributions on speech categorization.pdf:pdf},
  ISSN = {0001-4966},
  JOURNALTITLE = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
  KEYWORDS = {Acoustic Stimulation,Analysis of Variance,Female,Humans,Male,Phonetics,Pitch Perception,Pitch Perception: physiology,Sound Spectrography,Speech Acoustics,Speech Perception,Speech Perception: physiology},
  NUMBER = {5 Pt 1},
  PAGES = {2801--17},
  TITLE = {{The mean matters: effects of statistically defined nonspeech spectral distributions on speech categorization.}},
  VOLUME = {120},
}

@ARTICLE{Huang2012,
  ABSTRACT = {Perceptual aftereffects have been referred to as "the psychologist's microelectrode" because they can expose dimensions of representation through the residual effect of a context stimulus upon perception of a subsequent target. The present study uses such context-dependence to examine the dimensions of representation involved in a classic demonstration of "talker normalization" in speech perception. Whereas most accounts of talker normalization have emphasized talker-, speech-, or articulatory-specific dimensions' significance, the present work tests an alternative hypothesis: that the long-term average spectrum (LTAS) of speech context is responsible for patterns of context-dependent perception considered to be evidence for talker normalization. In support of this hypothesis, listeners' vowel categorization was equivalently influenced by speech contexts manipulated to sound as though they were spoken by different talkers and non-speech analogs matched in LTAS to the speech contexts. Since the non-speech contexts did not possess talker, speech, or articulatory information, general perceptual mechanisms are implicated. Results are described in terms of adaptive perceptual coding.},
  AUTHOR = {Huang, Jingyuan and Holt, Lori L},
  ANNOTATION = {LTAS adaptation model of vowel adaptation.},
  DATE = {2012},
  DOI = {10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00010},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Huang, Holt - 2012 - Listening for the norm adaptive coding in speech categorization.pdf:pdf},
  ISSN = {1664-1078},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  KEYWORDS = {ltas,speech perception,talker normalization,talker normalization,LTAS,speech perception},
  NUMBER = {February},
  PAGES = {10},
  TITLE = {{Listening for the norm: adaptive coding in speech categorization.}},
  VOLUME = {3},
}

@ARTICLE{Laing2012,
  ABSTRACT = {Voices have unique acoustic signatures, contributing to the acoustic variability listeners must contend with in perceiving speech, and it has long been proposed that listeners normalize speech perception to information extracted from a talker's speech. Initial attempts to explain talker normalization relied on extraction of articulatory referents, but recent studies of context-dependent auditory perception suggest that general auditory referents such as the long-term average spectrum (LTAS) of a talker's speech similarly affect speech perception. The present study aimed to differentiate the contributions of articulatory/linguistic versus auditory referents for context-driven talker normalization effects and, more specifically, to identify the specific constraints under which such contexts impact speech perception. Synthesized sentences manipulated to sound like different talkers influenced categorization of a subsequent speech target only when differences in the sentences' LTAS were in the frequency range of the acoustic cues relevant for the target phonemic contrast. This effect was true both for speech targets preceded by spoken sentence contexts and for targets preceded by non-speech tone sequences that were LTAS-matched to the spoken sentence contexts. Specific LTAS characteristics, rather than perceived talker, predicted the results suggesting that general auditory mechanisms play an important role in effects considered to be instances of perceptual talker normalization.},
  AUTHOR = {Laing, Erika J C and Liu, Ran and Lotto, Andrew J and Holt, Lori L},
  ANNOTATION = {manipulate lont-term auditory spectrum (LTAS) in F1 or F3 range with speech or non-speech stimuli, and test on /da/-/ga/ categorization (for which F3 is relevant but F1 not).},
  DATE = {2012},
  DOI = {10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00203},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Laing et al. - 2012 - Tuned with a Tune Talker Normalization via General Auditory Processes.pdf:pdf},
  ISSN = {1664-1078},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  KEYWORDS = {auditory perception,speech perception,speech perception,talker normalization,auditory,talker normalization},
  NUMBER = {June},
  PAGES = {203},
  TITLE = {{Tuned with a Tune: Talker Normalization via General Auditory Processes.}},
  VOLUME = {3},
}

