Reset Windows Update components using procedure of https://support.microsoft.com/help/971058/how-do-i-reset-windows-update-components

resetWindowsUpdate.ps1

#Requires -RunAsAdministrator
Stop-Service -Name @("bits","wuauserv","appidsvc","cryptsvc")
del "$env:ALLUSERSPROFILE\Application Data\Microsoft\Network\Downloader\qmgr*.*"
if(Test-Path variable:global:errs) {Remove-Variable -Name @("errs") -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue } #$err = $null
$errs = [System.Collections.ArrayList](@{})
function Start-Backup {
	param([string[]]$paths = @("$env:SystemRoot\system32\catroot2","$env:SystemRoot\SoftwareDistribution"))
	foreach($path in $paths){
		$bak = "$($path).bak"
		if((Test-Path -PathType Any $bak) -and (Test-Path -PathType Any $path)){
			try {
				$action = "delete"
				del $bak -Recurse -Force -ErrorAction Stop
				$action = "rename"
				ren $path $bak -ErrorAction Stop
				if($errs.Values.Contains($path)) {
					$errs.RemoveAt([math]::Round(($errs.Values.IndexOf($path))/$errs.Values.Count))
				}
				return $true
			} catch {
				if(-not ($errs.Values.Contains($path))){
					$errs.Add( @(@{Message=$_.Exception.Message;Item=$_.Exception.ItemName;Path=$bak;Action=$action;tries=3}))
				}
				return $false
			}
		}	else {return $true}
	}
	return $null
}
Start-Backup
cmd.exe /c "sc.exe sdset bits D:(A;;CCLCSWRPWPDTLOCRRC;;;SY)(A;;CCDCLCSWRPWPDTLOCRSDRCWDWO;;;BA)(A;;CCLCSWLOCRRC;;;AU)(A;;CCLCSWRPWPDTLOCRRC;;;PU)"
cmd.exe /c "sc.exe sdset wuauserv D:(A;;CCLCSWRPWPDTLOCRRC;;;SY)(A;;CCDCLCSWRPWPDTLOCRSDRCWDWO;;;BA)(A;;CCLCSWLOCRRC;;;AU)(A;;CCLCSWRPWPDTLOCRRC;;;PU)"
cd C:\WINDOWS\System32\
$processes = New-Object -TypeName System.Collections.ArrayList
$dlls = @("atl.dll", "urlmon.dll", "mshtml.dll", "shdocvw.dll", "browseui.dll", "jscript.dll", "vbscript.dll", "scrrun.dll", "msxml.dll", "msxml3.dll", "msxml6.dll", "actxprxy.dll", "softpub.dll", "wintrust.dll", "dssenh.dll", "rsaenh.dll", "gpkcsp.dll", "sccbase.dll", "slbcsp.dll", "cryptdlg.dll", "oleaut32.dll", "ole32.dll", "shell32.dll", "initpki.dll", "wuapi.dll", "wuaueng.dll", "wuaueng1.dll", "wucltui.dll", "wups.dll", "wups2.dll", "wuweb.dll", "qmgr.dll", "qmgrprxy.dll", "wucltux.dll", "muweb.dll", "wuwebv.dll")
foreach ($dll in $dlls) {
   Write-Progress -Activity "Registering DLL's" -status "Registering $dll" -percentComplete (((1+$dlls.IndexOf($dll))/ $dlls.Count)*100)
   if(Test-Path -Path "$($env:windir)\System32\$($dll)" -PathType Leaf){
	   $startInfo = New-Object Diagnostics.ProcessStartInfo
	   $startInfo.Filename = "regsvr32.exe"
	   $startInfo.Arguments = "/s " + $dll
	   $startInfo.RedirectStandardError = $true
	   $startInfo.CreateNoWindow = $true
	   ## Start the process
	   $startInfo.UseShellExecute = $false
	   $processes.Add(@([Diagnostics.Process]::Start($startInfo),$startInfo)) | Out-Null
	   #if($processes.Item($processes.Count-1).ExitCode -eq 3) {$codeThree += @($processes.Item($processes.Count-1).Replace("/s ","")) } elseif($processes.Item($processes.Count-1).ExitCode -eq 4) {$codeFour += @($processes.Item($processes.Count-1).Arguments.Replace("/s ","")) }
	}
}
.\netsh winsock reset 
#the old way to reset proxy is below
#.\cmd.exe /c "proxycfg.exe -d"
.\netsh.exe winhttp reset proxy
foreach($err in $errs){
	Write-Host "Could not $($err.Action) ``$($err.Path)`` because $($err.Message.ToLower())`nGoing to try {0} more times" -f $($err.tries--)
	while(($err.tries > 0) -and (-not (Start-Backup $err.Path))) {		
		Write-Host "Going to try {0} more time{1}" -f $($err.tries--),(&{If($err.tries>1) {"s"} Else {""}}) 
		}
	}
foreach($err in $errs){Write-Host "Could not $($err.Action) ``$($err.Path)`` because $($err.Message.ToLower())`nTry restarting your computer then running the script again." -ForegroundColor Red}
#foreach ($process in $processes){ if ( -not ($process.ExitCode -ceq 0 )) {if($process.ExitCode -eq 3) {$codeThree += @($process.Arguments.Replace("/s ","")) } elseif($process.ExitCode -eq 4) {$codeFour += @($process.Arguments.Replace("/s ","")) } }}
#$regsvr32err = ($codeThree -join "`", `"")
#Write-Host "The modules `"$($regsvr32err)`" failed to load. Make sure the binaries are stored at the specified path or debug it to check for problems with the binary or dependent .DLL files. The specified module could not be found." -ForegroundColor DarkMagenta
#$regsvr32err = ($codeFour -join "`", `"")
#Write-Host "The modules `"$($regsvr32err)`" was loaded but the entry-point DllRegisterServer was not found. Make sure that `"$($regsvr32err)`" are a valid DLL or OCX file and then try again." -ForegroundColor DarkGreen

On Windows 10, I didn't find any qmgr.dat, but just two files named qmgr.db and qmgr.jfm.

You might consider to adjust the third line of this script with:
del "$env:ALLUSERSPROFILE\Application Data\Microsoft\Network\Downloader\qmgr*"

On Windows 10, I didn't find any qmgr.dat, but just two files named qmgr.db and qmgr.jfm.

You might consider to adjust the third line of this script with:
del "$env:ALLUSERSPROFILE\Application Data\Microsoft\Network\Downloader\qmgr*"

Done! Thanks for pointing this out. I haven't had to use the script recently.

how do I use the script?

Hi @dramaticrobotic ,
You can try the following from PowerShell:

powershell -exec bypass -c "(New-Object Net.WebClient).Proxy.Credentials=[Net.CredentialCache]::DefaultNetworkCredentials;iwr('https://gist.githubusercontent.com/mavaddat/24a03fd07aa059806d58c39b06acee70/raw/bc7b1ee6c5f6b95fd7d083e6f0cfc1d86130c8ee/resetWindowsUpdate.ps1')|iex"