- choose
void-live-x86_64-YYYYMMDD.iso - as of this writing (2020-03-20) the newest one is void-live-x86_64-20191109.iso
- tested on VirtualBox 6.1 with the folllowing parameters:
- system: chipset: ICH9, enable EFI, RAM: 2GB, 2 CPUs, enable nested VT-x/AMD-V
- 3 SATA hard disks hanging of AHCI controller - 2 for mirror and the other 10GB for temp installation
- IDE-CD-Rom on IDE PIIX4 controller.
- bridged network adaptor Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktopm, Promiscuous Mode: Allow VMs
- Best to remove all hard disks, except the installation target
- Boot the default option, login as
root password voidlinux
- start bash
bash
- refresh xbps repo:
xbps-install -Sy
- update void installer and install gpt disk utils:
xbps-install -y void-installer gptfdisk
- find the USB drive:
fdisk -l # list all drives
- and zap it (all data will be gone)
sgdisk --zap-all /dev/sdc # <-- here /dev/sdc is the USB hard disk
- run void-installer
void-installer
- keyboard:
us
- network: select interfaces and use
dhcp
- source:
network
- hostname:
void-zfs
- locale:
en_US.UTF-8
- timezone:
Asia/Bangkok
- rootpassword: whatever you want
- useraccount:
void with whatever password you want
- note the groups:
wheel, floppy, audio, video, cdrom, optical, kvm, xbuilder
- bootloader: select the temp disk/USB disk, no graphical terminal
- partition: choose the temp disk/USB disk: label-type
gpt
- new partition: size
512M type: EFI System
- new partition: size (whatever is left) type:
Linux filesystem
- choose
write and confirm writing, then quit
- filesystem:
- choose first
512M partition and use vfat FAT32 filesystem, mounted at /boot/efi
- choose the second partition and use 'ext4
filesystem, mounted at/`
- Install. Wait a while...
- Exit (do not reboot) the installer.
- start sshd and SSH into the machine
sv start sshd
ip addr show
- SSH in as user
anon with password voidlinux and become root
sudo bash
- mount
/dev /proc sys / and /boot/efi from the installation
fdisk -l # check the device & partition numbers (like /dev/sdc1 & /dev/sdc2)
rm -rf /mnt/void
mkdir -p /mnt/void/{dev,proc,sys,boot/efi}
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/void/boot/efi
mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/void
mount --rbind --make-rslave /dev /mnt/void/dev
mount --rbind --make-rslave /proc /mnt/void/proc
mount --rbind --make-rslave /sys /mnt/void/sys
- chroot into installation
chroot /mnt/void /bin/bash
- check the mount points:
mount | grep -E "^/dev/sd"
output should have 2 lines, as follows:
/dev/sda2 on / type ext4 (rw,relatime)
/dev/sda1 on /boot/efi type vfat (rw,relatime,...
- if there is any partition missing, mount it:
- if
/dev/sda1 is missing: mount /dev/sda1 /boot/efi
- if
/dev/sda2 is missing: mount /dev/sda2 /
- Install grub for removable drive. The key is
--removable flag for grub-install
BOOTLOADER_ID=$(ls /boot/efi/EFI/ || echo GRUB)
echo $BOOTLOADER_ID
grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id=$BOOTLOADER_ID --removable
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
- Check for UUID consistency of
/boot/grub/grub.cfg
grep -E "[[:space:]]/boot/.*[[:space:]]root=UUID=" /boot/grub/grub.cfg
should return several lines with root=UUID=xxxxxxxxxxxx but all UUID's are the same. compare the UUID with UUID returned by
ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid/
The UUID in /boot/grub/grub.cfg should match the UUID of the root partition of the installation.
