So, you want to run Chrome headless.

headless.md

Update

If you're looking at this in 2016 and beyond, I strongly recommend investigating real headless Chrome: https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/lkgr/headless/README.md

Windows and Mac users might find using Justin Ribeiro's Docker setup useful here while full support for these platforms is being worked out.

You can use chrome --headless on Linux as of M57 but note you'll need to build the binaries yourself for now.

The metabug for adding headless mode to Chromium is over here.

Otherwise, if you're on Ubuntu or working with a Linux VM that isn't working with Linux:

Step 1: Install the Ubuntu dependencies needed:

SSH into your server as a root or do sudo -i.

Then install necessary software:

apt-get update
apt-get install -y xvfb fluxbox x11vnc dbus libasound2 libqt4-dbus libqt4-network libqtcore4 libqtgui4 libxss1 libpython2.7 libqt4-xml libaudio2 libmng1 fontconfig liblcms1 lib32stdc++6 lib32asound2 ia32-libs libc6-i386 lib32gcc1 nano
apt-get install -y python-gobject-2
apt-get install -y curl git

Step 2. Options for starting:

Normal:

xvfb-run --server-args='-screen 0, 1024x768x16' google-chrome -start-maximized > /dev/null &

Start and open a page:

xvfb-run --server-args='-screen 0, 1024x768x16' google-chrome -start-maximized http://www.example.com > /dev/null &

If you're on Windows..

Use Desktops from the MS SysInternals package. You can spawn your Chrome process directly from the "hidden" desktop and keep it working there (I have not personally tested this).

#Other options...

You could try spawning Chrome as a child process using something like Node.js and piping the output back to the terminal. See runChrome.js for an example of how to do this (todo: update to latest Express).

runChrome.js

var express = require('express');
var http = require('http');
var cp = require('child_process');
var port = 3000;
var app = express();
//var app = express();
//var server = http.createServer(app);
var chrome_count = 0;


app.get('/', function(req, res){
    startChrome(chrome_count++,9222,function chromeStared(err,id,chrome){
    	res.send('Chrome '+id+' Started\r\n');
    	console.log('Simulating some data parsing');
    	setTimeout(function(){
    		console.log('Shutdown chrome '+id);
    		chrome.kill('doh!');
    	},1000);
    });
});


app.listen(port);
console.log('Server is listening on port ' + port);
 
function startChrome(id,port,callback){
	var terminal = cp.spawn('bash');
	var chrome = {};
 
	terminal.on('exit', function (code) {

		console.log('Starting chrome');
		chrome = cp.spawn('/Applications/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google\ Chrome',[
			'--remote-debugging-port='+port,
			'--user-data-dir=/Volumes/DATA/repos/scrapper/userdata',
			'http://www.chrome.com'
		]);
		callback(null,id,chrome);
	});
 
	setTimeout(function() {
		console.log('Sending stdin to terminal');
		//terminal.stdin.write('echo "Hello $USER"');
		terminal.stdin.write('rm -rf /Volumes/DATA/repos/scrapper/userdata'+'\n');
		terminal.stdin.write('mkdir /Volumes/DATA/repos/scrapper/userdata'+'\n');
		terminal.stdin.write('touch "/Volumes/DATA/repos/scrapper/userdata/First Run"'+'\n');
		terminal.stdin.write('chmod 777 "/Volumes/DATA/repos/scrapper/userdata/First Run"'+'\n');
		terminal.stdin.end();
	}, 5000);	
}