Created
April 24, 2009 14:31
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モンモールの問題
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| #!/usr/bin/env ruby | |
| # モンモールの問題 | |
| # http://blog.livedoor.jp/maraigue/archives/884785.html | |
| MAX = 20 | |
| # 順列を計算する | |
| class Integer | |
| def P(other) # a.P(b) と書くことで aPb を計算できるようにする | |
| ((self - other + 1)..self).inject(1){ |a, b| a*b } | |
| end | |
| end | |
| result = [1, 0] # a_0 = 1, a_1 = 0 に相当 | |
| all_case = 1 | |
| 2.upto MAX do |n| | |
| # すべての傘の持ち帰り方 | |
| all_case *= n | |
| # a_nを、誰も自分の傘を持ち帰らないような持ち帰り方の総数とすると | |
| # a_n = Σ_{t=2}^{n} a_{n-t}・{n-1}P{t-1} | |
| result[n] = 0 | |
| for t in 2..n | |
| result[n] += result[n-t] * (n-1).P(t-1) | |
| end | |
| printf "%3d guests: %12.10f (#{all_case - result[n]}/#{all_case})\n", | |
| n, 1.0 - result[n].to_f/all_case | |
| end |
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