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| <html> | |
| <head> | |
| <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.8.2/jquery.min.js"></script> | |
| <script src="http://popcornjs.org/code/dist/popcorn-complete.min.js"></script> | |
| </head> | |
| <body> | |
| <div id="video" style="width: 854px; height: 480px;" ></div> | |
| <div id="footnote"></div> | |
| </body> | |
| </html> |
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| $(function() { | |
| var parseCosmologicalEvent = function(row, callback) { | |
| var $row = $(row); | |
| var units = $row.parent().find('th:nth-child(2) a').text(); | |
| var event = { | |
| time: parseFloat($row.children().eq(1).text()), | |
| text: $row.children().eq(2).text() | |
| }; | |
| event.prettyTime = '[' + event.time + units.toUpperCase() + '] '; | |
| // if (units === 'bya') { | |
| if (units === 'mya') { | |
| event.time /= 1000; | |
| } else if (units === 'kya') { | |
| event.time /= 1000000; | |
| } | |
| callback(event); | |
| }; | |
| var getFootnoteStartTime = function(vid, yrsAgo) { | |
| return vid.duration() * ((13.7 - yrsAgo) / 13.7); | |
| }; | |
| var secondsToTimestamp = function(seconds) { | |
| var date = new Date(seconds * 1000); | |
| var mm = date.getMinutes(); | |
| var ss = date.getSeconds(); | |
| if (mm < 10) {mm = "0"+mm;} | |
| if (ss < 10) {ss = "0"+ss;} | |
| return '['+mm+':'+ss+'] '; | |
| }; | |
| var displayEvent = function(event) { | |
| $('#footnote') | |
| .prepend(event.prettyTime + event.text + '<br />'); | |
| }; | |
| var simulation = Popcorn | |
| .youtube('#video', 'http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Ssc1GsqHds&hd=1') | |
| .on("canplaythrough", function() { | |
| // http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_Calendar | |
| $.get('/gh/gist/response.html/3974048/', function(data) { | |
| $(data) | |
| .find('.wikitable tbody tr:not(:nth-child(1))') | |
| .each(function (i, el) { | |
| parseCosmologicalEvent(el, function(event) { | |
| var start = getFootnoteStartTime(simulation, event.time); | |
| simulation.cue(start, function() { | |
| displayEvent(event); | |
| }); | |
| }); | |
| }); | |
| }); | |
| }); | |
| }); |
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| <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-Cosmic_Calendar skin-vector action-view vector-animateLayout"> | |
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| <!-- firstHeading --> | |
| <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span dir="auto">Cosmic Calendar</span></h1> | |
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| <div id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> | |
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| <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><p>The <b>Cosmic Calendar</b> is a scale in which the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_the_universe" title="Age of the universe">13.7 billion year lifetime</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Universe" title="Universe">universe</a> is mapped onto a single year. At this scale the <a href="/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang">Big Bang</a> took place on January 1 at midnight, and the current time is mapped to December 31 at midnight.<sup id="cite_ref-astrosocietyorg_0-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-astrosocietyorg-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> At this scale, there are 434 years per second, 1.57 million years per hour, and 37.7 million years per day. The concept was popularized by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Sagan" title="Carl Sagan">Carl Sagan</a> in his book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dragons_of_Eden" title="The Dragons of Eden">The Dragons of Eden</a></i> and on his television series <i><a href="/wiki/Cosmos:_A_Personal_Voyage" title="Cosmos: A Personal Voyage">Cosmos</a></i> as a way to conceptualize the vast amounts of time in the history of the universe.</p> | |
| <table id="toc" class="toc"> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td> | |
| <div id="toctitle"> | |
| <h2>Contents</h2> | |
| </div> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#The_Cosmic_Year"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">The Cosmic Year</span></a> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Big_Bang"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Big Bang</span></a></li> | |
| <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Evolution_of_life"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Evolution of life</span></a></li> | |
| <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Human_evolution"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Human evolution</span></a></li> | |
| <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#History_begins"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">History begins</span></a></li> | |
| <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#The_current_second"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">The current second</span></a></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| </li> | |
| <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> | |
| <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| </table> | |
| <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cosmic_Calendar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: The Cosmic Year">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="The_Cosmic_Year">The Cosmic Year</span></h2> | |
| <div class="thumb tright"> | |
| <div class="thumbinner" style="width:442px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Cosmic_Calendar.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Cosmic_Calendar.png/440px-Cosmic_Calendar.png" width="440" height="330" class="thumbimage" /></a> | |
| <div class="thumbcaption"> | |
| <div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Cosmic_Calendar.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="//bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.21wmf1/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" height="11" alt="" /></a></div> | |
