Spring Boot - URL shortener service in PostgreSQL

application.properties

server.port=3000
spring.datasource.url= jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/${dbName}
spring.datasource.username= ${dbUser}
spring.datasource.password= ${dbUserPass}
spring.datasource.max-active=10
spring.datasource.max-idle=10
spring.datasource.min-idle=10

spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.jdbc.lob.non_contextual_creation= true
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect= org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQLDialect

# Hibernate ddl auto (create, create-drop, validate, update)
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto= update

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>3.1.5</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>
	<groupId>com.example</groupId>
	<artifactId>demo</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>demo</name>
	<description>URL shortener project for Spring Boot with Virtual threads</description>
	<properties>
		<java.version>21</java.version>
	</properties>
	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>
            <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
	        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
	        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.aventrix.jnanoid</groupId>
            <artifactId>jnanoid</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.0</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
	        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
	        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
	        <version>6.0.13</version>
        </dependency>

	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <mainClass>com.example.shorten.UrlShortenerApplication</mainClass>
                    <layout>JAR</layout>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.11.0</version>
                <configuration>
                    <release>21</release>
                    <enablePreview>true</enablePreview>
                    <compilerArgs>--enable-preview</compilerArgs>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.5.0</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <phase>package</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>shade</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.1.2</version>
                <configuration>
                    <argLine>--enable-preview</argLine>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

    <profiles>
        <profile>
            <id>native</id>
            <build>
                <plugins>
                    <plugin>
                        <groupId>org.graalvm.buildtools</groupId>
                        <artifactId>native-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                        <version>0.9.27</version>
                        <extensions>true</extensions>
                        <executions>
                            <execution>
                                <id>build-native</id>
                                <goals>
                                    <goal>compile-no-fork</goal>
                                </goals>
                                <phase>package</phase>
                            </execution>
                            <execution>
                                <id>test-native</id>
                                <goals>
                                    <goal>test</goal>
                                </goals>
                                <phase>test</phase>
                            </execution>
                        </executions>
                        <configuration>
                            <!-- ... -->
                        </configuration>
                    </plugin>
                </plugins>
            </build>
        </profile>
    </profiles>

</project>

ShortenedUrl.java

package com.example.shorten;

import java.time.LocalDateTime;

import jakarta.persistence.Entity;
import jakarta.persistence.Table;
import jakarta.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import jakarta.persistence.GenerationType;
import jakarta.persistence.Id;

@Entity
@Table(name = "shortenedurls")
public class ShortenedUrl {
  @Id
  private String id;

  private String srcurl;

  private LocalDateTime created;

  private LocalDateTime lastaccessed;

  public String getId() {
    return id;
  }

  public void setId(String id) {
    this.id = id;
  }

  public String getSrcUrl() {
    return srcurl;
  }

  public void setSrcUrl(String srcUrl) {
    this.srcurl = srcUrl;
  }

  public LocalDateTime getCreated() {
    return created;
  }

  public void setCreated(LocalDateTime created) {
    this.created = created;
  }

  public LocalDateTime getLastAccessed() {
    return lastaccessed;
  }

  public void setLastAccessed(LocalDateTime lastAccessed) {
    this.lastaccessed = lastAccessed;
  }
}

UrlShortenerApplication.java

package com.example.shorten;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatProtocolHandlerCustomizer;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

@SpringBootApplication
public class UrlShortenerApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(UrlShortenerApplication.class, args);
    }

    @Bean
    public TomcatProtocolHandlerCustomizer<?> protocolHandlerVirtualThreadExecutorCustomizer() {
        return protocolHandler -> {
            protocolHandler.setExecutor(Executors.newVirtualThreadPerTaskExecutor());
        };
    }
}

UrlShortenerController.java

package com.example.shorten;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.util.Optional;

import javax.print.attribute.standard.MediaTray;

import com.example.shorten.UrlShortenerRequest;
import com.example.shorten.UrlShortenerResponse;
import com.example.shorten.UrlShortenerError;
import com.example.shorten.UrlShortenerService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

@RestController
public class UrlShortenerController {

    @Autowired
    UrlShortenerService shortenerService;