- put in generic DNS servers in
/etc/resolv.conf:
cat > /etc/resolv.conf << EOF
nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 8.8.4.4
nameserver 1.1.1.1
EOF
- exit chroot:
exit
- Reboot into this new installation:
- login as
root with the password you set earlier
- sync repo and install
openssh for ease of access:
xbps-install -S
xbps-install -y openssh
- modify
sshd so root can log in:
cat >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config << EOF
PermitRootLogin yes
EOF
- start sshd service
ln -s /etc/sv/sshd /var/service
sv up sshd
ip addr show # show the ip address to SSH in
- Now you can ssh in the box and copy & paste easier: login as
root and your password
bash # something less painful than sh
xbps-install -y zfs # put ZFS on this new installation
- check the zfs installation
modprobe zfs
lsmod | grep zfs
zfs --version
- install gpt disk utils and nano:
xbps-install -y gptfdisk nano
- change default shell for
root to bash:
usermod -s /bin/bash root
- prolong life of USB disk
- by making mounted filesystems with
noatime:
sed -i -E 's/^(UUID.*)defaults(.*)$/\1noatime\2/g' /etc/fstab
- by mounting
/tmp /var/tmp /var/log on tmpfs:
cat >> /etc/fstab << EOF
tmpfs /var/tmp tmpfs defaults,nosuid,nodev 0 0
tmpfs /var/log tmpfs defaults,nosuid,nodev 0 0
EOF
- make
sudo run without typing in password:
sed -E 's|^#?[ \t]*(\%wheel ALL=\(ALL\) ALL.*)$|#\1|g' /etc/sudoers | EDITOR=tee visudo
sed -E 's|^#?[ \t]*(\%wheel ALL=\(ALL\) NOPASSWD.*)$|\1|g' /etc/sudoers | EDITOR=tee visudo
- make note for users when boot
cat >> /etc/issue << EOF
Void-ZFS-Installer
------------------
Login as root:<yourRootPasswordHere>
or void:<yourVoidPasswordHere>
EOF
- poweroff. this media is ready for the next step
poweroff
- boot from void linux installation generated from part 1
- log in as
root and use password set from installation
- get the ip address
ip addr show
- now we can go in via SSH and do copy & paste! SSH in and login as
root
- check that zfs module is running:
modprobe zfs # should return nothing
lsmod | grep zfs # should return many modules, especially zfs and spl
zfs --version # should return version >= 0.8.3 as of 2020-03-20
- update repo
xbps-install -S
- list disks by id
ls -lF /dev/disk/by-id and look for the target hard disks
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Mar 20 21:01 ata-VBOX_HARDDISK_VB33cf0a30-97d0c313 -> ../../sdb
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Mar 20 21:01 ata-VBOX_HARDDISK_VBb1ae8a4d-06eb7d1d -> ../../sda
- We will use
/dev/sda id as $DISK1 and /dev/sdb id as $DISK2 for the following example:
DISK1=/dev/disk/by-id/ata-VBOX_HARDDISK_VBb1ae8a4d-06eb7d1d
DISK2=/dev/disk/by-id/ata-VBOX_HARDDISK_VB33cf0a30-97d0c313
- wipe both disks (
sgdisk installed by gptfdisk package):
sgdisk --zap-all $DISK1 ; udevadm settle
sgdisk --zap-all $DISK2 ; udevadm settle
each command should return:
Creating new GPT entries in memory.
GPT data structures destroyed! You may now partition the disk using fdisk or other utilities.
- create UEFI partition for booting (there's a report can't find reference that UEFI partition < 512M causes problem with some motherboard:
sgdisk -n1:1M:+512M -t1:EF00 $DISK1
udevadm settle
mkfs.fat -F 32 -n EFI ${DISK1}-part1
udevadm settle
sgdisk -n1:1M:+512M -t1:EF00 $DISK2
udevadm settle
mkfs.fat -F 32 -n EFI ${DISK2}-part1
udevadm settle
