How to Install Nginx, MariaDB, PHP-FPM on Ubuntu 20.04

install-nginx-mariadb-phpfpm-on-ubuntu-20.04.md

How to Install Nginx, MariaDB, PHP-FPM on Ubuntu 20.04

This is a way to install and set up Nginx, MariaDB and PHP-FPM on Ubuntu 20.04.

NOTE: This has been prepared for ease of use in mind, not security, mostly in development machine. Please do not use these instructions to setup on a public server environment. Use other proper manuals instead.

First fetch the latest package list of Ubuntu:

$ sudo apt update

Nginx

$ sudo apt install nginx -y
$ sudo systemctl start nginx
$ sudo systemctl enable nginx

Firewall Setup

$ sudo ufw allow ssh
$ sudo ufw allow http
$ sudo ufw enable

MariaDB

$ sudo apt install mariadb-server -y
$ sudo mysql_secure_installation

Follow the instruction to what you need. After it ends, try to login:

$ sudo mysql -u root -p

And if you can not login with error message like Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' let's log in to mysql using sudo first

$ sudo mysql -u root -p

In order to create a password, first we have to hash the string first:

SELECT PASSWORD('verysecretchangeit');

For example we get this hashed string: *54958E764CE10E50764C2EECBB71D01F08549980

ALTER USER root@localhost IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*54958E764CE10E50764C2EECBB71D01F08549980';

Restart MariaDB service

$ sudo service mariadb restart

Now, you have access to account root.

Installing PHP-FPM

Nginx uses PHP-FPM and for convenient, we use Ondrej Sury's PPA, so we can install multiple versions of PHP.

$ sudo apt install libapache2-mod-fcgid
$ sudo apt install software-properties-common
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php && sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install -y php7.4 php7.4-fpm php7.4-curl php7.4-gd php7.4-json php7.4-mbstring php7.4-mysql php7.4-opcache php7.4-xml php7.4-xmlrpc php7.4-fileinfo php7.4-imagick php-pear
$ sudo service php7.4-fpm start

Check if PHP operated using Netstat:

$ netstat -pl | grep php

You're good to go if the result is similar to the text below:

(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info
 will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     30323    -                    /run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock

Nginx and PHP-FPM Configuration

$ vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

Uncomment the following lines.

keepalive_timeout 2;
server_tokens off;

Save the config file.

$ vi sites-available/default

Add or change this line:

location ~ \.php$ {
    include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
    fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;
}

Save it and exit.

Test nginx config and make sure there's no error

$ sudo nginx -t

then restart the service

$ sudo systemctl reload nginx

PHP-FPM Configuration

Go to /etc/php/7.4/fpm and edit php.ini file

Uncomment cgi.fix_pathinfo, change value to 0

cgi.fix_pathinfo=0

Save and exit.

Reload PHP-FPM service

$ sudo service php7.4-fpm restart

If you like to install PHP 8.1 here's the command:

sudo apt install php8.1 php8.1-fpm php8.1-curl php8.1-gd php8.1-mbstring php8.1-mysql php8.1-opcache php8.1-xml php8.1-common php8.1-imagick

If you need to install Xdebug, here's the command for PHP 7.4:

sudo apt install php7.4-xdebug

how to add domains to this server.

how to add domains to this server.

Would you clarify your question more? Whose or which server do you want to add domains with?

To install PHP 8.3 use this command below:

sudo apt install -y php8.3 php8.3-fpm php8.3-cli php8.3-{curl,gd,mbstring,mysql,opcache,xml,xmlrpc,fileinfo,imagick,pgsql,xdebug,intl}