Reproduce the bug that inline foreign key in create table is ignored by MySQL: https://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=17943 & https://stackoverflow.com/a/60103054/11691878

mysql.sql

-- $ mysql --version
-- mysql  Ver 8.0.24 for Linux on x86_64 (Source distribution)

create table a(id int primary key);
-- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

create table b(id int primary key, fk int references a(id));
-- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)

insert into b values (1, 2);
-- Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

create table c(id int primary key, fk int, foreign key (fk) references a(id));
-- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

insert into c values (1, 2);
-- ERROR 1452 (23000): Cannot add or update a child row: a foreign key constraint fails (`test`.`c`, CONSTRAINT `c_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`fk`) REFERENCES `a` (`id`))