ruby Digest::* benchmark

1.9.3-p0.log

ruby 1.9.3p0 (2011-10-30 revision 33570) [x86_64-linux]
Rehearsal ------------------------------------------
MD5      1.010000   0.000000   1.010000 (  1.026340)
SHA1     1.710000   0.000000   1.710000 (  1.724464)
SHA2     3.780000   0.000000   3.780000 (  3.824757)
SHA256   3.460000   0.010000   3.470000 (  3.498111)
--------------------------------- total: 9.970000sec

             user     system      total        real
MD5      1.020000   0.000000   1.020000 (  1.025751)
SHA1     1.700000   0.000000   1.700000 (  1.723694)
SHA2     3.770000   0.000000   3.770000 (  3.816861)
SHA256   3.450000   0.010000   3.460000 (  3.490535)

digest_bench.rb

require 'digest/sha1'
require 'digest/sha2'
require 'benchmark'

SRC = File.read '/dev/urandom', 4096

Benchmark.bmbm do |bm|
  bm.report('MD5')    { 100000.times{ Digest::MD5.hexdigest    SRC } }
  bm.report('SHA1')   { 100000.times{ Digest::SHA1.hexdigest   SRC } }
  bm.report('SHA2')   { 100000.times{ Digest::SHA2.hexdigest   SRC } }
  bm.report('SHA256') { 100000.times{ Digest::SHA256.hexdigest SRC } }
end

ree-2011.03.log

ruby 1.8.7 (2011-02-18 patchlevel 334) [x86_64-linux], MBARI 0x6770, Ruby Enterprise Edition 2011.03
Rehearsal ------------------------------------------
MD5      1.200000   0.000000   1.200000 (  1.215786)
SHA1     1.900000   0.000000   1.900000 (  1.923869)
SHA2     4.240000   0.000000   4.240000 (  4.280306)
SHA256   3.640000   0.000000   3.640000 (  3.675077)
-------------------------------- total: 10.980000sec

             user     system      total        real
MD5      1.200000   0.000000   1.200000 (  1.213259)
SHA1     1.910000   0.000000   1.910000 (  1.929293)
SHA2     4.240000   0.010000   4.250000 (  4.289109)
SHA256   3.640000   0.000000   3.640000 (  3.668232)

Any idea why Ruby 3.x is much slower than Ruby 2.x with Digest performances?

ruby 2.7.2p137 (2020-10-01 revision 5445e04352) [x86_64-linux]

Rehearsal ------------------------------------------
MD5      0.574656   0.000119   0.574775 (  0.574811)
SHA1     0.261374   0.000011   0.261385 (  0.261393)
SHA2     0.336301   0.000003   0.336304 (  0.336328)
SHA256   0.281675   0.000000   0.281675 (  0.281701)
--------------------------------- total: 1.454139sec

             user     system      total        real
MD5      0.571611   0.000000   0.571611 (  0.571662)
SHA1     0.262690   0.000000   0.262690 (  0.262703)
SHA2     0.336247   0.000001   0.336248 (  0.336277)
SHA256   0.280140   0.000000   0.280140 (  0.280164)

ruby 3.0.2p107 (2021-07-07 revision 0db68f0233) [x86_64-linux]

Rehearsal ------------------------------------------
MD5      0.599872   0.000192   0.600064 (  0.600097)
SHA1     0.572730   0.000011   0.572741 (  0.572760)
SHA2     1.567906   0.000001   1.567907 (  1.567991)
SHA256   1.519071   0.000000   1.519071 (  1.519210)
--------------------------------- total: 4.259783sec

             user     system      total        real
MD5      0.598482   0.000000   0.598482 (  0.598519)
SHA1     0.573576   0.000000   0.573576 (  0.573655)
SHA2     1.560271   0.000000   1.560271 (  1.560460)
SHA256   1.519918   0.000000   1.519918 (  1.520137)

On a debian system with ruby 3.2.0 Digest::MD5 and OpenSSL::Digest::MD5 have very different results for me.
On my M1 Mac they are mostly the same.

require 'benchmark'
require 'openssl'
require 'digest'

SRC = File.read '/dev/urandom', 4096

Benchmark.bmbm do |bm|
  bm.report('MD5') { 100000.times{ Digest::MD5.hexdigest(SRC) } }
  bm.report('MD5 OpenSSL') { 100000.times{ OpenSSL::Digest::MD5.new.hexdigest(SRC) } }
end

                    user     system      total        real
MD5             2.649720   0.000000   2.649720 (  2.649962)
MD5 OpenSSL     1.030964   0.000000   1.030964 (  1.031064)