@ARTICLE{Nearey1989,
  ABSTRACT = {The present work reviews theories and empirical findings, including results from two new experiments, that bear on the perception of English vowels, with an emphasis on the comparison of data analytic "machine recognition" approaches with results from speech perception experiments. Two major sources of variability (viz., speaker differences and consonantal context effects) are addressed from the classical perspective of overlap between vowel categories in F1 x F2 space. Various approaches to the reduction of this overlap are evaluated. Two types of speaker normalization are considered. "Intrinsic" methods based on relationships among the steady-state properties (F0, F1, F2, and F3) within individual vowel tokens are contrasted with "extrinsic" methods, involving the relationships among the formant frequencies of the entire vowel system of a single speaker. Evidence from a new experiment supports Ainsworth's (1975) conclusion [W. Ainsworth, Auditory Analysis and Perception of Speech (Academic, London, 1975)] that both types of information have a role to play in perception. The effects of consonantal context on formant overlap are also considered. A new experiment is presented that extends Lindblom and Studdert-Kennedy's finding [B. Lindblom and M. Studdert-Kennedy, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 43, 840-843 (1967)] of perceptual effects of consonantal context on vowel perception to /dVd/ and /bVb/ contexts. Finally, the role of vowel-inherent dynamic properties, including duration and diphthongization, is briefly reviewed. All of the above factors are shown to have reliable influences on vowel perception, although the relative weight of such effects and the circumstances that alter these weights remain far from clear. It is suggested that the design of more complex perceptual experiments, together with the development of quantitative pattern recognition models of human vowel perception, will be necessary to resolve these issues.},
  AUTHOR = {Nearey, Terrance M.},
  DATE = {1989},
  DOI = {10.1121/1.397861},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Nearey - 1989 - Static, dynamic, and relational properties in vowel perception.pdf:pdf},
  ISBN = {0001-4966 (Print)$\backslash$r0001-4966 (Linking)},
  ISSN = {0001-4966},
  JOURNALTITLE = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
  NUMBER = {5},
  PAGES = {2088--2113},
  TITLE = {{Static, dynamic, and relational properties in vowel perception}},
  VOLUME = {85},
}

@ARTICLE{Kleinschmidt2015b,
  AUTHOR = {Kleinschmidt, Dave F and Jaeger, T Florian},
  DATE = {2016},
  DOI = {10.3758/s13423-015-0943-z},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Kleinschmidt, Jaeger - 2016 - Re-examining selective adaptation Fatiguing feature detectors, or distributional learning.pdf:pdf},
  ISSN = {1069-9384},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Psychonomic Bulletin {\&} Review},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {678--691},
  TITLE = {{Re-examining selective adaptation: Fatiguing feature detectors, or distributional learning?}},
  VOLUME = {23},
}

@ARTICLE{Chodroff2017,
  ABSTRACT = {Variation across talkers in the acoustic-phonetic realization of speech sounds is a pervasive property of spoken language. The present study provides evidence that variation across talkers in the realization of American English stop consonants is highly structured. Positive voice onset time (VOT) was examined for all six word-initial stop categories in isolated productions of CVC syllables and in a multi-talker corpus of connected read speech. The mean VOT for each stop differed considerably across talkers, replicating previous findings, but importantly there were strong and statistically significant linear relations among the means (e.g., the mean VOTs of [pʰ] and [kʰ] were highly correlated across talkers, r{>}0.80). The pattern of VOT covariation was not reducible to differences in speaking rate or other factors known to affect the realization of stop consonants. These findings support a uniformity constraint on the talker-specific realization of a phonetic property, such as glottal spreading, that is shared by multiple speech sounds. Because uniformity implies mutual predictability, the findings also shed light on listeners׳ ability to generalize knowledge of a novel talker from one stop consonant to another. More broadly, structured variation of the kind investigated here indicates a relatively low-dimensional encoding of talker-specific phonetic realization in both speech production and speech perception.},
  AUTHOR = {Chodroff, Eleanor and Wilson, Colin},
  DATE = {2017},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.wocn.2017.01.001},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Chodroff, Wilson - 2017 - Structure in talker-specific phonetic realization Covariation of stop consonant VOT in American English.pdf:pdf;:home/dave/Documents/papers/Chodroff, Wilson - 2017 - Structure in talker-specific phonetic realization Covariation of stop consonant VOT in American English(2).pdf:pdf},
  ISSN = {00954470},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Journal of Phonetics},
  KEYWORDS = {Corpus phonetics,Phonetic covariation,Stop consonants,Talker variability,Voice onset time},
  PAGES = {30--47},
  TITLE = {{Structure in talker-specific phonetic realization: Covariation of stop consonant VOT in American English}},
  VOLUME = {61},
}

