kurahaupo · January 14, 2015 02:00
diff --git a/chresolvconf b/chresolvconf
 #!/bin/bash

 # Update /etc/resolv.conf but keep it unwritable, even by root-owned processes.
 # Useful to stop WiFi and/or DHCP from messing with it, and quite essential when
 # there are multiple managers for different interface types.
 #
 # Because symlinks don't work, instead we bind-mount an appropriate file onto
 # /etc/resolv.conf, chosen from those in ~/.resolvconf.d/.
 #
 # Since BIND is running locally, almost all the time that will work, so it's the
 # default if nothing else is loaded.

 erc=/etc/resolv.conf
 xdir=${HOME:-~martin.k}/.resolvconf.d/

 (( EUID == 0 )) || exec sudo $0 "$@"

 false=0 true=1

 dhcp=true
 role=
 verbose=true _v=
 dry_run=false _n=
 debug=false _x=

 die() {
    RESULT=$? SUCCESS=0 FAILURE=1 OK=0 USAGE=64 DATAERR=65 NOINPUT=66 NOUSER=67
    NOHOST=68 UNAVAILABLE=69 SOFTWARE=70 OSERR=71 OSFILE=72 CANTCREAT=73
    IOERR=74 TEMPFAIL=75 PROTOCOL=76 NOPERM=77 CONFIG=78
    ((e=${1#EX*_})) ; shift
    echo >&2 "$*"
    exit $e
 }

 [[ "$*" = "-h" || "$*" = "--h"* && "--help" = "$*"* ]] && { cat <<EndOfHelp ; exit 0 ; }
 $0 --help
 $0 [-q | -v[v...]] [-d DIR] [-r ROLE]

 Roles are: $( cd $xdir ; echo * )
 EndOfHelp

 true=1 false=0
 while (($#)) ; do
    case $1 in
    (--)        shift ; break ;;
    (-)         role=localhost ;;
    (-q)        verbose=false _v= ;;
    (-v)        verbose=true  _v=${_v:--}v ;;
    (-D|--dir)  xdir=$2 ; shift ;;
    (-d|--dhcp) dhcp=true ;;
    (-n|--dry*run) dry_run=true _n=-n ;;
    (-nd|--no-dhcp|--nodhcp) dhcp=false ;;
    (-r|--role) role=$2 ; shift ;;
    (-x|--debug) debug=true _x=-x ;;

    (-[Dr]?*)   set -- "${1:0:2}"  "${1:2}" "${@:2}" ; continue ;;
    (-[^-]?*)   set -- "${1:0:2}" "-${1:2}" "${@:2}" ; continue ;;
    (--*=*)     set -- "${1%%=*}" "${1#*=}" "${@:2}" ; continue ;;
    (-*)        die EX_USAGE "Invalid option '$1'; try '${0##*/} --help'" ;;
    (*)         break ;;
    esac
    shift
 done

 : ${role:=$1}

 :|sort_array() {
    local ___cmp=$1 ___v=$2 ___n ___i ___j a b
    eval "((___n=\${!$___v[@]}))"
    local ___vi="$___v[___i]"
    local ___vj="$___v[___j]"
    # stretch the size for sparse arrays
    for (( ___i=0 ; ___i<___n ; ++___i )) do
        [[ -n "${!___vi+X}" ]] || ((++___n))
    done
    # plain bubble-sort
    for (( ___i=0 ; ___i<___n ; ++___i )) do
        [[ -n "${!___vi+X}" ]] || continue
        for (( ___j=___i+1 ; ___j<___n ; ++___j )) do
            [[ -n "${!___vj+X}" ]] || continue
            set -- "${!___vi}" "${!___vj}"
            eval "$___cmp" || {
                printf -v "$___vi" -- %s "$2"
                printf -v "$___vj" -- %s "$1"
            }
        done
    done
 }

 :!sort_array() {
    local ___cmp=$1 ___vptr=$2 ___changed=0
    local ___vref="$___vptr[@]"
    local -a ___array=("${!___vref}")
    local ___n ___i ___j a b
    for ((___n=${#___array[@]},___i=0;___i<___n;___i++)) do
        for ((___j=___i+1;___j<___n;___j++)) do
            set -- "${___array[___i]}" "${___array[___j]}"
            eval "$___cmp" ||
                ___array[___i]="$b" \
                ___array[___j]="$a" \
                ___changed=1
        done
    done
    ((___changed)) && eval "$___vptr=(\"\${___array[@]}\")"
 }

