Casts (and shows) a ray detecting all objects and their multiple components from the mouse cursor position outward from the camera position in the camera's direction. Always works in only Scene pane, but Gizmos needs to be on and the direction away from camera changed to see in Game pane.

ShowHitsComps.cs

    // Update is called once per frame
    private void Update()
    {
        ShowHitsComps();
    }

    /** 
        Casts (and shows) a ray detecting all objects and their multiple components from the mouse cursor 
        position outward from the camera position in the camera's direction. Always works in only Scene 
        pane, but Gizmos needs to be on and the direction away from camera changed to see in Game pane.
    */
    void ShowHitsComps()
    {
        Vector3 origin = Camera.main.ScreenToWorldPoint(Input.mousePosition);
        Vector3 direction = Camera.main.transform.forward;  //or just Vector3.forward;
        Debug.DrawRay(origin, direction * 20f);

        List<RaycastHit2D> hits = Physics2D.RaycastAll(origin, direction).ToList();

        if (hits.Count > 0)
        {
            foreach (RaycastHit2D hit in hits)
            {
                foreach (var component in hit.transform.gameObject.GetComponents<Component>())
                {
                    Debug.Log(hits.Count + ", " + hit.transform.gameObject.name + ", " + component.ToString());
                }
            }
            Debug.Log("================");

        }
        else
        {
            Debug.Log(hits.Count);
        }

    }