@ARTICLE{Kraljic2006,
  ABSTRACT = {Lexical context strongly influences listeners' identification of ambiguous sounds. For example, a sound midway between /f/ and /s/ is reported as /f/ in "sheri{\_}," but as /s/ in "Pari{\_}." Norris, McQueen, and Cutler (2003) have demonstrated that after hearing such lexically determined phonemes, listeners expand their phonemic categories to include more ambiguous tokens than before. We tested whether listeners adjust their phonemic categories for a specific speaker. Do listeners learn a particular speaker's "accent"? Similarly, we examined whether perceptual learning is specific to the particular ambiguous phonemes that listeners hear, or whether the adjustments generalize to related sounds. Participants heard ambiguous /d/ or /t/ phonemes during a lexical decision task. They then categorized sounds on /d/-/t/ and /b/-/p/ continua, either in the same voice that they had heard for lexical decision, or in a different voice. Perceptual learning generalized across both speaker and test continua: Changes in perceptual representations are robust and broadly tuned.},
  AUTHOR = {Kraljic, Tanya and Samuel, Arthur G},
  ANNOTATION = {Exposure to 20 critical words w/ ambiguous /t/d/. Perceptual learning transfers to /p/b/ continuum and across speakers. (ambiguous segments produced by mixing t- and d-containing pronunciations of each target, 21 different ways using three cues: amplitude weightings of t- and d-verisons, length of ?dt after vocing burst onset, length of silence before burst) experimental group hears ?dt in context of words, contrl group in context of nonwords. TESTING: heard b-p continuum first, then d-t. stronger effects on b-p (highly reliable effect of training on b-p, but not on d-t). effect ERODED by "dozens of test syllables".},
  DATE = {2006},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Kraljic, Samuel - 2006 - Generalization in perceptual learning for speech.pdf:pdf},
  ISSN = {1069-9384},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Psychonomic bulletin {\&} review},
  KEYWORDS = {Decision Making,Generalization (Psychology),Humans,Learning,Speech Perception,Vocabulary},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {262--8},
  TITLE = {{Generalization in perceptual learning for speech.}},
  VOLUME = {13},
}

@ARTICLE{Eisner2005,
  ABSTRACT = {We conducted four experiments to investigate the specificity of perceptual adjustments made to unusual speech sounds. Dutch listeners heard a female talker produce an ambiguous fricative [?] (between [f] and [s]) in [f]- or [s]-biased lexical contexts. Listeners with [f]-biased exposure (e.g., [witlo?]; from witlof, "chicory"; witlos is meaningless) subsequently categorized more sounds on an [epsilonf]-[epsilons] continuum as [f] than did listeners with [s]-biased exposure. This occurred when the continuum was based on the exposure talker's speech (Experiment 1), and when the same test fricatives appeared after vowels spoken by novel female and male talkers (Experiments 1 and 2). When the continuum was made entirely from a novel talker's speech, there was no exposure effect (Experiment 3) unless fricatives from that talker had been spliced into the exposure talker's speech during exposure (Experiment 4). We conclude that perceptual learning about idiosyncratic speech is applied at a segmental level and is, under these exposure conditions, talker specific.},
  AUTHOR = {Eisner, Frank and McQueen, James M},
  DATE = {2005},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Eisner, McQueen - 2005 - The specificity of perceptual learning in speech processing.pdf:pdf},
  ISSN = {0031-5117},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Perception {\&} Psychophysics},
  KEYWORDS = {Cognition,Discrimination Learning,Humans,Language,Phonetics,Psycholinguistics,Psycholinguistics: methods,Questionnaires,Speech Discrimination Tests,Speech Perception,Visual Perception},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {224--38},
  TITLE = {{The specificity of perceptual learning in speech processing.}},
  VOLUME = {67},
}

