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Created July 1, 2022 02:53
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Windows 11 Cheatsheet
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windows-11-cheatsheet.md

Windows 11 Cheatsheet

⚠️ All scripts in this document should be executed in Windows Powershell as Administrator.

Windows Defender ignore list

ForEach ($item in @(
  "${env:WINDIR}\System32\drivers\etc\hosts"
  "D:\Apps"
  "E:\Install"
)) { Add-MpPreference -ExclusionPath (Convert-Path -Path $item) }

Powershell

Update help for powershell:

Update-Help -ErrorAction Ignore

Allow to run PS scripts:

Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned

Mount network shares

$cred = Get-Credential -Message "Enter NAS User credentials"
$drives = @{
    B = "\\192.168.50.123\Books"
    H = "\\192.168.50.123\Homes\admin"
    M = "\\192.168.50.123\Music\Музыка"
    V = "\\192.168.50.123\Videos"
}; foreach($driveLetter in $drives.keys) {
  Remove-PSDrive -Name $driveLetter -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
  New-PSDrive -Name $driveLetter -Root $drives[$driveLetter] -Persist -PSProvider "FileSystem" -Credential $cred
}

WinGet (Windows Package Manager CLI)

⚠️ Note: winget app is not available by default. App Installer app needs to be installed first (using Microsoft Store).

Search for packages

winget search <appName>

List installed apps

winget list

Update apps

winget upgrade --all

Install packages

ForEach ($item in @(
  #"SteelSeries.GG"
  #"Nvidia.GeForceExperience" 

  ###> Internet
  "AgileBits.1Password"
  "Discord.Discord"
  "Google.Chrome"
  "Mozilla.Firefox"
  "Notion.Notion"
  "qBittorrent.qBittorrent"
  "SlackTechnologies.Slack"
  "Telegram.TelegramDesktop"
  #"TorProject.TorBrowser"
  "Viber.Viber"
  "WireGuard.WireGuard"
  #"Cloudflare.Warp" # CloudFlare's VPN
  #"tailscale.tailscale"
  #"Transmission.Transmission"
  ###< Internet

  ###> System
  "7zip.7zip"
  "CrystalDewWorld.CrystalDiskInfo"
  "CrystalDewWorld.CrystalDiskMark"
  "CrystalRich.LockHunter"
  "Implbits.HashTab"
  "REALiX.HWiNFO" # Hardware Analysis, Monitoring and Reporting
  "Rufus.Rufus"
  "Synology.DriveClient"
  "TeamViewer.TeamViewer"
  "WinDirStat.WinDirStat"
  #"WiseCleaner.WiseRegistryCleaner"
  #"WiseCleaner.WiseProgramUninstaller"
  #"WiseCleaner.WiseDiskCleaner"
  #"HermannSchinagl.LinkShellExtension"
  #"Piriform.CCleaner"
  #"Piriform.Defraggler"
  #"Piriform.Recuva"
  #"Piriform.Speccy"
  ###< System

  ###> Media
  "CodecGuide.K-LiteCodecPack.Mega"
  "HandBrake.HandBrake" # Video converter
  "XnSoft.XnViewMP"
  #"VideoLAN.VLC"
  ###< Media

  ###> Runtimes, language interpriters
  "Microsoft.OpenJDK.11" # LTS
  "Microsoft.VC++2015-2019Redist-x64"
  "Microsoft.VC++2015-2019Redist-x86"
  "OpenJS.NodeJS.LTS"
  "Python.Python.3"
  #"AdoptOpenJDK.OpenJDK.11" # LTS
  ###< Runtimes, language interpriters

  ###> Developer tools, editors, IDEs
  "Git.Git"
  "JetBrains.Toolbox"
  "Microsoft.VisualStudioCode"
  #"Amazon.AWSCLI"
  #"Amazon.SAM-CLI"
  #"Docker.DockerDesktop"
  #"GitHub.cli"
  #"SublimeHQ.SublimeMerge"
  #"SublimeHQ.SublimeText.4"
  ###< Developer tools, editors, IDEs

  ###> Games
  #"EpicGames.EpicGamesLauncher"
  #"Libretro.RetroArch"
  #"Valve.Steam"
  ###< Games

  ###> Office
  "LibreOffice.LibreOffice"
  "TrackerSoftware.PDF-XChangeEditor"
  ###< Office
)) { winget install --id $item --accept-source-agreements }

Universal time

For fixing incorrect time in Windows with dual-boot installed linux, import following to registry:

Enable:

Set-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\TimeZoneInformation" -Name "RealTimeIsUniversal" -Type DWord -Value 1

Disable:

Set-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\TimeZoneInformation" -Name "RealTimeIsUniversal" -Type DWord -Value 0


Visual Studio Code

Install using winget

winget install Microsoft.VisualStudioCode

Use config from my dotfiles repo:

Invoke-WebRequest https://raw.githubusercontent.com/alexander-danilenko/dotfiles/main/.config/Code/User/settings.json -OutFile "${env:APPDATA}\Code\User\settings.json"

Following command installs code extensions by extension id:

ForEach ($extension in @(
    "acarreiro.calculate"                # Calculates inline math expr
    "amazonwebservices.aws-toolkit-vscode" # AWS toolkit
    "christian-kohler.path-intellisense" # File path autocomplete
    "coenraads.bracket-pair-colorizer"   # Bracket Pair Colorizer
    "dakara.transformer"                 # Filter, Sort, Unique, Reverse, Align, CSV, Line Selection, Text Transformations and Macros
    "editorconfig.editorconfig"          # EditorConfig support
    "esbenp.prettier-vscode"             # Prettier - Code formatter
    "golang.go"                          # Golang support
    "hookyqr.beautify"                   # HTML/JSON beautifier
    "mhutchie.git-graph"                 # Git graph
    "mikestead.dotenv"                   # .env support
    "ms-azuretools.vscode-docker"        # Docker support
    "ms-python.python"                   # Python support
    "ms-vscode-remote.remote-ssh"        # SSH support 
    "tommasov.hosts"                     # Hosts file syntax highlighter.
    "tyriar.lorem-ipsum"                 # Lorem Ipsum generator
    "william-voyek.vscode-nginx"         # nginx.conf support
    "yzhang.markdown-all-in-one"         # Markdown tools
    #"alefragnani.Bookmarks"             # Bookmarks
    #"TabNine.tabnine-vscode"            # AI-assisted autocomplete

    # Node/NPM/Yarn specific extensions
    "christian-kohler.npm-intellisense" # NPM better autocomplete
    "dbaeumer.vscode-eslint"           # Eslint support
    "mariusschulz.yarn-lock-syntax"    # yarn.lock syntax highlight

    # PHP/Drupal specific extensions
    "ikappas.composer" # Composer support
    "ikappas.phpcs"    # PHP CodeSniffer

    # Themes
    "github.github-vscode-theme"    # GitHub color theme
    "pkief.material-icon-theme"     # Material Icon Theme
    "rokoroku.vscode-theme-darcula" # JetBrains-like theme.
)) { code --install-extension $extension --force }


Node.js

Install node:

winget install --id OpenJS.NodeJS.LTS

⚠️ NOTE: Before installing npm packages you need to restart terminal!

NPM global packages:

$packages=@(
  "bower"
  "dynamodb-admin" # Handy Web-UI for viewing local DynamoDB data
  "eslint"
  "eslint-config-airbnb"
  "eslint-config-google"
  "eslint-config-standard"
  "eslint-plugin-import"
  "eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y"
  "eslint-plugin-node"
  "eslint-plugin-promise"
  "eslint-plugin-react"
  "eslint-plugin-react-hooks"
  "firebase-tools"
  "flow"
  "flow-bin"
  "gulp"
  "http-server"
  "lsp"
  "snyk"
  "typescript"
  "vscode-css-languageserver-bin"
  "vscode-html-languageserver-bin"
  "yarn"
); npm install -g $packages

Common commands

Action Command
Disable password prompt on windows load netplwiz
Reset DNS ipconfig /flushdns; netsh winsock reset

WSL2

Enable WSL (Windows Subsystem Linux) and set WSL2 as the default.

wsl --install
wsl --set-default-version 2

List all available to install distros:

wsl --list --online

⚠️ NOTE: After WSL installation and before installing any distro you need to reboot!

Install distros:

wsl --install --distribution Ubuntu-20.04
wsl --install --distribution Debian

List installed versions:

wsl --list --verbose

Get distro ip address:

wsl --distribution Ubuntu-20.04 --exec ip route list default

✨ Check out my Ubuntu Cheatsheet.

Docksal (WSL2)

⚠️ Make sure you have WSLv2 engine used for Ubuntu distro by running wsl --list --verbose. VERSION should be 2.

Run Windows Terminal, open Ubuntu terminal tab.

Install docker using docker repos (run in Ubuntu shell):

curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg && \
echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null && \
sudo apt update && \
sudo apt install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli docker-compose

Add current user to docker user group (run in Ubuntu shell):

sudo usermod -aG docker "$USER" && \
newgrp docker

Install Docksal (run in Ubuntu shell):

bash <(curl -fsSL https://get.docksal.io) && \
fin config set --global DOCKSAL_VHOST_PROXY_IP=127.0.0.1 && \
fin config set --global DOCKSAL_DNS_DOMAIN=docksal.site && \
fin system reset vhost-proxy

Grab WSL Distro IP (run in Ubuntu shell):

ip route list default

Add all projects to windows hosts using WSL distro IP.

