Classes and inheritance in Kotlin

inheritance.kt

/**
* Program that implements classes for different kinds of dwellings.
* Shows how to:
* Create class hierarchy, variables and functions with inheritance,
* abstract class, overriding, and private vs. public variables.
*/
import kotlin.math.PI
import kotlin.math.sqrt

fun main() {
   val squareCabin = SquareCabin(6, 50.0)
   val roundHut = RoundHut(3, 10.0)
   val roundTower = RoundTower(4, 15.5)

   with(squareCabin) {
       println("\nSquare Cabin\n============")
       println("Capacity: ${capacity}")
       println("Material: ${buildingMaterial}")
       println("Floor area: ${floorArea()}")
   }

   with(roundHut) {
       println("\nRound Hut\n=========")
       println("Material: ${buildingMaterial}")
       println("Capacity: ${capacity}")
       println("Floor area: ${floorArea()}")
       println("Has room? ${hasRoom()}")
       getRoom()
       println("Has room? ${hasRoom()}")
       getRoom()
       println("Carpet size: ${calculateMaxCarpetSize()}")
   }

   with(roundTower) {
       println("\nRound Tower\n==========")
       println("Material: ${buildingMaterial}")
       println("Capacity: ${capacity}")
       println("Floor area: ${floorArea()}")
       println("Carpet size: ${calculateMaxCarpetSize()}")
   }
}


/**
* Defines properties common to all dwellings.
* All dwellings have floorspace,
* but its calculation is specific to the subclass.
* Checking and getting a room are implemented here
* because they are the same for all Dwelling subclasses.
*
* @param residents Current number of residents
*/
abstract class Dwelling(private var residents: Int) {
   abstract val buildingMaterial: String
   abstract val capacity: Int

   /**
    * Calculates the floor area of the dwelling.
    * Implemented by subclasses where shape is determined.
    *
    * @return floor area
    */
   abstract fun floorArea(): Double

   /**
    * Checks whether there is room for another resident.
    *
    * @return true if room available, false otherwise
    */
   fun hasRoom(): Boolean {
       return residents < capacity
   }

   /**
    * Compares the capacity to the number of residents and
    * if capacity is larger than number of residents,
    * add resident by increasing the number of residents.
    * Print the result.
    */
   fun getRoom() {
       if (capacity > residents) {
           residents++
           println("You got a room!")
       } else {
           println("Sorry, at capacity and no rooms left.")
       }
   }

   }

/**
* A square cabin dwelling.
*
*  @param residents Current number of residents
*  @param length Length
*/
class SquareCabin(residents: Int, val length: Double) : Dwelling(residents) {
   override val buildingMaterial = "Wood"
   override val capacity = 6

   /**
    * Calculates floor area for a square dwelling.
    *
    * @return floor area
    */
   override fun floorArea(): Double {
       return length * length
   }

}

/**
* Dwelling with a circular floorspace
*
* @param residents Current number of residents
* @param radius Radius
*/
open class RoundHut(
       val residents: Int, val radius: Double) : Dwelling(residents) {

   override val buildingMaterial = "Straw"
   override val capacity = 4

   /**
    * Calculates floor area for a round dwelling.
    *
    * @return floor area
    */
   override fun floorArea(): Double {
       return PI * radius * radius
   }

   /**
    *  Calculates the max length for a square carpet
    *  that fits the circular floor.
    *
    * @return length of carpet
    */
   fun calculateMaxCarpetSize(): Double {
       val diameter = 2 * radius
       return sqrt(diameter * diameter / 2)
   }

}

/**
* Round tower with multiple stories.
*
* @param residents Current number of residents
* @param radius Radius
* @param floors Number of stories
*/
class RoundTower(
       residents: Int,
       radius: Double,
       val floors: Int = 2) : RoundHut(residents, radius) {

   override val buildingMaterial = "Stone"

   // Capacity depends on the number of floors.
   override val capacity = floors * 4

   /**
    * Calculates the total floor area for a tower dwelling
    * with multiple stories.
    *
    * @return floor area
    */
   override fun floorArea(): Double {
       return super.floorArea() * floors
   }
}