| The 13.7 billion year lifetime of the universe mapped onto a single year. This image helps to put cosmology, evolution, and written history in context. In addition to dates of important events, dates for availability for different types of evidence are shown.</div> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cosmic_Calendar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Big Bang">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Big_Bang">Big Bang</span></h3> | |
| <table class="wikitable"> | |
| <tr> | |
| <th>Date</th> | |
| <th><a href="/wiki/Year#Symbols_y_and_yr" title="Year">bya</a></th> | |
| <th>Event</th> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td>1 Jan</td> | |
| <td>13.7</td> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang">Big Bang</a>, as seen through cosmic background radiation</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td>11 May</td> | |
| <td>8.8</td> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/Milky_Way_Galaxy" title="Milky Way Galaxy" class="mw-redirect">Milky Way Galaxy</a> formed</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td>1 Sep</td> | |
| <td>4.57</td> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> formed (planets and Earth's moon soon thereafter)</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td>16 Sep</td> | |
| <td>4.0</td> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/Oldest_dated_rocks" title="Oldest dated rocks">Oldest rocks known on Earth</a></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| </table> | |
| <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cosmic_Calendar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Evolution of life">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Evolution_of_life">Evolution of life</span></h3> | |
| <p><span id="Life_birth"></span></p> | |
| <table class="wikitable"> | |
| <tr> | |
| <th>Date</th> | |
| <th><a href="/wiki/Year#Symbols_y_and_yr" title="Year">bya</a></th> | |
| <th>Event</th> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td>21 Sep</td> | |
| <td>3.8</td> | |
| <td>first life (<a href="/wiki/Prokaryotes" title="Prokaryotes" class="mw-redirect">prokaryotes</a>)</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td>12 Oct</td> | |
| <td>3</td> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/Photosynthesis" title="Photosynthesis">photosynthesis</a></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td>29 Oct</td> | |
| <td>2.4</td> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/Great_Oxygenation_Event" title="Great Oxygenation Event">Oxygenation of atmosphere</a></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td>8 Nov</td> | |
| <td>2</td> | |
| <td>complex cells (<a href="/wiki/Eukaryotes" title="Eukaryotes" class="mw-redirect">eukaryotes</a>)</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td>5 Dec</td> | |
| <td>1</td> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/Multicellular_organism" title="Multicellular organism">first multicellular life</a></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td>14 Dec</td> | |
| <td>0.67</td> | |
| <td>simple <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">animals</a></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td>14 Dec</td> | |
| <td>0.55</td> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/Arthropods" title="Arthropods" class="mw-redirect">arthropods</a> (ancestors of insects, arachnids)</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td>18 Dec</td> | |
| <td>0.5</td> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_fish" title="Prehistoric fish">fish</a> and proto-amphibians</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td>20 Dec</td> | |
| <td>0.45</td> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_history_of_plants" title="Evolutionary history of plants">land plants</a></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td>21 Dec</td> | |
| <td>0.4</td> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/Phylogeny_of_insects" title="Phylogeny of insects">insects</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seeds" title="Seeds" class="mw-redirect">seeds</a></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td>22 Dec</td> | |
| <td>0.36</td> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/Amphibians" title="Amphibians" class="mw-redirect">amphibians</a></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td>23 Dec</td> | |
| <td>0.3</td> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/Reptiles" title="Reptiles" class="mw-redirect">reptiles</a></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td>26 Dec</td> | |
| <td>0.2</td> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/Mammals" title="Mammals" class="mw-redirect">mammals</a></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td>27 Dec</td> | |
| <td>0.15</td> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/Birds" title="Birds" class="mw-redirect">birds</a></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td>28 Dec</td> | |
| <td>0.13</td> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/Flowers" title="Flowers" class="mw-redirect">flowers</a></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td>30 Dec</td> | |
| <td>0.065</td> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous%E2%80%93Paleogene_extinction_event" title="Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event">Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event</a>, non-avian dinosaurs die out</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| </table> | |
| <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cosmic_Calendar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Human evolution">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Human_evolution">Human evolution</span></h3> | |
| <p><span id="Primate_evolution"></span></p> | |
| <table class="wikitable"> | |
| <tr> | |
| <th>Date <i>/</i> time</th> | |