- create ZFS partitions for boot:
sgdisk -n2:0:+1G -t2:BF00 $DISK1
sgdisk -n2:0:+1G -t2:BF00 $DISK2
udevadm settle
- create ZFS partition for root:
sgdisk -n3:0:0 -t3:BF00 $DISK1
sgdisk -n3:0:0 -t3:BF00 $DISK2
udevadm settle
- ZFS pool names cannot contain
- because of this Dracut bug
- create boot pool (bpool) with features incompatible for grub disabled. (see step 2.4) for parameters compatible with GRUB:
BPOOL=bpool # must not contain -
zpool create -o ashift=12 -d \
-o feature@async_destroy=enabled \
-o feature@bookmarks=enabled \
-o feature@embedded_data=enabled \
-o feature@empty_bpobj=enabled \
-o feature@enabled_txg=enabled \
-o feature@extensible_dataset=enabled \
-o feature@filesystem_limits=enabled \
-o feature@hole_birth=enabled \
-o feature@large_blocks=enabled \
-o feature@lz4_compress=enabled \
-o feature@spacemap_histogram=enabled \
-o feature@userobj_accounting=enabled \
-o feature@zpool_checkpoint=enabled \
-o feature@spacemap_v2=enabled \
-o feature@project_quota=enabled \
-o feature@resilver_defer=enabled \
-o feature@allocation_classes=enabled \
-O acltype=posixacl -O canmount=off -O compression=lz4 -O devices=off \
-O normalization=formD -O atime=off -O xattr=sa \
-O mountpoint=none -R /mnt -f $BPOOL mirror ${DISK1}-part2 ${DISK2}-part2
- create root pool (rpool) (use
ashift=13 for Samsung SSD):
- note, there's a choice between
-O relatime=on or -O atime=off here. Read more about it [ here | here | here ]
RPOOL=rpool # must not contain -
zpool create -o ashift=12 \
-O acltype=posixacl -O canmount=off -O compression=lz4 \
-O dnodesize=auto -O normalization=formD -O atime=off -O xattr=sa \
-O mountpoint=none -R /mnt \
-f $RPOOL mirror ${DISK1}-part3 ${DISK2}-part3
- create containers for $BPOOL and $RPOOL
zfs create -o mountpoint=none -o canmount=off $BPOOL/BOOT
zfs create -o mountpoint=none -o canmount=off $RPOOL/ROOT
- read create your datasets
zfs create -o mountpoint=/ -o atime=off $RPOOL/ROOT/default
zfs create -o mountpoint=/home -o atime=off $RPOOL/home
zfs create -o mountpoint=/root -o atime=off $RPOOL/home/root
zfs create -o mountpoint=/var/cache/xbps -o atime=off $RPOOL/pkgcache
#zfs create -o mountpoint=legacy -o atime=off $BPOOL/BOOT/default
zfs create -o mountpoint=/boot -o atime=off $BPOOL/BOOT/default
- Configure root filesystem
zfs unmount -a
zfs set mountpoint=/ $RPOOL/ROOT/default
zfs set mountpoint=/home $RPOOL/home
zfs set mountpoint=/root $RPOOL/home/root
zfs set mountpoint=/boot $BPOOL/BOOT/default
zfs set mountpoint=/var/cache/xbps $RPOOL/pkgcache
- Export pools:
zpool export $BPOOL
zpool export $RPOOL
- Re-import pools:
rm -rf /mnt
zpool import -d /dev/disk/by-id -R /mnt $RPOOL
zpool import -d /dev/disk/by-id -R /mnt $BPOOL
- Disable cache files:
zpool set cachefile=none $BPOOL
zpool set cachefile=none $RPOOL
- make efi mount points and mount them:
mkdir -p /mnt/{efi1,efi2}
mount -t vfat ${DISK1}-part1 /mnt/efi1
mount -t vfat ${DISK2}-part1 /mnt/efi2
- check the work:
findmnt | grep /mnt # check that /mnt, /mnt/boot, /mnt/root, /mnt/home, /mnt/ef1, /mnt/efi2 are mounted
- make the
/mnt folders:
mkdir -p /mnt/{boot,dev,proc,run,sys}
- mount
/dev /proc /run /sys in /mnt
mount --rbind /dev /mnt/dev
mount --rbind /proc /mnt/proc
mount --rbind /run /mnt/run
mount --rbind /sys /mnt/sys
- Install! Can choose a different repo from this list. Add
/current after the URL from the list.