 ___eswap() {
    # NB relies on dynamic scoping for ___array
    local x="${___array[$1]}"
    ___array[$1]="${___array[$2]}"
    ___array[$2]="$x"
 }

 sort_array() {
    local ___cmp=$1
    local -n ___array=$2
    local ___n ___i ___j
    for ((___n=${#___array[@]},___i=0;___i<___n;___i++)) do
        for ((___j=___i+1;___j<___n;___j++)) do
            set -- "${___array[___i]}" "${___array[___j]}"
            eval "$___cmp" ||
                ___eswap $___i $___j
        done
    done
 }

 if $debug || :
 then
    no_debug() {
        local _oldx=$-
        set +x
        "$@"
        local r=$?
        if [[ $_oldx = *x* ]] ; then set -x ; else set +x ; fi
        return $r
    }
    with_debug() {
        local _oldx=$-
        set -x
        "$@"
        local r=$?
        if [[ $_oldx = *x* ]] ; then set -x ; else set +x ; fi
        return $r
    }
 else
    no_debug() {
        "$@"
    }
    with_debug() {
        "$@"
    }
 fi

 case $role in
 none)
    ns=()
    ;;
 dhcp|'')
    rolefiles=($( find /var/lib/dhcp /var/lib/NetworkManager \( -name \*.leases -o -name \*.lease \) -mmin -1440 -print ))
    (( ${#rolefiles[@]} )) || die EX_TEMPFAIL "Can't find a recent DHCP lease (less than 2 hours old)"
    no_debug sort_array '[[ $2 -nt $1 ]]' rolefiles

    $debug && ls -ldU "${rolefiles[@]}"

    ns=()
    printf -v tn '%(%Y%m%d%H%M%S)T' -1
    while read t lease
    do
        (( t>=tn )) &&
        IFS=, read -r -a ns <<<"$lease"
    done < <(
        # extract all the known leases; fold up each one into a single line,
        # then prefix that line with its expiry time as yyyymmddHHMMSS; then
        # sort by those times newest-last, so that later ones will override
        # older ones
        sed -n 's#^ *##
                /^#/d
                /{/{
                    s#.*##
                    x
                    d
                }
                /}/!{
                    H
                    d
                }
                x
                s#\n# #g
                s#\(.*;\) expire[^;]*\([12][09][0-9][0-9]\)/\([01][0-9]\)/\([0-3][0-9]\) \([0-2][0-9]\):\([0-5][0-9]\):\([0-5][0-9]\)#\2\3\4\5\6\7 &#
                s# .* option domain-name-servers  *\([0-9.,]*\);.*#  \1#p
                ' "${rolefiles[@]}" </dev/null |
        sort -r
    )

  # # Sort rolefiles into time-order
  # ns=($( sed -ne '
  #                   /^}/bo
  #                       s/^ *//
  #                       /^option /!d
  #                       s/^option  *//
  #                       /^domain-name-servers  *[0-9.,]*;*$/!d
  #                       /^domain-name[^ ]*  *[0-9.,]*;*$/!d
  #                       s/^[^ ]*  *//
  #                       s/;$//
  #                       s/,/ /g
  #                       H
  #                       bl
  #                   :o
  #                       s/.*//
  #                       x
  #                       bl
  #                   :l
  #                   $p
  #               ' "${rolefiles[@]}" </dev/null ))

    (( ${#ns[@]} )) || echo >&2 "No 'option domain-name*' in ${rolefiles[*]}"
    ;;
 *)  ns=( ${role//,/\ } ) ;;
 esac

 # (Sort and) prune duplicates
 for i in ${!ns[@]}
 do
    [[ ${ns[i]-__UnSeT__uNsEt__} = __UnSeT__uNsEt__ ]] ||
    for j in ${!ns[@]}
    do
        (( i<j )) || continue
        if [[ ${ns[i]} = ${ns[j]} ]]
        then
            unset 'ns[j]'
        elif [[ ${ns[i]} > ${ns[j]} ]] && false
        then
            ti=${ns[i]} tj=${ns[j]}
            ns[i]=$tj ns[j]=$ti
        fi
    done
 done

 any_match() {
    local f="$1" g ; shift
    for g do
        [[ $f =~ $g ]] && return 0
    done
    return 1
 }

 all_match() {
    local f="$1" g ; shift
    for g do
        [[ $f =~ $g ]] || return 1
    done
    return 0
 }

 if all_match 'localhost|0.0.0.0|127.0.0.1' "${ns[@]}"
 then
    # includes case where ns array is empty
    frc=
    if $dry_run
    then
        echo >&2 "Would use local resolver"
    elif $verbose
    then
        echo >&2 "Using local resolver"
    fi
 else
    nsx="${ns[*]}"
    frc=$xdir${nsx//\ /+}
    if [[ -e $frc ]]
    then
        if [[ ! -f $frc ]]
        then die EX_NOINPUT "'$frc' is not a regular file"
        elif ! grep -qs '^nameserver ' "$frc"
        then die EX_PROTOCOL "'$frc' does not contain a 'nameserver' statement"
        fi

        if $dry_run
        then
            echo >&2 "Would use $frc"
        elif $verbose
        then
            echo >&2 "Using '$frc'"
        fi
    else
        for ip in ${ns[@]} ; do [[ -z ${ip//[.0-9]/} && $ip = *.*.*.* && $ip != *.*.*.*.* && .$ip != *..* ]] || die EX_PROTOCOL "Nameserver '$ip' isn't IPv4 addresses" ; done
        if $dry_run
        then
            echo >&2 "Would create '$frc' with [${ns[*]}]"
        else
            $verbose && echo >&2 "Creating '$frc' with [${ns[*]}]"
            printf 'nameserver %s\n' "${ns[@]}" >"$frc"
            #for ip in ${ns[@]} ; do echo "nameserver $ip" ; done >"$frc"
        fi
    fi

    if $dry_run
    then
        echo >&2 "Would make '$frc' unwritable"
      # if [[ -h $frc ]]
      # then hrc=$( readlink -e "$frc" ) || die EX_OSERR "Can't canonicalize '$frc'"
      #      [[ $frc != $hrc ]] && echo >&2 "Have canonicalized '$frc' to '$hrc'"
      # else hrc=$frc
      # fi
      # echo >&2 "Would enforce immutability on '$hrc'"
    else
        [[ ! -w $frc ]] || {
            $verbose && echo >&2 "Making '$frc' unwritable"
            chmod -c a-xw "$frc" || die EX_OSERR "Can't fix permissions on '$frc'"
        }
      # if [[ -h $frc ]]
      # then hrc=$( readlink -e "$frc" ) || die EX_OSERR "Can't canonicalize $frc"
      #      $verbose && [[ $frc != $hrc ]] && echo >&2 "Have canonicalized '$frc' to '$hrc'"
      # else hrc=$frc
      # fi
      # $verbose && echo >&2 "Enforcing immutability on '$hrc'"
      # chattr +i "$hrc" || die EX_OSERR "Can't enforce immutability on '$hrc'"
    fi
 fi

 if $dry_run
 then
    ! grep -qs "$erc" /proc/mounts ||   echo >&2 "Would unmount current '$erc'"
    [[ -z $frc ]]                  ||   echo >&2 "Would mount '$frc' on '$erc'"
 else
    ! grep -qs "$erc" /proc/mounts || { echo >&2 "Unmounting current '$erc'"
                                        umount  "$erc" ||
                                            die EX_OSERR "Can't unmount old '$erc'"         ; }
    # Note: bind-mounting with *different* options requires *two* mount
    # commands; see the man page excerpt at the foot of this script.
    [[ -z $frc ]]                  || { echo >&2 "Mounting '$frc' on '$erc'"
                                        mount --bind "$frc" "$erc" ||
                                            die EX_OSERR "Can't bind-mount '$frc' as new '$erc'"
                                        mount -o remount,bind,ro "$frc" "$erc" ||
                                            die EX_OSERR "Can't remount '$erc' with ro"
                                        }
 fi

 ((verbose)) && grep '^nameserver ' "$erc"

 : <<EOF

 [From «man mount» apropos «--bind»]

    Note  that  the  filesystem mount options will remain the same as those on
    the original mount point, and cannot be changed by passing the -o option
    along with --bind/--rbind. The mount options can be changed by a separate
    remount command, for example:

        mount --bind olddir newdir
        mount -o remount,ro newdir

    Note that behavior of the remount operation depends on the /etc/mtab file.
    The first command stores the 'bind' flag to the /etc/mtab file and the
    second command reads the flag from the file. If you have a system
    without the /etc/mtab file or if you explicitly define source and target
    for the remount command (then mount(8) does not read /etc/mtab), then you
    have to use bind flag (or option) for the remount command too. For
    example:

        mount --bind olddir newdir
        mount -o remount,ro,bind olddir newdir

 EOF
	#!/bin/bash

	# Update /etc/resolv.conf but keep it unwritable, even by root-owned processes.
	# Useful to stop WiFi and/or DHCP from messing with it, and quite essential when
	# there are multiple managers for different interface types.
	#
	# Because symlinks don't work, instead we bind-mount an appropriate file onto
	# /etc/resolv.conf, chosen from those in ~/.resolvconf.d/.
	#
	# Since BIND is running locally, almost all the time that will work, so it's the
	# default if nothing else is loaded.

	erc=/etc/resolv.conf
	xdir=${HOME:-~martin.k}/.resolvconf.d/

	(( EUID == 0 )) \|\| exec sudo $0 "$@"

	false=0 true=1

	dhcp=true
	role=
	verbose=true _v=
	dry_run=false _n=
	debug=false _x=

	die() {
	RESULT=$? SUCCESS=0 FAILURE=1 OK=0 USAGE=64 DATAERR=65 NOINPUT=66 NOUSER=67
	NOHOST=68 UNAVAILABLE=69 SOFTWARE=70 OSERR=71 OSFILE=72 CANTCREAT=73
	IOERR=74 TEMPFAIL=75 PROTOCOL=76 NOPERM=77 CONFIG=78
	((e=${1#EX*_})) ; shift
	echo >&2 "$*"
	exit $e
	}

	[[ "$" = "-h" \|\| "$" = "--h"* && "--help" = "$" ]] && { cat <<EndOfHelp ; exit 0 ; }
	$0 --help
	$0 [-q \| -v[v...]] [-d DIR] [-r ROLE]

	Roles are: $( cd $xdir ; echo * )
	EndOfHelp

	true=1 false=0
	while (($#)) ; do
	case $1 in
	(--) shift ; break ;;
	(-) role=localhost ;;
	(-q) verbose=false _v= ;;
	(-v) verbose=true _v=${_v:--}v ;;
	(-D\|--dir) xdir=$2 ; shift ;;
	(-d\|--dhcp) dhcp=true ;;
	(-n\|--dry*run) dry_run=true _n=-n ;;
	(-nd\|--no-dhcp\|--nodhcp) dhcp=false ;;
	(-r\|--role) role=$2 ; shift ;;
	(-x\|--debug) debug=true _x=-x ;;

	(-[Dr]?*) set -- "${1:0:2}" "${1:2}" "${@:2}" ; continue ;;
	(-[^-]?*) set -- "${1:0:2}" "-${1:2}" "${@:2}" ; continue ;;
	(--=) set -- "${1%%=}" "${1#=}" "${@:2}" ; continue ;;
	(-) die EX_USAGE "Invalid option '$1'; try '${0##/} --help'" ;;
	(*) break ;;
	esac
	shift
	done

	: ${role:=$1}

	:\|sort_array() {
	local ___cmp=$1 ___v=$2 ___n ___i ___j a b
	eval "((___n=\${!$___v[@]}))"
	local ___vi="$___v[___i]"
	local ___vj="$___v[___j]"
	# stretch the size for sparse arrays
	for (( ___i=0 ; ___i<___n ; ++___i )) do
	[[ -n "${!___vi+X}" ]] \|\| ((++___n))
	done
	# plain bubble-sort
	for (( ___i=0 ; ___i<___n ; ++___i )) do
	[[ -n "${!___vi+X}" ]] \|\| continue
	for (( ___j=___i+1 ; ___j<___n ; ++___j )) do
	[[ -n "${!___vj+X}" ]] \|\| continue
	set -- "${!___vi}" "${!___vj}"
	eval "$___cmp" \|\| {
	printf -v "$___vi" -- %s "$2"
	printf -v "$___vj" -- %s "$1"
	}
	done
	done
	}

	:!sort_array() {
	local ___cmp=$1 ___vptr=$2 ___changed=0
	local ___vref="$___vptr[@]"
	local -a ___array=("${!___vref}")
	local ___n ___i ___j a b
	for ((___n=${#___array[@]},___i=0;___i<___n;___i++)) do
	for ((___j=___i+1;___j<___n;___j++)) do
	set -- "${___array[___i]}" "${___array[___j]}"
	eval "$___cmp" \|\|
	___array[___i]="$b" \
	___array[___j]="$a" \
	___changed=1
	done
	done
	((___changed)) && eval "$___vptr=(\"\${___array[@]}\")"
	}

	___eswap() {
	# NB relies on dynamic scoping for ___array
	local x="${___array[$1]}"
	___array[$1]="${___array[$2]}"
	___array[$2]="$x"
	}

	sort_array() {
	local ___cmp=$1
	local -n ___array=$2
	local ___n ___i ___j
	for ((___n=${#___array[@]},___i=0;___i<___n;___i++)) do
	for ((___j=___i+1;___j<___n;___j++)) do
	set -- "${___array[___i]}" "${___array[___j]}"
	eval "$___cmp" \|\|
	___eswap $___i $___j
	done
	done
	}

	if $debug \|\| :
	then
	no_debug() {
	local _oldx=$-
	set +x
	"$@"
	local r=$?
	if [[ $_oldx = x ]] ; then set -x ; else set +x ; fi
	return $r
	}
	with_debug() {
	local _oldx=$-
	set -x
	"$@"
	local r=$?
	if [[ $_oldx = x ]] ; then set -x ; else set +x ; fi
	return $r
	}
	else
	no_debug() {
	"$@"
	}
	with_debug() {
	"$@"
	}
	fi

	case $role in
	none)
	ns=()
	;;
	dhcp\|'')
	rolefiles=($( find /var/lib/dhcp /var/lib/NetworkManager \( -name \.leases -o -name \.lease \) -mmin -1440 -print ))
	(( ${#rolefiles[@]} )) \|\| die EX_TEMPFAIL "Can't find a recent DHCP lease (less than 2 hours old)"
	no_debug sort_array '[[ $2 -nt $1 ]]' rolefiles

	$debug && ls -ldU "${rolefiles[@]}"

	ns=()
	printf -v tn '%(%Y%m%d%H%M%S)T' -1
	while read t lease
	do
	(( t>=tn )) &&
	IFS=, read -r -a ns <<<"$lease"
	done < <(
	# extract all the known leases; fold up each one into a single line,
	# then prefix that line with its expiry time as yyyymmddHHMMSS; then
	# sort by those times newest-last, so that later ones will override
	# older ones
	sed -n 's#^ *##
	/^#/d
	/{/{
	s#.*##
	x
	d
	}
	/}/!{
	H
	d
	}
	x
	s#\n# #g
	s#\(.;\) expire[^;]\([12][09][0-9][0-9]\)/\([01][0-9]\)/\([0-3][0-9]\) \([0-2][0-9]\):\([0-5][0-9]\):\([0-5][0-9]\)#\2\3\4\5\6\7 &#
	s# .* option domain-name-servers \([0-9.,]\);.*# \1#p
	' "${rolefiles[@]}" </dev/null \|
	sort -r
	)

	# # Sort rolefiles into time-order
	# ns=($( sed -ne '
	# /^}/bo
	# s/^ *//
	# /^option /!d
	# s/^option *//
	# /^domain-name-servers [0-9.,];*$/!d
	# /^domain-name[^ ]* [0-9.,];*$/!d
	# s/^[^ ]* *//
	# s/;$//
	# s/,/ /g
	# H
	# bl
	# :o
	# s/.*//
	# x
	# bl
	# :l
	# $p
	# ' "${rolefiles[@]}" </dev/null ))

	(( ${#ns[@]} )) \|\| echo >&2 "No 'option domain-name' in ${rolefiles[]}"
	;;
	*) ns=( ${role//,/\ } ) ;;
	esac

	# (Sort and) prune duplicates
	for i in ${!ns[@]}
	do
	[[ ${ns[i]-__UnSeT__uNsEt__} = __UnSeT__uNsEt__ ]] \|\|
	for j in ${!ns[@]}
	do
	(( i<j )) \|\| continue
	if [[ ${ns[i]} = ${ns[j]} ]]
	then
	unset 'ns[j]'
	elif [[ ${ns[i]} > ${ns[j]} ]] && false
	then
	ti=${ns[i]} tj=${ns[j]}
	ns[i]=$tj ns[j]=$ti
	fi
	done
	done

	any_match() {
	local f="$1" g ; shift
	for g do
	[[ $f =~ $g ]] && return 0
	done
	return 1
	}

	all_match() {
	local f="$1" g ; shift
	for g do
	[[ $f =~ $g ]] \|\| return 1
	done
	return 0
	}

	if all_match 'localhost\|0.0.0.0\|127.0.0.1' "${ns[@]}"
	then
	# includes case where ns array is empty
	frc=
	if $dry_run
	then
	echo >&2 "Would use local resolver"
	elif $verbose
	then
	echo >&2 "Using local resolver"
	fi
	else
	nsx="${ns[*]}"
	frc=$xdir${nsx//\ /+}
	if [[ -e $frc ]]
	then
	if [[ ! -f $frc ]]
	then die EX_NOINPUT "'$frc' is not a regular file"
	elif ! grep -qs '^nameserver ' "$frc"
	then die EX_PROTOCOL "'$frc' does not contain a 'nameserver' statement"
	fi

	if $dry_run
	then
	echo >&2 "Would use $frc"
	elif $verbose
	then
	echo >&2 "Using '$frc'"
	fi
	else
	for ip in ${ns[@]} ; do [[ -z ${ip//[.0-9]/} && $ip = ... && $ip != ....* && .$ip != .. ]] \|\| die EX_PROTOCOL "Nameserver '$ip' isn't IPv4 addresses" ; done
	if $dry_run
	then
	echo >&2 "Would create '$frc' with [${ns[*]}]"
	else
	$verbose && echo >&2 "Creating '$frc' with [${ns[*]}]"
	printf 'nameserver %s\n' "${ns[@]}" >"$frc"
	#for ip in ${ns[@]} ; do echo "nameserver $ip" ; done >"$frc"
	fi
	fi

	if $dry_run
	then
	echo >&2 "Would make '$frc' unwritable"
	# if [[ -h $frc ]]
	# then hrc=$( readlink -e "$frc" ) \|\| die EX_OSERR "Can't canonicalize '$frc'"
	# [[ $frc != $hrc ]] && echo >&2 "Have canonicalized '$frc' to '$hrc'"
	# else hrc=$frc
	# fi
	# echo >&2 "Would enforce immutability on '$hrc'"
	else
	[[ ! -w $frc ]] \|\| {
	$verbose && echo >&2 "Making '$frc' unwritable"
	chmod -c a-xw "$frc" \|\| die EX_OSERR "Can't fix permissions on '$frc'"
	}
	# if [[ -h $frc ]]
	# then hrc=$( readlink -e "$frc" ) \|\| die EX_OSERR "Can't canonicalize $frc"
	# $verbose && [[ $frc != $hrc ]] && echo >&2 "Have canonicalized '$frc' to '$hrc'"
	# else hrc=$frc
	# fi
	# $verbose && echo >&2 "Enforcing immutability on '$hrc'"
	# chattr +i "$hrc" \|\| die EX_OSERR "Can't enforce immutability on '$hrc'"
	fi
	fi

	if $dry_run
	then
	! grep -qs "$erc" /proc/mounts \|\| echo >&2 "Would unmount current '$erc'"
	[[ -z $frc ]] \|\| echo >&2 "Would mount '$frc' on '$erc'"
	else
	! grep -qs "$erc" /proc/mounts \|\| { echo >&2 "Unmounting current '$erc'"
	umount "$erc" \|\|
	die EX_OSERR "Can't unmount old '$erc'" ; }
	# Note: bind-mounting with different options requires two mount
	# commands; see the man page excerpt at the foot of this script.
	[[ -z $frc ]] \|\| { echo >&2 "Mounting '$frc' on '$erc'"
	mount --bind "$frc" "$erc" \|\|
	die EX_OSERR "Can't bind-mount '$frc' as new '$erc'"
	mount -o remount,bind,ro "$frc" "$erc" \|\|
	die EX_OSERR "Can't remount '$erc' with ro"
	}
	fi

	((verbose)) && grep '^nameserver ' "$erc"

	: <<EOF

	[From «man mount» apropos «--bind»]

	Note that the filesystem mount options will remain the same as those on
	the original mount point, and cannot be changed by passing the -o option
	along with --bind/--rbind. The mount options can be changed by a separate
	remount command, for example:

	mount --bind olddir newdir
	mount -o remount,ro newdir

	Note that behavior of the remount operation depends on the /etc/mtab file.
	The first command stores the 'bind' flag to the /etc/mtab file and the
	second command reads the flag from the file. If you have a system
	without the /etc/mtab file or if you explicitly define source and target
	for the remount command (then mount(8) does not read /etc/mtab), then you
	have to use bind flag (or option) for the remount command too. For
	example:

	mount --bind olddir newdir
	mount -o remount,ro,bind olddir newdir

	EOF