Backup

$backupDate=$(Get-Date -Format 'yyyyMMdd_HHmm')
$dirs=@{
  $env:USERNAME = $env:USERPROFILE
  APPDATA = $env:APPDATA
}; foreach ($key in $dirs.GetEnumerator()) {
  $backupDir=$($key.Value)
  $backupType=$($key.Name)
  $archiveName="${backupDate}_${backupType}.zip"

  Write-Host -ForegroundColor Yellow "Archiving '$backupDir' to '$archiveName'..."
  Compress-Archive $backupDir -Force -CompressionLevel NoCompression -DestinationPath $archiveName
  Write-Host -ForegroundColor Green "Archive created: $archiveName"
}
pause

Edit hosts

code %SystemRoot%\System32\drivers\etc\hosts

List of ENVIRONMENT variables

See table
Variable Volatile (Read-Only) Default value assuming the system drive is C:
ALLUSERSPROFILE C:\ProgramData
APPDATA C:\Users{username}\AppData\Roaming
CD Y The current directory (string).
ClientName Y Terminal servers only - the ComputerName of a remote host.
CMDEXTVERSION Y The current Command Processor Extensions version number. (NT = "1", Win2000+ = "2".)
CMDCMDLINE Y The original command line that invoked the Command Processor.
CommonProgramFiles C:\Program Files\Common Files
COMMONPROGRAMFILES(x86) C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files
COMPUTERNAME {computername}
COMSPEC C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe or if running a 32 bit WOW - C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cmd.exe
DATE Y The current date using same region specific format as DATE.
ERRORLEVEL Y The current ERRORLEVEL value, automatically set when a program exits.
FPS_BROWSER_APP_PROFILE_STRING FPS_BROWSER_USER_PROFILE_STRING Internet Explorer Default These are undocumented variables for the Edge browser in Windows 10.
HighestNumaNodeNumber Y (hidden) The highest NUMA node number on this computer.
HOMEDRIVE Y C:
HOMEPATH Y \Users{username}
LOCALAPPDATA C:\Users{username}\AppData\Local
LOGONSERVER \{domain_logon_server}
NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS Y The Number of processors running on the machine.
PATH User and System C:\Windows\System32;C:\Windows;C:\Windows\System32\Wbem;{plus program paths}
PATHEXT .COM; .EXE; .BAT; .CMD; .VBS; .VBE; .JS ; .WSF; .WSH; .MSC Determine the default executable file extensions to search for and use, and in which order, left to right. The syntax is like the PATH variable - semicolon separators.
PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE Y AMD64/IA64/x86 This doesn't tell you the architecture of the processor but only of the current process, so it returns "x86" for a 32 bit WOW process running on 64 bit Windows. See detecting OS 32/64 bit
PROCESSOR_ARCHITEW6432 =%PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE% (but only available to 64 bit processes)
PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER Y Processor ID of the user's workstation.
PROCESSOR_LEVEL Y Processor level of the user's workstation.
PROCESSOR_REVISION Y Processor version of the user's workstation.
ProgramW6432 =%ProgramFiles%(but only available when running under a 64 bit OS)
ProgramData C:\ProgramData
ProgramFiles C:\Program Files or C:\Program Files (x86)
ProgramFiles(x86) 1 C:\Program Files (x86) (but only available when running under a 64 bit OS)
PROMPT Code for current command prompt format,usually $P$G C:>
PSModulePath %SystemRoot%\system32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\Modules\
Public C:\Users\Public
RANDOM Y A random integer number, anything from 0 to 32,767 (inclusive).
%SessionName% Terminal servers only - for a terminal server session, SessionName is a combination of the connection name, followed by #SessionNumber. For a console session, SessionName returns "Console".
SYSTEMDRIVE C:
SYSTEMROOT By default, Windows is installed to C:\Windows but there's no guarantee of that, Windows can be installed to a different folder, or a different drive letter. systemroot is a read-only system variable that will resolve to the correct location. Defaults in early Windows versions are C:\WINNT, C:\WINNT35 and C:\WTSRV
TEMP and TMP User Variable C:\Users{Username}\AppData\Local\Temp Under XP this was {username}\Local Settings\Temp
TIME Y The current time using same format as TIME.
UserDnsDomain Y User Variable Set if a user is a logged on to a domain and returns the fully qualified DNS domain that the currently logged on user's account belongs to.
USERDOMAIN {userdomain}
USERDOMAIN_roamingprofile The user domain for RDS or standard roaming profile paths. Windows 8/10/2012 (or Windows 7/2008 with Q2664408)
USERNAME {username}
USERPROFILE %SystemDrive%\Users{username} This is equivalent to the $HOME environment variable in Unix/Linux
WINDIR %windir% is a regular User variable and can be changed, which makes it less robust than %SystemRoot% Set by default as windir=%SystemRoot% %WinDir% pre-dates Windows NT, its use in many places has been replaced by the system variable: %SystemRoot%
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