xbps-install -S -R http://alpha.de.repo.voidlinux.org/current -r /mnt base-system
- install some additional stuff as well here:
xbps-install -S -R http://alpha.de.repo.voidlinux.org/current -r /mnt \
nano bash-completion wget curl htop zstd bridge-utils
- save environment variables for use later, if necessary:
cat > /mnt/root/vars.sh << EOF
DISK1=$DISK1
DISK2=$DISK2
RPOOL=$RPOOL
BPOOL=$BPOOL
EOF
- chroot into /mnt:
chroot /mnt /usr/bin/env DISK1=$DISK1 DISK2=$DISK2 BPOOL=$BPOOL RPOOL=$RPOOL /bin/bash
- get resolv.conf up and test the network
cat > /etc/resolv.conf << EOF
nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 8.8.4.4
nameserver 1.1.1.1
EOF
ping -c 3 google.com # should work now
- sync repo and install ZFS
xbps-install -S
xbps-install -y zfs
- get zfs
bash-completion installed:
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openzfs/zfs/master/contrib/bash_completion.d/zfs -O /usr/share/bash-completion/completions/zfs
- set timezone: list timezones by
ls -F /usr/share/zoneinfo/
rm -f /etc/localtime
ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Bangkok /etc/localtime
hwclock --systohc # generate /etc/adjtime and set HW RTC to UTC
- set locale [ void-wiki-locale ]:
sed -i -E 's/^(LANG=).*$/\1en_US.UTF-8/g' /etc/locale.conf
- uncomment the needed locale from
/etc/default/libc-locales
sed -i -E 's/^#?[ \t]*(en_US\.UTF-8.*)$/\1/g' /etc/default/libc-locales
- rebuild GNU lib locales:
xbps-reconfigure -f glibc-locales
- export
LANG and LC_COLLATE environment vars:
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
export LC_COLLATE=C
- set timezone (void-wiki-timezone), keymap, and font in
/etc/rc.conf
# set timezone
sed -i -E 's|#?(TIMEZONE=).*|\1"Asia\/Bangkok"|g' /etc/rc.conf
# set keymap to us
sed -i -E 's|#?(KEYMAP=).*|\1"us"|g' /etc/rc.conf
# set font only for 4k display -- see fonts in /usr/share/kbd/consolefonts/
sed -i -E 's|#?(FONT=).*|\1"latarcyrheb-sun32"|g' /etc/rc.conf
- set hostname and edit
/etc/hosts file:
HOSTNAME=void-zfs # change hostname to whatever you want
echo $HOSTNAME > /etc/hostname
# sed -i -E 's|(127\.0\.0\.1).*|\1\t\tlocalhost|g' /etc/hosts
# sed -i -E 's|(::1).*|\1\t\t\tlocalhost|g' /etc/hosts
sed -i -E 's|^(::1.*)$|\1\n127.0.1.1\t\t'"$HOSTNAME"'|g' /etc/hosts
- enable
dhcpcd service
ln -s /etc/sv/dhcpcd /var/service/
# sv up dhcpcd
sv status dhcpcd
- enable
sshd service
ln -s /etc/sv/sshd /var/service
- add useful aliases to
/etc/skel/.bashrc
cat >> /etc/skel/.bashrc << EOF
if [[ \$USER != "root" ]]; then
PS1="\[\e[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\e[01;34m\] \w \\\\$\[\e[0m\] "
else
PS1="\[\e[01;31m\]\u@\h\[\e[01;34m\] \w \\\\$\[\e[0m\] "
fi
alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'
alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'
alias grep='grep --color=auto'
alias l='ls -CF'
alias la='ls -A'
alias ll='ls -alF'
alias ls='ls --color=auto'
export EDITOR=nano
EOF
- copy
/etc/skel/.bash* to /root and make root user bin/bash as shell
cp /etc/skel/.bash* /root
usermod -s /bin/bash root
- set root password
# echo "root:abc" | chpasswd # DON'T USE - chpasswd is broken in void linux
passwd root
- add another user, just in case root can't log in:
useradd -m -s /bin/bash user
usermod -aG wheel user
# echo "user:pass" | chpasswd # DON'T USE - chpasswd is broken in void linux
passwd user
- check the
/etc/shadow file to see that the password is changed
- run
visudo for the new user:
- add
/var/tmp as tmpfs in /etc/fstab
cat >> /etc/fstab << EOF
tmpfs /var/tmp tmpfs defaults,nosuid,nodev 0 0
EOF
- add 2 EFI partitions to
/etc/fstab
echo PARTUUID=$(blkid -s PARTUUID -o value ${DISK1}-part1) \
/efi1 vfat nofail,noatime,defaults 0 0 >> /etc/fstab
echo PARTUUID=$(blkid -s PARTUUID -o value ${DISK2}-part1) \
/efi2 vfat nofail,noatime,defaults 0 0 >> /etc/fstab
- install grub and efibootmgr
xbps-install -y grub-x86_64-efi
- test that grub can read
/boot
ZPOOL_VDEV_NAME_PATH=1 grub-probe /boot # should return "zfs"
- install grub
BOOTLOADER_ID=GRUB
ZPOOL_VDEV_NAME_PATH=1 grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/efi1 --bootloader-id=$BOOTLOADER_ID
- configure
/etc/dracut.conf with hostonly="no" and remove btrfs module
cat >> /etc/dracut.conf << EOF
hostonly="no"
omit_dracutmodules+="btrfs"
# compress="lz4"
EOF
- modify
/etc/default/grub - add root=ZFS=$RPOOL/ROOT/default
[[ -f /etc/default/grub.original ]] && cp /etc/default/grub.original /etc/default/grub
cp /etc/default/grub /etc/default/grub.original
# add GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="root=ZFS=$RPOOL/ROOT/default"
if grep -qE "^GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=" /etc/default/grub ; then
echo "found CMDLINE_LINUX="
sed -i -E 's/^(GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=")/\1root=ZFS='"$RPOOL"'\/ROOT\/default /g' /etc/default/grub
elif grep -qE "^GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=" /etc/default/grub ; then
echo "not found CMDLINE_LINUX= found CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="
sed -i -E 's|^(GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=.*)$|\1\nGRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="root=ZFS='"$RPOOL"'/ROOT/default"|g' /etc/default/grub
elif grep -qE "^#?[[:space:]]*GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=" /etc/default/grub ; then
echo "not found CMDLINE_LINUX= not found CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT= found DISTRIBUTOR="
sed -i -E 's|^(#?[ \t]*GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=.*)$|\1\nGRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="root=ZFS='"$RPOOL"'/ROOT/default"|g' /etc/default/grub
else
echo "***ERROR!**** no GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR found!"