    @PostMapping(
        value="/shorten",
        consumes = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE, 
        produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)
    public ResponseEntity handleRequest(@RequestBody UrlShortenerRequest shortenRequest) {
        if(shortenRequest.getSrcUrl() == null) {
            return ResponseEntity.badRequest()
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                .body(new UrlShortenerError("Parameter 'srcUrl' is missing")); 
        }

        String srcUrl = shortenRequest.getSrcUrl();
        if(srcUrl.length()>250) {
            return ResponseEntity.badRequest()
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                .body(new UrlShortenerError("Parameter 'srcUrl' must not be more than 250 characters"));
        }

        if(!(srcUrl.startsWith("http://") || srcUrl.startsWith("https://"))) {
            return ResponseEntity.badRequest()
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                .body(new UrlShortenerError("Parameter 'srcUrl' must start with http:// or https://"));
        }

        String shortenedUrl = shortenerService.shorten(srcUrl);
        if(shortenedUrl.isEmpty()) {
            return ResponseEntity.badRequest()
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                .body(new UrlShortenerError("Failed to shorten"));
        }

        UrlShortenerResponse resp = new UrlShortenerResponse(srcUrl, shortenedUrl);
        return ResponseEntity.ok()
            .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
            .body(resp);
    }
}

UrlShortenerError.java

package com.example.shorten;

public class UrlShortenerError {
    private String errMsg;

    public UrlShortenerError() {
        
    }

    public UrlShortenerError(String errMsg) {
        this.errMsg = errMsg;
    }

    public String getErrMsg() {
        return this.errMsg;
    }

    public void setErrMsg(String errMsg) {
        this.errMsg = errMsg;
    }
}

UrlShortenerRepository.java

package com.example.shorten;

import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import com.example.shorten.ShortenedUrl;

public interface UrlShortenerRepository extends JpaRepository<ShortenedUrl, String> {

}

UrlShortenerRequest.java

package com.example.shorten;

public class UrlShortenerRequest {
    private String srcUrl;

    public String getSrcUrl() {
        return this.srcUrl;
    }

    public void setSrcUrl(String srcUrl) {
        this.srcUrl = srcUrl;
    }
}

UrlShortenerResponse.java

package com.example.shorten;

public class UrlShortenerResponse {
    private String srcUrl;
    private String shortenedUrl;

    public UrlShortenerResponse() {
    }

    public UrlShortenerResponse(String srcUrl, String shortenedUrl) {
        this.srcUrl = srcUrl;
        this.shortenedUrl = shortenedUrl;
    }

    public String getSrcUrl() {
        return this.srcUrl;
    }

    public void setSrcUrl(String srcUrl) {
        this.srcUrl = srcUrl;
    }

    public String getShortenedUrl() {
        return this.shortenedUrl;
    }

    public void setShortenedUrl(String shortenedUrl) {
        this.shortenedUrl = shortenedUrl;
    }
}

UrlShortenerService.java

package com.example.shorten;

import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import com.aventrix.jnanoid.jnanoid.*;
import com.example.shorten.ShortenedUrl;
import com.example.shorten.UrlShortenerRepository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

@Service
public class UrlShortenerService {

    final String baseUrl = "http://test.short/";

    @Autowired
    UrlShortenerRepository shortenerRepository;

    public String shorten(String srcUrl) {
        if(srcUrl.isEmpty()) {
            return "";
        }

        String urlId = NanoIdUtils.randomNanoId(
            NanoIdUtils.DEFAULT_NUMBER_GENERATOR,
            NanoIdUtils.DEFAULT_ALPHABET,
            10
        );

        String shortUrl = baseUrl + urlId;
        ShortenedUrl shortenedUrl = new ShortenedUrl();
        shortenedUrl.setId(urlId);
        shortenedUrl.setSrcUrl(srcUrl);
        shortenedUrl.setCreated(LocalDateTime.now());
        shortenedUrl.setLastAccessed(LocalDateTime.now());
        ShortenedUrl savedData = shortenerRepository.save(shortenedUrl);
        return savedData.getId().isEmpty() ? "" : shortUrl;

    }

}