AVLTree in Java

AVLTree.java

import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;

public class AVLTree {
    public class Node {
        private Node left, right, parent;
        private int height = 1;
        private int value;

        private Node (int val) {
            this.value = val;
        }
    }
    private int height (Node N) {
        if (N == null)
            return 0;
        return N.height;
    }

    private Node insert(Node node, int value) {
        /* 1.  Perform the normal BST rotation */
        if (node == null) {
            return(new Node(value));
        }

        if (value < node.value)
            node.left  = insert(node.left, value);
        else
            node.right = insert(node.right, value);

        /* 2. Update height of this ancestor node */
        node.height = Math.max(height(node.left), height(node.right)) + 1;

        /* 3. Get the balance factor of this ancestor node to check whether
           this node became unbalanced */
        int balance = getBalance(node);

        // If this node becomes unbalanced, then there are 4 cases

        // Left Left Case
        if (balance > 1 && value < node.left.value)
            return rightRotate(node);

        // Right Right Case
        if (balance < -1 && value > node.right.value)
            return leftRotate(node);

        // Left Right Case
        if (balance > 1 && value > node.left.value)
        {
            node.left =  leftRotate(node.left);
            return rightRotate(node);
        }

        // Right Left Case
        if (balance < -1 && value < node.right.value)
        {
            node.right = rightRotate(node.right);
            return leftRotate(node);
        }

        /* return the (unchanged) node pointer */
        return node;
    }

    private Node rightRotate(Node y) {
        Node x = y.left;
        Node T2 = x.right;

        // Perform rotation
        x.right = y;
        y.left = T2;

        // Update heights
        y.height = Math.max(height(y.left), height(y.right))+1;
        x.height = Math.max(height(x.left), height(x.right))+1;

        // Return new root
        return x;
    }

    private Node leftRotate(Node x) {
        Node y = x.right;
        Node T2 = y.left;

        // Perform rotation
        y.left = x;
        x.right = T2;

        //  Update heights
        x.height = Math.max(height(x.left), height(x.right))+1;
        y.height = Math.max(height(y.left), height(y.right))+1;

        // Return new root
        return y;
    }

    // Get Balance factor of node N
    private int getBalance(Node N) {
        if (N == null)
            return 0;
        return height(N.left) - height(N.right);
    }

    public void preOrder(Node root) {
        if (root != null) {
            preOrder(root.left);
            System.out.printf("%d ", root.value);
            preOrder(root.right);
        }
    }

    private Node minValueNode(Node node) {
        Node current = node;
        /* loop down to find the leftmost leaf */
        while (current.left != null)
            current = current.left;
        return current;
    }

    private Node deleteNode(Node root, int value) {
        // STEP 1: PERFORM STANDARD BST DELETE

        if (root == null)
            return root;

        // If the value to be deleted is smaller than the root's value,
        // then it lies in left subtree
        if ( value < root.value )
            root.left = deleteNode(root.left, value);

        // If the value to be deleted is greater than the root's value,
        // then it lies in right subtree
        else if( value > root.value )
            root.right = deleteNode(root.right, value);

        // if value is same as root's value, then This is the node
        // to be deleted
        else {
            // node with only one child or no child
            if( (root.left == null) || (root.right == null) ) {

                Node temp;
                if (root.left != null)
                        temp = root.left;
                else
                    temp = root.right;

                // No child case
                if(temp == null) {
                    temp = root;
                    root = null;
                }
                else // One child case
                    root = temp; // Copy the contents of the non-empty child

                temp = null;
            }
            else {
                // node with two children: Get the inorder successor (smallest
                // in the right subtree)
                Node temp = minValueNode(root.right);

                // Copy the inorder successor's data to this node
                root.value = temp.value;

                // Delete the inorder successor
                root.right = deleteNode(root.right, temp.value);
            }
        }

        // If the tree had only one node then return
        if (root == null)
            return root;

        // STEP 2: UPDATE HEIGHT OF THE CURRENT NODE
        root.height = Math.max(height(root.left), height(root.right)) + 1;