| <th><a href="/wiki/Year#Symbols_y_and_yr" title="Year">mya</a></th> | |
| <th>Event</th> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td>30 Dec</td> | |
| <td>65</td> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/Primates" title="Primates" class="mw-redirect">Primates</a></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td>31 Dec, 06:05</td> | |
| <td>15</td> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/Apes" title="Apes" class="mw-redirect">Apes</a></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td>31 Dec, 14:24</td> | |
| <td>15</td> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae">hominids</a></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td>31 Dec, 22:24</td> | |
| <td>2.5</td> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/Homo_(genus)" title="Homo (genus)" class="mw-redirect">primitive humans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oldowan" title="Oldowan">stone tools</a></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td>31 Dec, 23:44</td> | |
| <td>0.4</td> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/Control_of_fire_by_early_humans" title="Control of fire by early humans">Domestication of fire</a></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td>31 Dec, 23:52</td> | |
| <td>0.2</td> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/Anatomically_modern_humans" title="Anatomically modern humans">Anatomically modern humans</a></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td>31 Dec, 23:55</td> | |
| <td>0.11</td> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/Last_glacial_period" title="Last glacial period">Beginning of most recent glacial period</a></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td>31 Dec, 23:58</td> | |
| <td>0.035</td> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_art" title="Prehistoric art">sculpture and painting</a></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td>31 Dec, 23:59:32</td> | |
| <td>0.012</td> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution" title="Neolithic Revolution">Agriculture</a></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| </table> | |
| <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cosmic_Calendar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History begins">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="History_begins">History begins</span></h3> | |
| <p><span id="Emperors_and_gods"></span> <span id="Voyages_of_discovery"></span></p> | |
| <table class="wikitable"> | |
| <tr> | |
| <th>Date <i>/</i> time</th> | |
| <th><a href="/wiki/Year#Symbols_y_and_yr" title="Year">kya</a></th> | |
| <th>Event</th> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td>31 Dec, 23:59:47</td> | |
| <td>5.5</td> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/History_of_writing" title="History of writing">First writing</a> (marks end of prehistory and beginning of history), beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td>31 Dec, 23:59:48</td> | |
| <td>5.0</td> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/First_dynasty_of_Egypt" title="First dynasty of Egypt" class="mw-redirect">First dynasty of Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_Sumer" title="History of Sumer">Early Dynastic period in Sumer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">Astronomy</a></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td>31 Dec, 23:59:49</td> | |
| <td>4.5</td> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">Alphabet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akkadian_Empire" title="Akkadian Empire">Akkadian Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wheel" title="Wheel">Wheel</a></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td>31 Dec, 23:59:51</td> | |
| <td>4.0</td> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Hammurabi" title="Code of Hammurabi">Code of Hammurabi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom of Egypt</a></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td>31 Dec, 23:59:52</td> | |
| <td>3.5</td> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean Greece</a>; <a href="/wiki/Olmec" title="Olmec">Olmec</a> civilization; <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a> in Near East, India, and Europe; <a href="/wiki/History_of_Carthage" title="History of Carthage">founding of Carthage</a></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td>31 Dec, 23:59:53</td> | |
| <td>3.0</td> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(united_monarchy)" title="Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)">Kingdom of Israel</a>, ancient <a href="/wiki/Olympic_games" title="Olympic games" class="mw-redirect">Olympic games</a></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td>31 Dec, 23:59:54</td> | |
| <td>2.5</td> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" title="Gautama Buddha">Buddha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Confucius" title="Confucius">Confucius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qin_Dynasty" title="Qin Dynasty">Qin Dynasty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Century_Athens" title="Fifth Century Athens" class="mw-redirect">Classical Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ashoka" title="Ashoka">Ashokan Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a> completed, <a href="/wiki/Euclid" title="Euclid">Euclidean</a> geometry, <a href="/wiki/Archimedes" title="Archimedes">Archimedean</a> physics, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td>31 Dec, 23:59:55</td> | |
| <td>2.0</td> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemaic</a> astronomy, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christ" title="Christ">Christ</a>, invention of numeral <a href="/wiki/0_(number)" title="0 (number)">0</a></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td>31 Dec, 23:59:56</td> | |
| <td>1.5</td> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization">Maya civilization</a>, <a href="/wiki/Song_Dynasty" title="Song Dynasty">Song Dynasty</a>, rise of <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td>31 Dec, 23:59:58</td> | |
