A query that determines the 1st part (regardless of division type) of an academic year by means of starting and ending date.

DetermineFirstPart.sql

SET @yds = 2016;
SET @yde = 2016;
SET @type = 'Semester';

SELECT 
    *
FROM
    school_calendar
WHERE
    part_number = 1
        AND division_type = @type
        AND YEAR(date_start) BETWEEN (@yds - 1) AND @yds
        AND YEAR(date_end) BETWEEN @yde AND (@yde + 1);