TextAreaTableCell, see Stack Overflow question: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/27666382/editable-multiline-cell-in-tableview

TextAreaTableCell.java

import javafx.beans.binding.Bindings;
import javafx.beans.property.ObjectProperty;
import javafx.beans.property.SimpleObjectProperty;
import javafx.scene.control.Cell;
import javafx.scene.control.TableCell;
import javafx.scene.control.TableColumn;
import javafx.scene.control.TextArea;
import javafx.scene.input.KeyCode;
import javafx.util.Callback;
import javafx.util.StringConverter;
import javafx.util.converter.DefaultStringConverter;

public class TextAreaTableCell<S, T> extends TableCell<S, T> {

	public static <S> Callback<TableColumn<S, String>, TableCell<S, String>> forTableColumn() {
		return forTableColumn(new DefaultStringConverter());
	}

	public static <S, T> Callback<TableColumn<S, T>, TableCell<S, T>> forTableColumn(final StringConverter<T> converter) {
		return list -> new TextAreaTableCell<>(converter);
	}

	private static <T> String getItemText(Cell<T> cell, StringConverter<T> converter) {
		return converter == null ? cell.getItem() == null ? "" : cell.getItem()
				.toString() : converter.toString(cell.getItem());
	}

	private static <T> TextArea createTextArea(final Cell<T> cell, final StringConverter<T> converter) {
		TextArea textArea = new TextArea(getItemText(cell, converter));
		textArea.setOnKeyReleased(t -> {
			if (t.getCode() == KeyCode.ESCAPE) {
				cell.cancelEdit();
				t.consume();
			}
			else if(t.getCode() == KeyCode.ENTER && t.isShiftDown()) {
				if (converter == null) {
					throw new IllegalStateException(
						"Attempting to convert text input into Object, but provided "
							+ "StringConverter is null. Be sure to set a StringConverter "
							+ "in your cell factory.");
				}
				cell.commitEdit(converter.fromString(textArea.getText()));
				t.consume();	
			}
		});
		textArea.prefRowCountProperty().bind(Bindings.size(textArea.getParagraphs()));
		return textArea;
	}

	private void startEdit(final Cell<T> cell, final StringConverter<T> converter) {
		textArea.setText(getItemText(cell, converter));

		cell.setText(null);
		cell.setGraphic(textArea);

		textArea.selectAll();
		textArea.requestFocus();
	}

	private static <T> void cancelEdit(Cell<T> cell, final StringConverter<T> converter) {
		cell.setText(getItemText(cell, converter));
		cell.setGraphic(null);
	}

	private void updateItem(final Cell<T> cell, final StringConverter<T> converter) {
		
		if (cell.isEmpty()) {
			cell.setText(null);
			cell.setGraphic(null);
			
		} else {
			if (cell.isEditing()) {
				if (textArea != null) {
					textArea.setText(getItemText(cell, converter));
				}
				cell.setText(null);
				cell.setGraphic(textArea);
			} else {
				cell.setText(getItemText(cell, converter));
				cell.setGraphic(null);
			}
		}
	}

	private TextArea textArea;
	private ObjectProperty<StringConverter<T>> converter = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(this, "converter");

	public TextAreaTableCell() {
		this(null);
	}

	public TextAreaTableCell(StringConverter<T> converter) {
		this.getStyleClass().add("text-area-table-cell");
		setConverter(converter);
	}

	public final ObjectProperty<StringConverter<T>> converterProperty() {
		return converter;
	}

	public final void setConverter(StringConverter<T> value) {
		converterProperty().set(value);
	}

	public final StringConverter<T> getConverter() {
		return converterProperty().get();
	}

	@Override
	public void startEdit() {
		if (!isEditable() || !getTableView().isEditable() || !getTableColumn().isEditable()) {
			return;
		}
		
		super.startEdit();

		if (isEditing()) {
			if (textArea == null) {
				textArea = createTextArea(this, getConverter());
			}

			startEdit(this, getConverter());
		}
	}

	@Override
	public void cancelEdit() {
		super.cancelEdit();
		cancelEdit(this, getConverter());
	}

	@Override
	public void updateItem(T item, boolean empty) {
		super.updateItem(item, empty);
		updateItem(this, getConverter());
	}

}

StackOverFlow Question

Ok, the basic idea is to copy the TextFieldTableColumn and adjust its behavior to create a TextAreaTableColumn. I hacked a small working example implementation together: https://gist.github.com/eckig/30abf0d7d51b7756c2e7

Usage:

TableColumn column = new TableColumn<>();
column.setCellValueFactory(...);
column.setCellFactory(TextAreaTableCell.forTableColumn()); // add StringConverter if neccessary
tableView.getColumns().add(column);

Adjust prefRowCount to show only the necessary amount of rows.
Maybe adjust prefColumnCount?
But hopefully you get the idea ;-)

Commit is now done by Shift+Enter. On focus lost is not a good idea, so I discarded it. Additionally I found a solution for the row count property. It is not working 100% perfect, but it is a good start for now. – eckig Dec 28 '14 at 9:27