| <td>1.0</td> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a> voyages to the Americas, <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> in Europe</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| </table> | |
| <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cosmic_Calendar&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The current second">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="The_current_second">The current second</span></h3> | |
| <table class="wikitable"> | |
| <tr> | |
| <th>Date <i>/</i> time</th> | |
| <th><a href="/wiki/Year#Symbols_y_and_yr" title="Year">kya</a></th> | |
| <th>Event</th> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td>31 Dec, 23:59:59</td> | |
| <td>0.5</td> | |
| <td><a href="/wiki/History_of_science" title="History of science">modern science</a> and technology, <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_revolution" title="French revolution" class="mw-redirect">French revolution</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo Moon landing</a></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| </table> | |
| <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cosmic_Calendar&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Big_Bang" title="Timeline of the Big Bang" class="mw-redirect">Timeline of the Big Bang</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_evolution" title="Timeline of evolution" class="mw-redirect">Timeline of evolution</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_human_evolution" title="Timeline of human evolution">Timeline of human evolution</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_plant_evolution" title="Timeline of plant evolution">Timeline of plant evolution</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_world_history_(disambiguation)" title="Timeline of world history (disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect">Timeline of world history</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_prehistory" title="Timeline of prehistory">Timeline of prehistory</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_ancient_history" title="Timeline of ancient history">Timeline of ancient history</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Middle_Ages" title="Timeline of the Middle Ages">Timeline of the Middle Ages</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_modern_history" title="Timeline of modern history">Timeline of modern history</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Detailed_logarithmic_timeline" title="Detailed logarithmic timeline">Detailed logarithmic timeline</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_timelines" title="List of timelines">List of timelines</a></li> | |
| <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/calendar/embed?src=k5g0mosd8l1jvofagvmkquaqtk%40group.calendar.google.com&ctz=America/Los_Angeles">The Cosmic Calendar in a Google Calendar format</a></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cosmic_Calendar&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h2> | |
| <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> | |
| <ol class="references"> | |
| <li id="cite_note-astrosocietyorg-0"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-astrosocietyorg_0-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Therese Puyau Blanchard (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astrosociety.org/education/astro/act2/cosmic.html">"The Universe At Your Fingertips Activity: Cosmic Calendar"</a>. Astronomical Society of the Pacific<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.astrosociety.org/education/astro/act2/cosmic.html">http://www.astrosociety.org/education/astro/act2/cosmic.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 2007-12-15</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Universe+At+Your+Fingertips+Activity%3A+Cosmic+Calendar&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Therese+Puyau+Blanchard&rft.au=Therese+Puyau+Blanchard&rft.date=1995&rft.pub=Astronomical+Society+of+the+Pacific&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astrosociety.org%2Feducation%2Fastro%2Fact2%2Fcosmic.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cosmic_Calendar"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span></li> | |
| </ol> | |
| </div> | |
| <table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;;"> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td style="padding:2px;"> | |
| <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> | |
| <tr> | |
| <th scope="col" style=";background:#dd9" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> | |
| <div class="noprint plainlinks hlist navbar mini" style=""> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chronology" title="Template:Chronology"><span title="View this template" style=";background:#dd9;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> | |
| <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chronology" title="Template talk:Chronology"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";background:#dd9;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> | |
| <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Chronology&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";background:#dd9;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| </div> | |
| <div class="" style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Chronology" title="Chronology">Chronology</a></div> | |
| </th> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style="height:2px;"> | |
| <td></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style=";line-height:1.2em;background:#cc9;;">Main articles</th> | |
| <td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist"> | |
