For those who prefer to avoid solutions like iCloud Photos and Dropbox for backing up photos, you can sync your iPhone photos with Syncthing. To do this, you'll need two things:
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Möbius Sync is, to my knowledge, the only actively-maintained Syncthing client for iOS. It's free to sync up to 20 MB, and only $4.99 (one-time) to remove that limit.
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PhotoSync is a nifty iOS app for syncing photos to a number of different destinations. It's free for low-quality transfers, and $6.49 annually for full-quality, background transfers.
First, configure Möbius Sync so that you're syncing a local folder somewhere. The key here is that we can add files to a folder exposed in Files.app, and changes to that folder will (eventually) be picked up by Möbius Sync and synced to whatever destination you've configured.
Second, configure PhotoSync to automatically transfer your photos to said folder. As I noted above, you can use the Autotransfer feature to automate this. Now you're done!
This setup is pretty simple, but I've been looking for it for a while and haven't seen it documented anywhere.
There are some caveats to this approach:
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Unless you configure PhotoSync to delete photos after transfer, storage space consumed by photos on your device will double.
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Synchronization is not instant; there's delay between (1) when PhotoSync copies your photos/videos to your Syncthing folder and (2) when Möbius Sync picks up changes to said folder.
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Neither PhotoSync nor Möbius Sync are fully open source.
That being said, I think this approach still makes a lot of sense if you're concerned about your privacy or want to keep your data out of the cloud. Plus, the PhotoSync team says they're planning on adding an optional pre-sync encryption feature, which is neat if that's something you're interested in.
It's worth noting that the Möbius Sync team is working on getting photo upload working in the app eventually.
Update, 3 Feb 2024: When the backup on my phone gets too large, I move the backups out of the synced folder and configure PhotoSync to only back up photos newer than the current day. This has worked well enough so far.
@Valcyclovir
So does the Pixel 1 download and store all photos from the nas? One concern is that the phone will not have enough storage for all photos, but syncthing should pause the download if free space is too low and continue once google photos frees up space.
But a more important issue is: if google photos uploads/deletes older photos, then won't syncthing re-download those deleted photos again? Then the phone will always have the same photos, there won't be enough free space for the rest of the nas photos, and thus not all nas photos will be uploaded to google. I wonder if setting pixel's syncthing to be receive-only and to ignore deletes would make it not resync photos deleted by google photos. I'm guessing that In order for ignore deletes to work, syncthing must have a database to keep track of what was already synced. If that is the case, then replacing the phone or re-installing the syncthing client will lose the database and it'll try to sync the same photos already backed up to google. Ideally, google photos can recognize those local files are duplicates of what has already be backed up and delete them locally.