@ARTICLE{Jongman2000,
  ABSTRACT = {This study constitutes a large-scale comparative analysis of acoustic cues for classification of place of articulation in fricatives. To date, no single metric has been found to classify fricative place of articulation with a high degree of accuracy. This study presents spectral, amplitudinal, and temporal measurements that involve both static properties (spectral peak location, spectral moments, noise duration, normalized amplitude, and F2 onset frequency) and dynamic properties (relative amplitude and locus equations). While all cues (except locus equations) consistently serve to distinguish sibilant from nonsibilant fricatives, the present results indicate that spectral peak location, spectral moments, and both normalized and relative amplitude serve to distinguish all four places of fricative articulation. These findings suggest that these static and dynamic acoustic properties can provide robust and unique information about all four places of articulation, despite variation in speaker, vowel context, and voicing.},
  AUTHOR = {Jongman, Allard and Wayland, Ratree and Wong, Serena},
  DATE = {2000},
  DOI = {10.1121/1.1288413},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Jongman, Wayland, Wong - 2000 - Acoustic characteristics of English fricatives.pdf:pdf},
  ISSN = {00014966},
  JOURNALTITLE = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
  KEYWORDS = {Adult,Cues,Female,Humans,Language,Male,Phonetics,Speech,Speech Acoustics,Speech Perception,Speech Perception: physiology,Speech: physiology},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {1252},
  TITLE = {{Acoustic characteristics of English fricatives}},
  VOLUME = {108},
}

@ARTICLE{VanderZande2014,
  AUTHOR = {van der Zande, Patrick and Jesse, Alexandra and Cutler, Anne},
  PUBLISHER = {Elsevier},
  ANNOTATION = {/b/-/d/ AV recalibration and selective adaptation with two male speakers one exposure, one novel. exposure+test paradigm like Vroomen et al. small (but there) generalization for recalibration. complete generalization for selective adaptation},
  DATE = {2014},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.wocn.2014.01.003},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/van der Zande, Jesse, Cutler - 2014 - Cross-speaker generalisation in two phoneme-level perceptual adaptation processes.pdf:pdf},
  ISSN = {00954470},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Journal of Phonetics},
  PAGES = {38--46},
  TITLE = {{Cross-speaker generalisation in two phoneme-level perceptual adaptation processes}},
  VOLUME = {43},
}

@THESIS{Munson2011,
  AUTHOR = {Munson, Cheyenne M},
  INSTITUTION = {University of Iowa},
  DATE = {2011},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Munson - 2011 - Perceptual learning in speech reveals pathways of processing.pdf:pdf},
  NUMBER = {December},
  TITLE = {{Perceptual learning in speech reveals pathways of processing}},
  TYPE = {phdthesis},
}

