vimOptions

:w  = Write the file, save any changes
:w! = Force right the file, when the file is read-only, but the user has write permissions on it, this forces a write
:q! = The infamous quite force command (enter stackoverflow link here)
:set hlsearch = Add highlighting for any search terms that are found 
:syntax enable = Enable syntax highlighting
:set syntax ${syntax} = VIM has lots of pre defined syntaxts
:set number = Set line numbers 
:e . = VIM can act as a dir tree viewer and file navigation. This is a really cool feature
:options = Show all options 
:set = Diff of options to their default values