Simple implementation of binary search tree in C++.

binary-search-tree-cpp.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <math.h>
using namespace std;

template <class T>
struct Node {
    T value;
    Node *left;
    Node *right;

    Node(T val) {
        this->value = val;
    }

    Node(T val, Node<T> left, Node<T> right) {
        this->value = val;
        this->left = left;
        this->right = right;
    }
};

template <class T>
class BST {

    private:
    Node<T> *root;

    void addHelper(Node<T> *root, T val) {
        if (root->value > val) {
            if (!root->left) {
                root->left = new Node<T>(val);
            } else {
                addHelper(root->left, val);
            }
        } else {
            if (!root->right) {
                root->right = new Node<T>(val);
            } else {
                addHelper(root->right, val);
            }
        }
    }

    void printHelper(Node<T> *root) {
        if (!root) return;
        printHelper(root->left);
        cout<<root->value<<' ';
        printHelper(root->right);
    }

    int nodesCountHelper(Node<T> *root) {
        if (!root) return 0;
        else return 1 + nodesCountHelper(root->left) + nodesCountHelper(root->right);
    }

    int heightHelper(Node<T> *root) {
        if (!root) return 0;
        else return 1 + max(heightHelper(root->left), heightHelper(root->right));
    }

    void printMaxPathHelper(Node<T> *root) {
        if (!root) return;
        cout<<root->value<<' ';
        if (heightHelper(root->left) > heightHelper(root->right)) {
            printMaxPathHelper(root->left);
        } else {
            printMaxPathHelper(root->right);
        }
    }

    bool deleteValueHelper(Node<T>* parent, Node<T>* current, T value) {
        if (!current) return false;
        if (current->value == value) {
            if (current->left == NULL || current->right == NULL) {
                Node<T>* temp = current->left;
                if (current->right) temp = current->right;
                if (parent) {
                    if (parent->left == current) {
                        parent->left = temp;
                    } else {
                        parent->right = temp;
                    }
                } else {
                    this->root = temp;
                }
            } else {
                Node<T>* validSubs = current->right;
                while (validSubs->left) {
                    validSubs = validSubs->left;
                }
                T temp = current->value;
                current->value = validSubs->value;
                validSubs->value = temp;
                return deleteValueHelper(current, current->right, temp);
            }
            delete current;
            return true;
        }
        return deleteValueHelper(current, current->left, value) ||
               deleteValueHelper(current, current->right, value);
    }

    public:
    void add(T val) {
        if (root) {
            this->addHelper(root, val);
        } else {
            root = new Node<T>(val);
        }
    }

    void print() {
        printHelper(this->root); 
    }

    int nodesCount() {
        return nodesCountHelper(root);
    }

    int height() {
        return heightHelper(this->root);
    }

    void printMaxPath() {
        printMaxPathHelper(this->root);
    }

    bool deleteValue(T value) {
        return this->deleteValueHelper(NULL, this->root, value);
    }
};

int main() {
    BST<int> *bst = new BST<int>();
    bst->add(11);
    bst->add(1);
    bst->add(6);
    bst->add(-1);
    bst->add(-10);
    bst->add(100);
    bst->print();
    cout<<endl;
    cout<<"Nodes count: "<<bst->nodesCount();
    cout<<endl;
    cout<<"Height: "<<bst->height();
    cout<<endl;
    cout<<"Max path: ";
    bst->printMaxPath();
    cout<<endl;
    bst->deleteValue(11);
    cout<<"11 removed: ";
    bst->print();
    cout<<endl;
    cout<<"1 removed: ";
    bst->deleteValue(1);
    bst->print();
    cout<<endl;
    cout<<"-1 removed: ";
    bst->deleteValue(-1);
    bst->print();
    cout<<endl;
    cout<<"6 removed: ";
    bst->deleteValue(6);
    bst->print();
    cout<<endl;
    cout<<"-10 removed: ";
    bst->deleteValue(-10);
    bst->print();
    cout<<endl;
    cout<<"100 removed: ";
    bst->deleteValue(100);
    bst->print();
    cout<<endl;
    return 0;
}

good implementation

Hi guys, nice to meet you all especially seen the implementation of this BST in c++.
I am very junior on Algorithm and I would like anyone to assist me with basics to implement this BST and others in C++. The main challenge is that I am not good in C++ as well in such away that I don't know how to separate source file, main file and header file. Please, if anyone can redirect/point me where I can have the skills I will appreciate.
Rgds.

@dmakweba you can check out my implementation on BST here

make sure to initialize pointers in the constructor, otherwise, it will throw segmentation fault.
The line 12 should be this
Node(int val) : value(val) , left(NULL) , right(NULL) {}

To add to @xiuquanw's comment, the root variable in the BST class should be initialized to NULL. So instead of this:

Node<T> *root;

Add this:

Node<T> *root = NULL;

This is to ensure that when setting up the BST, the root is properly created in line 108.

memory leaks

root does not have to be initialised in C++ 11. Because no user-defined constructor is given for BST, the compiler implicitly defines a default constructor. During value-initialisation, fields will be zero-initialised because of the presence of this implicitly defined default constructor. Because pointers are a scalar type, they will be initialised to 0 i.e. NULL

@supratikn, of course, destructor is not implemented.