class_eval.rb

#(Ruby - Using class_eval to define methods)[http://stackoverflow.com/questions/9561072/ruby-using-class-eval-to-define-methods]
class Class
    def attr_accessor_with_history(attr_name)
        attr_name = attr_name.to_s # make sure it's a string
        attr_reader attr_name
        attr_reader attr_name+"_history"
        class_eval %Q"
            def #{attr_name}=(value)
                if !defined? @#{attr_name}_history
                    @#{attr_name}_history = [@#{attr_name}]
                end
                @#{attr_name} = value
                @#{attr_name}_history << value
            end
        "
    end
end

class Foo
    attr_accessor_with_history :bar
end

class Foo2
    attr_accessor_with_history :bar
    def initialize()
        @bar = 'init'
    end
end

f = Foo.new
f.bar = 1
f.bar = nil
f.bar = '2'
f.bar = [1,nil,'2',:three]
f.bar = :three
puts "First bar:", f.bar.inspect, f.bar_history.inspect
puts "Correct?", f.bar_history == [f.class.new.bar, 1, nil, '2', [1,nil,'2',:three], :three] ? "yes" : "no"
old_bar_history = f.bar_history.inspect

f2 = Foo2.new
f2.bar = 'baz'
f2.bar = f2
puts "\nSecond bar:", f2.bar.inspect, f2.bar_history.inspect
puts "Correct?", f2.bar_history == [f2.class.new.bar, 'baz', f2] ? "yes" : "no"

puts "\nIs the old f.bar intact?", f.bar_history.inspect == old_bar_history ? "yes" : "no"

sphinx_indexer.rb

# encoding: utf-8
module SphinxIndexable
  module Question
    def self.included(base)
      base.class_eval <<-"end_eval"  
        define_index do
          indexes title
          indexes content
          #indexes identity_taggings.tag(:name), as: :identity_tags
          #indexes timeline_taggings.tag(:name), as: :timeline_tags
          #indexes category_taggings.tag(:name), :as => :category_tags
          indexes tag_taggings.tag(:name), :as => :tag_tags
          #has identity_taggings.tag(:id), as: :identity_tags
          #has timeline_taggings.tag(:id), as: :timeline_tags
          where "deleted_at is null"
          #声明使用实时索引
          set_property :delta => true
        end
      end_eval
    end
  end

  module Knowledge
    def self.included(base)
      base.class_eval <<-"end_eval"  
        define_index do
          indexes title
          indexes summary
          indexes content
          #indexes identity_taggings.tag(:name), as: :identity_tags
          #indexes timeline_taggings.tag(:name), as: :timeline_tags
          #indexes category_taggings.tag(:name), :as => :category_tags
          indexes tag_taggings.tag(:name), :as => :tag_tags
          #has identity_taggings.tag(:id), as: :identity_tags
          #has timeline_taggings.tag(:id), as: :timeline_tags
          where "deleted_at is null"
          #声明使用实时索引
          set_property :delta => true
        end
      end_eval
    end
  end

  module Profile
    def self.included(base)
      base.class_eval <<-"end_eval"  
        define_index do
          indexes nickname
          indexes label
          indexes real_name
          indexes user.email
          #声明使用实时索引
          set_property :delta => true
        end
      end_eval
    end
  end

  module Group
    def self.included(base)
      base.class_eval <<-"end_eval"  
        define_index do
          indexes name
          where "deleted_at is null"
          #声明使用实时索引
          set_property :delta => true
        end
      end_eval
    end
  end
  
  module Goods
    def self.included(base)
      base.class_eval <<-"end_eval"  
        define_index do
          indexes goods_name
          indexes goods_brief
          indexes goods_desc
          where "is_on_sale is true"
          #声明使用实时索引
          #set_property :delta => true
        end
      end_eval
    end
  end
end
=begin
#how to call
class Group < ActiveRecord::Base
  #establish_connection :group_development
  establish_connection "group_#{Rails.env}"

  include SphinxIndexable::Group
end
=end

try_class_eval.rb

#[Callbacks相关的源码在callbacks.rb文件里](http://rails-everyday.group.iteye.com/group/wiki/1145)
module ActiveRecord
  module Callbacks
    CALLBACKS = %w(
      after_find after_initialize before_save after_save before_create after_create before_update after_update before_validation
      after_validation before_validation_on_create after_validation_on_create before_validation_on_update
      after_validation_on_update before_destroy after_destroy
    )

    def self.included(base) #:nodoc:
      base.extend(ClassMethods)
      base.class_eval do
        class << self
          include Observable
          alias_method_chain :instantiate, :callbacks
        end

        [:initialize, :create_or_update, :valid?, :create, :update, :destroy].each do |method|
          alias_method_chain method, :callbacks
        end
      end

      CALLBACKS.each do |method|
        base.class_eval <<-"end_eval"
          def self.#{method}(*callbacks, &block)
            callbacks << block if block_given?
            write_inheritable_array(#{method.to_sym.inspect}, callbacks)
          end
        end_eval
      end
    end

    module ClassMethods #:nodoc:
      def instantiate_with_callbacks(record)
        object = instantiate_without_callbacks(record)

        if object.respond_to_without_attributes?(:after_find)
          object.send(:callback, :after_find)
        end

        if object.respond_to_without_attributes?(:after_initialize)
          object.send(:callback, :after_initialize)
        end

        object
      end
    end

    def create_or_update_with_callbacks #:nodoc:
      return false if callback(:before_save) == false
      result = create_or_update_without_callbacks
      callback(:after_save)
      result
    end

    def create_with_callbacks #:nodoc:
      return false if callback(:before_create) == false
      result = create_without_callbacks
      callback(:after_create)
      result
    end

    def update_with_callbacks #:nodoc:
      return false if callback(:before_update) == false
      result = update_without_callbacks
      callback(:after_update)
      result
    end

    def valid_with_callbacks? #:nodoc:
      return false if callback(:before_validation) == false
      if new_record? then result = callback(:before_validation_on_create) else result = callback(:before_validation_on_update) end
      return false if result == false

      result = valid_without_callbacks?

      callback(:after_validation)
      if new_record? then callback(:after_validation_on_create) else callback(:after_validation_on_update) end

      return result
    end

    def destroy_with_callbacks #:nodoc:
      return false if callback(:before_destroy) == false
      result = destroy_without_callbacks
      callback(:after_destroy)
      result
    end

    private
      def callback(method)
        notify(method)

        callbacks_for(method).each do |callback|
          result = case callback
            when Symbol
              self.send(callback)
            when String
              eval(callback, binding)
            when Proc, Method
              callback.call(self)
            else
              if callback.respond_to?(method)
                callback.send(method, self)
              else
                raise ActiveRecordError, "Callbacks must be a symbol denoting the method to call, a string to be evaluated, a block to be invoked, or an object responding to the callback method."
              end
          end
          return false if result == false
        end

        result = send(method) if respond_to_without_attributes?(method)

        return result
      end

      def callbacks_for(method)
        self.class.read_inheritable_attribute(method.to_sym) or []
      end

  end
end


class Knowledge User < ActiveRecord::Base
  class << self
    extend ThinkingSphinx::Index::ClassMethods
  end
  self.class_eval do
    extend ThinkingSphinx::Index::ClassMethods
  end
  # ...
end
class Index
  def knowledge_index
    "asdfasdfa"
  end
end