Gemini summary!
Cloudflare uses a Web Application Firewall (WAF) to inspect incoming traffic for attacks. An engineer deployed a rule to block cross-site scripting (XSS). The rule used a Regular Expression (Regex) to find patterns in the data.
- The Technical Flaw: The Regex contained a pattern that triggered Exponential Backtracking.
- The "Greedy" Loop: When a Regex engine encounters a complex pattern with many wildcards (like
.*.*), it tries every possible way to match the text. If the text almost matches but not quite, the computer gets stuck in a loop of trillions of calculations just to check a single line of code.