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用JS计算字符所占字节数
/**
 * 计算字符串所占的内存字节数,默认使用UTF-8的编码方式计算,也可制定为UTF-16
 * UTF-8 是一种可变长度的 Unicode 编码格式,使用一至四个字节为每个字符编码
 *
 * 000000 - 00007F(128个代码)      0zzzzzzz(00-7F)                             一个字节
 * 000080 - 0007FF(1920个代码)     110yyyyy(C0-DF) 10zzzzzz(80-BF)             两个字节
 * 000800 - 00D7FF
 * 00E000 - 00FFFF(61440个代码)    1110xxxx(E0-EF) 10yyyyyy 10zzzzzz           三个字节
 * 010000 - 10FFFF(1048576个代码)  11110www(F0-F7) 10xxxxxx 10yyyyyy 10zzzzzz  四个字节
 *
 * 注: Unicode在范围 D800-DFFF 中不存在任何字符
 * {@link http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8}
 *
 * UTF-16 大部分使用两个字节编码,编码超出 65535 的使用四个字节
 * 000000 - 00FFFF  两个字节
 * 010000 - 10FFFF  四个字节
 *
 * {@link http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-16}
 * @param  {String} str
 * @param  {String} charset utf-8, utf-16
 * @return {Number}
 */
function sizeof(str, charset){
  var total = 0;
  var charCode, i, len;

  charset = charset ? charset.toLowerCase() : '';

  if (charset === 'utf-16' || charset === 'utf16') {
    for (i = 0, len = str.length; i < len; i++) {
      charCode = str.charCodeAt(i);

      if (charCode <= 0xffff) {
        total += 2;
      } else {
        total += 4;
      }
    }
  } else {
    for (i = 0, len = str.length; i < len; i++) {
      charCode = str.charCodeAt(i);

      if (charCode <= 0x007f) {
        total += 1;
      } else if (charCode <= 0x07ff) {
        total += 2;
      } else if (charCode <= 0xffff) {
        total += 3;
      } else {
        total += 4;
      }
    }
  }
  
  return total;
}
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