| <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Time" title="Time">Time</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">Astronomy</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Geology" title="Geology">Geology</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Paleontology" title="Paleontology">Paleontology</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/History" title="History">History</a></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| </div> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style="height:2px"> | |
| <td></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style=";line-height:1.2em;background:#cc9;;"><a href="/wiki/Era" title="Era">Eras</a> and <a href="/wiki/Epoch_(reference_date)" title="Epoch (reference date)">epochs</a></th> | |
| <td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist"> | |
| <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> | |
| <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;;;"> | |
| <tr> | |
| <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:8em; font-weight:normal; background:#cc9;"> | |
| <div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">Calendar eras</a></div> | |
| </th> | |
| <td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> | |
| <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Era" title="Human Era">Human Era</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a> (<a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a>)</li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Anno_Mundi" title="Anno Mundi">Anno Mundi</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine era</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_era" title="Spanish era">Spanish era</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Before_Present" title="Before Present">Before Present</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Hijri</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_chronology" title="Egyptian chronology">Egyptian</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Sothic_cycle" title="Sothic cycle">Sothic cycle</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_units_of_time" title="Hindu units of time">Hindu units of time</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Yuga" title="Yuga">Hindu <i>Yuga</i>s</a></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| </div> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style="height:2px"> | |
| <td></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:8em; font-weight:normal; background:#cc9;"> | |
| <div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Regnal_year" title="Regnal year">Regnal year</a></div> | |
| </th> | |
| <td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> | |
| <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_of_Kings" title="Canon of Kings">Canon of Kings</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Category:King_lists" title="Category:King lists">Lists of kings</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Limmu" title="Limmu">Limmu</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_era" title="Seleucid era">Seleucid era</a></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| </div> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style="height:2px"> | |
| <td></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:8em; font-weight:normal; background:#cc9;"> | |
| <div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Era_name" title="Era name" class="mw-redirect">Era names</a></div> | |
| </th> | |
| <td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> | |
| <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_era_name" title="Chinese era name">Chinese</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_era_name" title="Japanese era name">Japanese</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_era_name" title="Korean era name">Korean</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_era_name" title="Vietnamese era name">Vietnamese</a></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| </div> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| </table> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style="height:2px"> | |
| <td></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style=";line-height:1.2em;background:#cc9;;"><a href="/wiki/Calendar" title="Calendar">Calendars</a></th> | |
| <td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist"> | |
| <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> | |
| <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;;;"> | |
| <tr> | |
| <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:8em; font-weight:normal; background:#cc9;;"> | |
| <div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">(Pre-)Julian</div> | |
| </th> | |
| <td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> | |
| <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_calendar" title="Roman calendar">Pre-Julian Roman</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Original Julian</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Proleptic_Julian_calendar" title="Proleptic Julian calendar">Proleptic Julian</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Revised_Julian_calendar" title="Revised Julian calendar">Revised Julian</a></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| </div> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style="height:2px"> | |
| <td></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:8em; font-weight:normal; background:#cc9;;"> | |
| <div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Gregorian</div> | |
| </th> | |
| <td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> | |
| <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Proleptic_Gregorian_calendar" title="Proleptic Gregorian calendar">Proleptic Gregorian</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">Old Style and New Style dates</a></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| </div> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style="height:2px"> | |
| <td></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:8em; font-weight:normal; background:#cc9;;"> | |
| <div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Astronomical</div> | |
| /th> | |
