sudo (SuperUser DO): run programs / commands with administrative privileges
apt-get
sudo apt-get update The first command you need to run in any Linux system after a fresh install. Updates the database and let your system know if there are newer packages available or not.
sudo apt-get upgrade For upgrading all the packages with available updates.
Or
sudo apt-get upgrade To upgrade a particular package
sudo apt-get install Install a package
dpkg --list List all the packages installed on the system
sudo apt-get remove Remove the package
sudo apt-get purge To remove the software completely with its configuration and/or data files
sudo apt-get autoremove Remove those dependencies that were installed with the earlier installed applications and that are no longer used by anything else on the system.
ls: lists all files and folders in your current working directory.
cd : Change directory cd / : To the root directory. cd .. : Up one directory level. cd – : To the previous directory.
pwd: present working directory
cp: copy cp file1 /home/myfiles will copy the file "file1" to the directory "/home/myfiles"
mv: move mv xyz /home/myfiles
rm: remove
rmdir ("remove directory") - Removes an empty directory. rm -r ("remove recursively") - Removes a directory along with its content.
mkdir: make directory
history: displays history of commands
df: displays filesystem
du: directory usage
free: free space
passwd : change password of a particular user
whatis : info about a command
Ctrl + Shift + T Open new tab on current terminal
Ctrl + Shift + W Close the current tab
Ctrl + A Move cursor to beginning of line
Ctrl + E Move cursor to end of line
Ctrl + U Clears the entire current line
Ctrl + K Clears the command from the cursor right
Ctrl + W Delete the word before the cursor
Ctrl + R Allows you to search your history for commands matching what you have typed
Ctrl + C Kill the current process
Ctrl + Z Suspend the current process by sending the signal SIGSTOP
Ctrl + L Clears the terminal output
Alt + F Move forward one word
Alt + B Move backward one word
Ctrl + Shift + C Copy the highlighted command to the clipboard
Ctrl + Shift + V or Shift + Insert Paste the contents of the clipboard Up/Down Arrow keys To scroll through your command history, allowing you to quickly execute the same command multiple times TAB Used to complete the command you are typing. If more than one command is possible, you can press it multiple times to scroll through the possible completions. If a very wide number of commands are possible, it can output a list of all possible completions.
gcloud auth login - Login to GCloud from the terminal for the first time
Difference B/W Suspending and Stopping an Instance
Suspending an instance differs from stopping an instance in the following ways:
- Suspended instances preserve the guest OS memory, device state, and application state.
- Google charges for suspended instances.
- You can only suspend an instance for up to 60 days. After 60 days, the instance is automatically moved to the TERMINATED state.
With the exception of local SSD data, all resources that are attached to the instance remain attached to the instance and will be charged, including persistent disks and static or reserved external IP addresses.
All of these resources are charged according to the price sheet, even if an instance is suspended.