Associated.swift

import Foundation

enum TargetEnum: Codable {
  case first(SomeObject)
  case second(OtherObject)

  enum CodingKeys: CodingKey {
    case type
  }

  init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
    let container = try decoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
    let type = try container.decode(String.self, forKey: .type)

    switch type {
    case "first":
      try self = .first(SomeObject(from: decoder))
    case "second":
      try self = .second(OtherObject(from: decoder))
    default:
      let context = DecodingError.Context(codingPath: decoder.codingPath,
                                          debugDescription: "Unexpected type: \(type)")
      throw DecodingError.dataCorrupted(context)
    }
  }

  func encode(to encoder: Encoder) throws {
    var container = encoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)

    switch self {
    case .first(let object):
      try container.encode("first", forKey: .type)
      try object.encode(to: encoder)
    case .second(let object):
      try container.encode("second", forKey: .type)
      try object.encode(to: encoder)
    }
  }
}

struct SomeObject: Codable {
  let name: String
}

struct OtherObject: Codable {
  let number: Int
}

// Encoding
let anObject = SomeObject(name: "Hello, World!")
let valueToEncode = TargetEnum.first(anObject)

let encoded = try! JSONEncoder().encode(valueToEncode)
print(String(data: encoded, encoding: .utf8)!)

/* OUTPUT:
 {"type":"first","name":"Hello, World!"}
 */


// Decoding
let data = """
[{
  "type": "first",
  "name": "Test"
}, {
  "type": "second",
  "number": 10
}]
""".data(using: .utf8)!

let decoded = try! JSONDecoder().decode([TargetEnum].self, from: data)
print(decoded)

/* OUTPUT:

 [__lldb_expr_66.TargetEnum.first(__lldb_expr_66.SomeObject(name: "Test")),
  __lldb_expr_66.TargetEnum.second(__lldb_expr_66.OtherObject(number: 10))]

 */