| <td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> | |
| <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Lunisolar_calendar" title="Lunisolar calendar">Lunisolar</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_calendar" title="Solar calendar">Solar</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar">Lunar</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_year_numbering" title="Astronomical year numbering">Astronomical year numbering</a></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| </div> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style="height:2px"> | |
| <td></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:8em; font-weight:normal; background:#cc9;;"> | |
| <div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Others</div> | |
| </th> | |
| <td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> | |
| <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">Chinese sexagenary cycle</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_week_date" title="ISO week date">ISO week date</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Geologic_Calendar" title="Geologic Calendar">Geologic Calendar</a></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| </div> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| </table> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr style="height:2px"> | |
| <td></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style=";line-height:1.2em;background:#cc9;;"><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_chronology" title="Astronomical chronology">Astronomic time</a></th> | |
| <td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;;;background:#fff" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist"> | |
| <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=File:Portal.svg&page=1" class="image" title="Portal:Chronology"><img alt="Portal:Chronology" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/16px-Portal.svg.png" width="16" height="14" /></a>  <a href="/wiki/Portal:Chronology" title="Portal:Chronology">Chronology Portal</a></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <p><strong class="selflink">Cosmic Calendar</strong></p> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Ephemeris" title="Ephemeris">Ephemeris</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_year" title="Galactic year">Galactic year</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Metonic_cycle" title="Metonic cycle">Metonic cycle</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Milankovitch_cycles" title="Milankovitch cycles">Milankovitch cycles</a></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| </div> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
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| <td></td> | |
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| <tr> | |
| <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style=";line-height:1.2em;background:#cc9;;"><a href="/wiki/Geologic_time_scale" title="Geologic time scale">Geologic time</a></th> | |
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| <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Standard_Stratigraphic_Age" title="Global Standard Stratigraphic Age">Global Standard Stratigraphic Age (GSSA)</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Boundary_Stratotype_Section_and_Point" title="Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point">Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP)</a></li> | |
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| <div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Methods</div> | |
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| <ul> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Chronostratigraphy" title="Chronostratigraphy">Chronostratigraphy</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Geochronology" title="Geochronology">Geochronology</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Isotope_geochemistry" title="Isotope geochemistry">Isotope geochemistry</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_superposition" title="Law of superposition">Law of superposition</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_dating" title="Optical dating">Optical dating</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Samarium-neodymium_dating" title="Samarium-neodymium dating">Samarium-neodymium dating</a></li> | |
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| <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style=";line-height:1.2em;background:#cc9;;"><a href="/wiki/Dating_methodologies_in_archaeology" title="Dating methodologies in archaeology">Archaeological<br /> | |
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| <div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Absolute_dating" title="Absolute dating">Absolute dating</a></div> | |
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| <li><a href="/wiki/Radiocarbon_dating" title="Radiocarbon dating">Radiocarbon dating</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Radiometric_dating" title="Radiometric dating">Radiometric dating</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Tephrochronology" title="Tephrochronology">Tephrochronology</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Thermoluminescence_dating" title="Thermoluminescence dating">Thermoluminescence dating</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Uranium-lead_dating" title="Uranium-lead dating">Uranium-lead dating</a></li> | |
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| <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorine_absorption_dating" title="Fluorine absorption dating">Fluorine absorption dating</a></li> | |
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| <ul> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Amino_acid_dating" title="Amino acid dating">Amino acid dating</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_clock" title="Molecular clock">Molecular clock</a></li> | |
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