fi
# add GRUB_RECORDFAIL_TIMEOUT=5
sed -i -E 's/(^GRUB_TIMEOUT=)[0-9]+$/\15\nGRUB_RECORDFAIL_TIMEOUT=5/g' /etc/default/grub
# remove "quiet" from GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT
sed -i -E 's/(^GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=")(.*)(quiet)(.*)(")/\1\2\4\5/g' /etc/default/grub
- grub-mkconfig:
mkdir -p /boot/grub
ZPOOL_VDEV_NAME_PATH=1 grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
- set zpool cachefile
zpool set cachefile=/etc/zfs/zpool.cache $RPOOL
zpool set cachefile=/etc/zfs/zpool.cache $BPOOL
- force update dracut efibootmgr grub
KERNELPKG=$(xbps-query -l | grep "Linux kernel and modules" | sed -E '/source headers/d; s/^ii[ \t]+(linux[^ \t]+)[ \t]+.*$/\1/g')
xbps-reconfigure -f $KERNELPKG
KERNELVER=$(echo $KERNELPKG | sed -E 's/linux[0-9\.]+-//g')
dracut --force --kver $KERNELVER
ZPOOL_VDEV_NAME_PATH=1 grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
- sanity check:
lsinitrd should contain both zfs.ko and zpool.cache, and /boot/grub/grub.cfg contains root=ZFS=$RPOOL/ROOT/default
lsinitrd /boot/initramfs-${KERNELVER}.img | grep -E "zfs\.ko|zpool\.cache" # output should have 2 lines with zfs.ko.gz and zpool.cache
grep -E "linux[[:space:]]+/BOOT/.*[[:space:]]+root=ZFS=""$RPOOL""/ROOT/default" /boot/grub/grub.cfg # shouldn't be empty
- rsync
/efi1 and /efi2 and install efibootmgr
xbps-install -y rsync
rsync -Rai --stats --human-readable --delete --verbose --progress /efi1/./ /efi2
efibootmgr -c -g -d $DISK2 -p 1 -L "${BOOTLOADER_ID}-2" -l '\EFI\'"$BOOTLOADER_ID"'\grubx64.efi'
- save environment variables:
cat > ~/vars.sh << EOF
# installation vars
export DISK1=$DISK1
export DISK2=$DISK2
export BPOOL=$BPOOL
export RPOOL=$RPOOL
export BOOTLOADER_ID=$BOOTLOADER_ID
export KERNELPKG=$KERNELPKG
export KERNELVER=$KERNELVER
EOF
- exit chroot
exit
- unmount filesystem:
umount -R /mnt
zfs unmount -a
- export $RPOOL and $BPOOL
zpool export $RPOOL
zpool export $BPOOL
- poweroff, remove USB device, and restart
poweroff
- login as
root and remove extraneous entry from grub boot menu
source ~/vars.sh
ZPOOL_VDEV_NAME_PATH=1 grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
- after first boot, become
root
zfs list
# if $BPOOL is not mounted or missing, then
source ~/vars.sh
zpool import $BPOOL
this has to be done only once.
- after
$RPOOL and $BPOOL are mounted, take snapshot of the clean system
source ~root/vars.sh
zfs snapshot $BPOOL/BOOT/default@clean
zfs snapshot $RPOOL/ROOT/default@clean
Void on ZFS is far better with ZFSBootMenu, so I consider this gist as outdated.
You should prefer: