An event sourcing example minus the cruft to illustrate basic principles of an event store

EventSourcing.cs

using Newtonsoft.Json;
using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;

namespace EventSourcingExample
{
    struct Event
    {
        public int Id { get; }
        public string StreamId { get; }
        public int SequenceNumber { get; }
        public JToken Payload { get; }
        public DateTimeOffset Created { get; }

        public Event(int id, string streamId, int sequenceNumber, JToken payload, DateTimeOffset? created = null)
        {
            this.Id = id;
            this.StreamId = streamId;
            this.SequenceNumber = sequenceNumber;
            this.Payload = payload;
            this.Created = created ?? DateTimeOffset.UtcNow;
        }
    }

    class EventStore
    {
        private readonly List<Event> _store;
        private readonly Dictionary<string, List<int>> _index;

        public EventStore()
        {
            _store = new List<Event>();
            _index = new Dictionary<string, List<int>>();
        }

        public void Append(IEnumerable<Event> uncommitted)
        {
            var store = _store; // List<Event>
            var index = _index; // Dictionary<string, List<int>>

            foreach (var e in uncommitted)
            {
                var id = store.Count + 1; // 1 based
                if (index.TryGetValue(e.StreamId, out var stream))
                {
                    if (!(e.SequenceNumber == stream.Count + 1))
                        throw new InvalidOperationException($"data race detected ({e.StreamId}/{e.SequenceNumber})");
                    stream.Add(id);
                }
                else
                {
                    if (!(e.SequenceNumber == 1))
                        throw new InvalidOperationException($"data race detected ({e.StreamId}/{e.SequenceNumber})");
                    index.Add(e.StreamId, new List<int> { id });
                }
                store.Add(new Event(id, e.StreamId, e.SequenceNumber, e.Payload, e.Created));
            }
        }

        public IEnumerable<Event> GetEnumerableStream(string streamId, int minSequenceNumber = 1, int maxSequenceNumber = int.MaxValue)
        {
            var store = _store; // List<Event>
            var index = _index; // Dictionary<string, List<int>>

            if (index.TryGetValue(streamId, out var stream))
            {
                var upperBound = Math.Min(maxSequenceNumber, stream.Count);
                for (int i = minSequenceNumber - 1; i < upperBound; i++)
                {
                    yield return store[stream[i] - 1];
                }
            }
        }

        public IEnumerable<Event> GetEnumerable(int minId = 1, int maxId = int.MaxValue)
        {
            var store = _store;

            var upperBound = Math.Min(maxId, store.Count);
            for (int i = minId - 1; i < upperBound; i++)
            {
                yield return store[i];
            }
        }
    }

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            CreateUserExample();
        }

        private static void CreateUserExample()
        {
            var es = new EventStore();

            CreateUser("[email protected]", es);

            ChangeUserName("[email protected]", "[email protected]", es);

            Console.WriteLine(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(es.GetEnumerable(), Formatting.Indented));

            ProjectUserTable(es);

            // we can also compute a running total like this, 
            // there's no need to query the database for the
            // information, we can create many online algorithms like this
            // the efficently compute the next "value" as needed

            var userCount = AggregateUserCount(0, es.GetEnumerable(1, 1));
            Console.WriteLine(userCount);
            var userCount2 = AggregateUserCount(userCount, es.GetEnumerable(2, 2));
            Console.WriteLine(userCount2);
            var userCount3 = AggregateUserCount(userCount2, es.GetEnumerable(3, 3));
            Console.WriteLine(userCount3);
        }

        private static void CreateUser(string userName, EventStore es)
        {
            // for simplicity sake, use `userName` as `streamId`
            var stream = es.GetEnumerableStream(userName);
            if (stream.Any())
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException("user exists");
            }
            var e = new Event(0, userName, 1, new JObject { { "@type", "userCreated" }, { "userName", userName } });
            es.Append(new[] { e });
        }

        private static void ChangeUserName(string currentUserName, string newUserName, EventStore es)
        {
            var stream1 = es.GetEnumerableStream(currentUserName);
            if (!stream1.Any())
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException("user does not exist");
            }
            // the check below is redundant because the event store 
            // will not allow an existing event to be overwritten
            //var stream2 = es.GetStream(currentUserName);
            //if (stream2.Any())
            //{
            //    throw new InvalidOperationException("user exists");
            //}
            var last = stream1.Last();
            var e1 = new Event(0, currentUserName, last.SequenceNumber + 1, new JObject { { "@type", "userNameChanged" }, { "newUserName", newUserName } });
            var e2 = new Event(0, newUserName, 1, new JObject { { "@type", "userCreated" }, { "userName", newUserName } });
            es.Append(new[] { e2, e1 });
        }

        class UserEntity
        {
            public string UserName { get; set; }
            public List<string> UserNameHistory { get; set; }
        }

        private static void ProjectUserTable(EventStore es)
        {
            var userTable = new Dictionary<string, UserEntity>();

            foreach (var e in es.GetEnumerable())
            {
                switch ((string)e.Payload["@type"])
                {
                    case "userCreated":
                        {
                            userTable[e.StreamId] = new UserEntity { UserName = (string)e.Payload["userName"] };
                            break;
                        }
                    case "userNameChanged":
                        {
                            // given the order in which these are created
                            // we can assume that the old user exists (no need to double check that)
                            // and given we create the new user before we issue the rename
                            // we don't have to check that the new user exists either
                            // we do however have to ensure that the list is not null

                            var currentUser = userTable[e.StreamId];
                            userTable.Remove(e.StreamId);
                            var newUser = userTable[(string)e.Payload["newUserName"]];
                            if (newUser.UserNameHistory == null)
                            {
                                newUser.UserNameHistory = new List<string>();
                            }
                            newUser.UserNameHistory.Add(e.StreamId);
                            break;
                        }
                }

                Console.WriteLine(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(userTable, Formatting.Indented));
            }
        }

        private static int AggregateUserCount(int count, IEnumerable<Event> source)
        {
            foreach (var e in source)
            {
                switch ((string)e.Payload["@type"])
                {
                    case "userCreated":
                        {
                            count++;
                            break;
                        }
                    case "userNameChanged":
                        {
                            count--;
                            break;
                        }
                }
            }
            return count;
        }
    }
}