@ARTICLE{Reinisch2014,
  ABSTRACT = {Listeners use lexical knowledge to retune phoneme categories. When hearing an ambiguous sound between /s/ and /f/ in lexically unambiguous contexts such as gira[s/f], listeners learn to interpret the sound as /f/ because gira[f] is a real word and gira[s] is not. Later, they apply this learning even in lexically ambiguous contexts (perceiving knife rather than nice). Although such retuning could help listeners adapt to foreign-accented speech, research has focused on single phonetic contrasts artificially manipulated to create ambiguous sounds; however, accented speech varies along many dimensions. It is therefore unclear whether analogies to adaptation to accented speech are warranted. In the present studies, the to-be-adapted ambiguous sound was embedded in a global foreign accent. In addition, conditions of cross-speaker generalization were tested with focus on the extent to which perceptual similarity between 2 speakers' fricatives is a condition for generalization to occur. Results showed that listeners retune phoneme categories manipulated within the context of a global foreign accent, and that they generalize this short-term learning to the perception of phonemes from previously unheard speakers. However, generalization was observed only when exposure and test speakers' fricatives were sampled across a similar perceptual space.},
  AUTHOR = {Reinisch, Eva and Holt, Lori L},
  DATE = {2014},
  DOI = {10.1037/a0034409},
  EPRINT = {NIHMS150003},
  EPRINTTYPE = {arXiv},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/Reinisch, Holt - 2014 - Lexically guided phonetic retuning of foreign-accented speech and its generalization(2).pdf:pdf;:home/dave/Documents/papers/Reinisch, Holt - 2014 - Lexically guided phonetic retuning of foreign-accented speech and its generalization.pdf:pdf},
  ISBN = {1939-1277 (Electronic)$\backslash$r0096-1523 (Linking)},
  ISSN = {1939-1277},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance},
  KEYWORDS = {*Phonetics,Adaptation,Adult,Generalization (Psychology)/*physiology,Humans,Psychological/*physiology,Speech Perception/*physiology,Speech/*physiology,Young Adult},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {539--55},
  TITLE = {{Lexically guided phonetic retuning of foreign-accented speech and its generalization.}},
  VOLUME = {40},
}

@ARTICLE{Kording2007,
  ABSTRACT = {Perceptual events derive their significance to an animal from their meaning about the world, that is from the information they carry about their causes. The brain should thus be able to efficiently infer the causes underlying our sensory events. Here we use multisensory cue combination to study causal inference in perception. We formulate an ideal-observer model that infers whether two sensory cues originate from the same location and that also estimates their location(s). This model accurately predicts the nonlinear integration of cues by human subjects in two auditory-visual localization tasks. The results show that indeed humans can efficiently infer the causal structure as well as the location of causes. By combining insights from the study of causal inference with the ideal-observer approach to sensory cue combination, we show that the capacity to infer causal structure is not limited to conscious, high-level cognition; it is also performed continually and effortlessly in perception.},
  AUTHOR = {Körding, Konrad P and Beierholm, Ulrik and Ma, Wei Ji and Quartz, Steven and Tenenbaum, Joshua B and Shams, Ladan},
  ANNOTATION = {From Duplicate 1 ( Causal inference in multisensory perception. - Körding, Konrad P; Beierholm, Ulrik; Ma, Wei Ji; Quartz, Steven; Tenenbaum, Joshua B; Shams, Ladan ) What's the effect of switching the order of the common-cause judgements with the localization judgements? From Duplicate 2 ( Causal inference in multisensory perception. - Körding, Konrad P; Beierholm, Ulrik; Ma, Wei Ji; Quartz, Steven; Tenenbaum, Joshua B; Shams, Ladan )},
  DATE = {2007},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.pone.0000943},
  FILE = {:home/dave/Documents/papers/K{\"{o}}rding et al. - 2007 - Causal inference in multisensory perception.pdf:pdf;:home/dave/Documents/papers/Körding et al. - 2007 - Causal inference in multisensory perception(2).pdf:pdf},
  ISSN = {1932-6203},
  JOURNALTITLE = {PLoS ONE},
  KEYWORDS = {Afferent,Afferent: physiology,Auditory Perception,Auditory Perception: physiology,Bayes Theorem,Brain,Brain: physiology,Cues,Humans,Neurons,Space Perception,Space Perception: physiology,Task Performance and Analysis,Visual Perception,Visual Perception: physiology},
  NUMBER = {9},
  PAGES = {e943},
  TITLE = {{Causal inference in multisensory perception.}},
  VOLUME = {2},
}