        // STEP 3: GET THE BALANCE FACTOR OF THIS NODE (to check whether
        //  this node became unbalanced)
        int balance = getBalance(root);

        // If this node becomes unbalanced, then there are 4 cases

        // Left Left Case
        if (balance > 1 && getBalance(root.left) >= 0)
            return rightRotate(root);

        // Left Right Case
        if (balance > 1 && getBalance(root.left) < 0) {
            root.left =  leftRotate(root.left);
            return rightRotate(root);
        }

        // Right Right Case
        if (balance < -1 && getBalance(root.right) <= 0)
            return leftRotate(root);

        // Right Left Case
        if (balance < -1 && getBalance(root.right) > 0) {
            root.right = rightRotate(root.right);
            return leftRotate(root);
        }

        return root;
    }

    public void print(Node root) {

        if(root == null) {
            System.out.println("(XXXXXX)");
            return;
        }

        int height = root.height,
            width = (int)Math.pow(2, height-1);

        // Preparing variables for loop.
        List<Node> current = new ArrayList<Node>(1),
            next = new ArrayList<Node>(2);
        current.add(root);

        final int maxHalfLength = 4;
        int elements = 1;

        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(maxHalfLength*width);
        for(int i = 0; i < maxHalfLength*width; i++)
            sb.append(' ');
        String textBuffer;

        // Iterating through height levels.
        for(int i = 0; i < height; i++) {

            sb.setLength(maxHalfLength * ((int)Math.pow(2, height-1-i) - 1));

            // Creating spacer space indicator.
            textBuffer = sb.toString();

            // Print tree node elements
            for(Node n : current) {

                System.out.print(textBuffer);

                if(n == null) {

                    System.out.print("        ");
                    next.add(null);
                    next.add(null);

                } else {

                    System.out.printf("(%6d)", n.value);
                    next.add(n.left);
                    next.add(n.right);

                }

                System.out.print(textBuffer);

            }

            System.out.println();
            // Print tree node extensions for next level.
            if(i < height - 1) {

                for(Node n : current) {

                    System.out.print(textBuffer);

                    if(n == null)
                        System.out.print("        ");
                    else
                        System.out.printf("%s      %s",
                                n.left == null ? " " : "/", n.right == null ? " " : "\\");

                    System.out.print(textBuffer);

                }

                System.out.println();

            }

            // Renewing indicators for next run.
            elements *= 2;
            current = next;
            next = new ArrayList<Node>(elements);

        }

    }

    public static void main(String args[]) {
        AVLTree t = new AVLTree();
        Node root = null;
        while (true) {
            System.out.println("(1) Insert");
            System.out.println("(2) Delete");

            try {
                BufferedReader bufferRead = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
                String s = bufferRead.readLine();

                if (Integer.parseInt(s) == 1) {
                    System.out.print("Value to be inserted: ");
                    root = t.insert(root, Integer.parseInt(bufferRead.readLine()));
                }
                else if (Integer.parseInt(s) == 2) {
                    System.out.print("Value to be deleted: ");
                    root = t.deleteNode(root, Integer.parseInt(bufferRead.readLine()));
                }
                else {
                    System.out.println("Invalid choice, try again!");
                    continue;
                }

                t.print(root);
            }
            catch(IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

Thank you very much! It felt great!

copied completely from geeks for geeks.

why did you use "Node parent" when its not used anywhere in the program

During the beginning I thought it might be required. Didn't end up needing it.

Thanks for sharing. The preorder traversal implementation is incorrect. Please fix that.

hey thanks for sharing this code, can I just ask if it is possible to have an array representation?
@nehaljwani

Thanks a lot for this. Uhm can I ask how to get the index of each node in the AVL tree. I'm still beginner at this.

What happens if the values 3, 4, 4 are inserted in the tree?

AVL Tree Algorithm in Java from : https://atechdaily.com/posts/Heap-Sort-Algorithm-in-Cplusplus

what is the value field?

It seems this tree only works with int values?

What happens if the values 3, 4, 4 are inserted in the tree?

you can't insert same value twice