XOR in C++

XOR.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <bitset>

static const std::string base64_chars = 
             "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
             "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
             "0123456789+/";

std::string base64_encode(unsigned char const* , unsigned int len);
std::string base64_decode(std::string const& s);
std::string XOR(std::string value, std::string key);

static inline bool is_base64(unsigned char c) {
  return (isalnum(c) || (c == '+') || (c == '/'));
}

std::string base64_encode(unsigned char const* bytes_to_encode, unsigned int in_len) {
  std::string ret;
  int i = 0;
  int j = 0;
  unsigned char char_array_3[3];
  unsigned char char_array_4[4];

  while (in_len--) {
    char_array_3[i++] = *(bytes_to_encode++);
    if (i == 3) {
      char_array_4[0] = (char_array_3[0] & 0xfc) >> 2;
      char_array_4[1] = ((char_array_3[0] & 0x03) << 4) + ((char_array_3[1] & 0xf0) >> 4);
      char_array_4[2] = ((char_array_3[1] & 0x0f) << 2) + ((char_array_3[2] & 0xc0) >> 6);
      char_array_4[3] = char_array_3[2] & 0x3f;

      for(i = 0; (i <4) ; i++)
        ret += base64_chars[char_array_4[i]];
      i = 0;
    }
  }

  if (i)
  {
    for(j = i; j < 3; j++)
      char_array_3[j] = '\0';

    char_array_4[0] = (char_array_3[0] & 0xfc) >> 2;
    char_array_4[1] = ((char_array_3[0] & 0x03) << 4) + ((char_array_3[1] & 0xf0) >> 4);
    char_array_4[2] = ((char_array_3[1] & 0x0f) << 2) + ((char_array_3[2] & 0xc0) >> 6);
    char_array_4[3] = char_array_3[2] & 0x3f;

    for (j = 0; (j < i + 1); j++)
      ret += base64_chars[char_array_4[j]];

    while((i++ < 3))
      ret += '=';

  }

  return ret;

}

std::string base64_decode(std::string const& encoded_string) {
  int in_len = encoded_string.size();
  int i = 0;
  int j = 0;
  int in_ = 0;
  unsigned char char_array_4[4], char_array_3[3];
  std::string ret;

  while (in_len-- && ( encoded_string[in_] != '=') && is_base64(encoded_string[in_])) {
    char_array_4[i++] = encoded_string[in_]; in_++;
    if (i ==4) {
      for (i = 0; i <4; i++)
        char_array_4[i] = base64_chars.find(char_array_4[i]);

      char_array_3[0] = (char_array_4[0] << 2) + ((char_array_4[1] & 0x30) >> 4);
      char_array_3[1] = ((char_array_4[1] & 0xf) << 4) + ((char_array_4[2] & 0x3c) >> 2);
      char_array_3[2] = ((char_array_4[2] & 0x3) << 6) + char_array_4[3];

      for (i = 0; (i < 3); i++)
        ret += char_array_3[i];
      i = 0;
    }
  }

  if (i) {
    for (j = i; j <4; j++)
      char_array_4[j] = 0;

    for (j = 0; j <4; j++)
      char_array_4[j] = base64_chars.find(char_array_4[j]);

    char_array_3[0] = (char_array_4[0] << 2) + ((char_array_4[1] & 0x30) >> 4);
    char_array_3[1] = ((char_array_4[1] & 0xf) << 4) + ((char_array_4[2] & 0x3c) >> 2);
    char_array_3[2] = ((char_array_4[2] & 0x3) << 6) + char_array_4[3];

    for (j = 0; (j < i - 1); j++) ret += char_array_3[j];
  }

  return ret;
}

std::string XOR(std::string value, std::string key)
{
  std::string retval(value);
  long unsigned int klen = key.length();
  long unsigned int vlen = value.length();
  unsigned long int k = 0;
  unsigned long int v = 0;
  for (; v < vlen; v++) {
    retval[v] = value[v] ^ key[k];
    k = (++k < klen ? k : 0);
  }
  return retval;
}

/*
// The following functions are untested
std::string AND(std::string value, std::string key)
{
  uint32_t klen = key.length();
  uint32_t vlen = value.length();
  uint32_t max_len = (klen > vlen) ? klen : vlen;
  char * ret_str = (char *)calloc(max_len, sizeof(char));
  const char * v_str = value.c_str();
  const char * k_str = key.c_str();
  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < max_len; i++)
  {
    if (i >= klen || i >= vlen)
      ret_str[i] = 0x00;
    else
      ret_str[i] = v_str[i] & k_str[i];
  }
  std::string to_return(ret_str);
  free(ret_str);
  return to_return;
}

std::string NOT(std::string value)
{
  const char v_str = value.c_str();
  char * ret_str = (char *)calloc(value.size(), sizeof(char));
  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < value.size(); i++)
  {
    ret_str[i] = ~(v_str[i]);
  }
  string to_return(ret_str);
  free(ret_str);
  return to_return;
}

std::string OR(std::string value, std::string key)
{
  uint32_t klen = key.length();
  uint32_t vlen = value.length();
  uint32_t max_len = (klen > vlen) ? klen : vlen;
  char * ret_str = (char *)calloc(max_len, sizeof(char));
  const char * v_str = value.c_str();
  const char * k_str = key.c_str();
  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < max_len; i++)
  {
    if (i >= klen || i >= vlen)
    {
      ret_str[i] = (klen > vlen) ? k_str[i] : v_str[i];
    }
    else
    {
      ret_str[i] = v_str[i] | k_str[i];
    }
  }
  std::string to_return(ret_str);
  free(ret_str);
  return to_return;
}
*/

int main(void) {
  const std::string a = "hello?";
  const std::string b = "world!";

  std::string c = XOR(a, b);
  
  //std::cout << "original: " << std::hex << c << std::endl;
  std::string encoded = base64_encode(reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(c.c_str()), c.length());
  std::string decoded = base64_decode(encoded);

  std::cout << "encoded: " << encoded << std::endl;
  //std::cout << "decoded: " << std::hex << decoded << std::endl;
  if(c.compare(decoded) == 0) {
    std::cout << "same!" << std::endl;
  } else {
    std::cout << "different!" << std::endl;
  }
  std::string d = XOR(c, b);
  std::cout << "original a: " << a << std::endl;
  std::cout << "original d: " << d << std::endl;

  const std::string e = "hello&world!";
  encoded = base64_encode(reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(e.c_str()), e.length());
  decoded = base64_decode(encoded);

  std::cout << "original: " << e << std::endl;
  std::cout << "encoded: " << encoded << std::endl;
  std::cout << "decoded: " << decoded << std::endl;

  const std::string r("Official NBC site for primetime, daytime and late night television shows. Television (TV) network includes soap opera, reality shows and more. Find additional");
  std::string s("");
  s += r[9];
  s += r[19];
  s += r[0];
  s += r[96];
  std::cout << "output:" << r[9] << r[19] << r[0] << r[96] << std::endl;
  std::cout << "output:" << s << std::endl;
  return 0;
}

g++ -Wall -o xor xor.cpp