cnn_mnist_example.py

from tensorflow import keras 
from keras.datasets import mnist
from keras.models import Sequential
from keras.layers import Dense, Dropout, Flatten
from keras.layers import Conv2D, MaxPooling2D
from keras import backend as K

# 加载数据集并预处理
(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test) = mnist.load_data()

# 设置参数
num_classes = 10
img_rows, img_cols = 28, 28

# 根据后端调整数据格式
if K.image_data_format() == 'channels_first':
    x_train = x_train.reshape(x_train.shape[0], 1, img_rows, img_cols)
    x_test = x_test.reshape(x_test.shape[0], 1, img_rows, img_cols)
    input_shape = (1, img_rows, img_cols)
else:
    x_train = x_train.reshape(x_train.shape[0], img_rows, img_cols, 1)
    x_test = x_test.reshape(x_test.shape[0], img_rows, img_cols, 1)
    input_shape = (img_rows, img_cols, 1)

# 归一化
x_train = x_train.astype('float32') / 255
x_test = x_test.astype('float32') / 255

# 将标签转换为 one-hot 编码
y_train = keras.utils.to_categorical(y_train, num_classes)
y_test = keras.utils.to_categorical(y_test, num_classes)

# 构建模型
model = Sequential()
model.add(Conv2D(32, kernel_size=(3, 3), activation='relu', input_shape=input_shape))
model.add(MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2, 2)))
model.add(Conv2D(64, (3, 3), activation='relu'))
model.add(MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2, 2)))
model.add(Dropout(0.25)) # 丢弃网络以防止过拟合
model.add(Flatten()) ##扁平化
model.add(Dense(128, activation='relu')) # 全链接层
model.add(Dropout(0.25))  #Dropout扔掉 部分参数
model.add(Dense(num_classes, activation='softmax'))

# 编译模型
model.compile(loss=keras.losses.categorical_crossentropy,
              optimizer=keras.optimizers.Adadelta(),
              metrics=['accuracy'])

# 训练模型
model.fit(x_train, y_train,
          batch_size=128,
          epochs=100,
          verbose=1,
          validation_data=(x_test, y_test))

# 测试模型
score = model.evaluate(x_test, y_test, verbose=0)
print('Test loss:', score[0])
print('Test accuracy:', score[1])