Extract from POSA 4
The specific partitioning criteria can be defined along various dimensions, such as abstraction, granularity, hardware distance, and rate of change.
The abstraction dimension
For example, a layering that partitions an architecture into presentation, application logic, and persistent data follows the abstraction dimension.
The granularity dimension
A layering that introduces a business object layer whose entities are used by a business process layer follows the granularity dimension,
The hardware distance dimension
while one that suggests an operating system abstraction layer, a communication protocol layer, and a layer with application functionality follows the hardware distance dimension.
The rate of change dimension
Using rate of change as a layering criteria separates functionalities that evolve independently of one another.