How to add filters to alter columns of WP_Users_List_Table.

pbrocks-users-list-table.php

<?php
/**
 * Adjustments to /wp-admin/users.php screen.
 *
 * @package WP_List_Table
 */

add_filter( 'manage_users_columns', 'add_id_any_position_of_users_columns' );
add_filter( 'manage_users_columns', 'nickname_manage_users_columns', 10, 1 );
add_filter( 'manage_users_custom_column', 'nickname_manage_users_custom_column', 10, 3 );
add_filter( 'manage_users_sortable_columns', 'add_sortable_user_columns' );
add_action( 'admin_head-users.php', 'add_user_id_column_style' );

if ( is_admin() ) {
	add_action( 'pre_user_query', 'nickname_user_query' );
}
/**
 * Tap into the query to alter sort order of custom column.
 *
 * @param   Object  $user_query  WP_User_Query Object
 *
 * @return  Void
 */
function nickname_user_query( $user_query ) {
	// This will show the default query
	// echo '<pre style="margin-left:21%;">Line ' . __LINE__ . ' ' . print_r( $user_query, true ) . '</pre>';

	if ( 'nickname' == $user_query->query_vars['orderby'] ) {
		global $wpdb;
		$user_query->query_from   .= "
        LEFT OUTER JOIN $wpdb->usermeta AS alias
        ON ($wpdb->users.ID = alias.user_id) ";
		$user_query->query_where  .= " AND alias.meta_key = 'nickname' ";
		$user_query->query_orderby = ' ORDER BY alias.meta_value ' . ( $user_query->query_vars['order'] === 'ASC' ? 'asc ' : 'desc ' );
	}
	// This will show the modified query
	// echo '<pre style="margin-left:21%;">Line ' . __LINE__ . ' ' . print_r( $user_query, true ) . '</pre>';
}

/**
 * Add column to admin > users
 *
 * @param Array $columns The column headings for Users admin.
 *
 * @return Array $columns The modified column headings for Users admin.
 */
function nickname_manage_users_columns( $columns ) {
	$columns['nickname'] = 'Nickname';

	return $columns;
}

/**
 * Retrieving data for created columns.
 *
 * @param String  $output     Custom column output. Default empty.
 * @param String  $column_key Column name.
 * @param Integer $user_id    ID of the currently-listed user.
 *
 * @return Void
 */
function nickname_manage_users_custom_column( $output, $column_key, $user_id ) {
	switch ( $column_key ) {
		case 'nickname':
			$output = get_user_meta( $user_id, 'nickname', true );

			return $output;
			break;
		case 'user_id':
			$output = $user_id;

			return $output;
			break;
		default:
			break;
	}

	// Default $output is empty.
	// echo '<pre style="margin-left:20%;">Line ' . __LINE__ . ' ' . print_r( $output, true ) . '</pre>';
}

/**
 * Spe
 *
 * @param [type] $columns [description]
 */
/**
 * Specify what position in the table you want the column.
 *
 * @param  Array $columns The original columns.
 *
 * @return Array $columns The filtered columns.
 */
function add_id_any_position_of_users_columns( $columns ) {
	$insert = [ 'user_id' => 'ID' ];
	$index  = 1;

	return array_slice( $columns, 0, $index, true ) + $insert + array_slice( $columns, $index, count( $columns ) - $index, true );
}

/**
 * Make user id column sortable.
 *
 * @param  Array $columns The original columns.
 *
 * @return Array $columns The filtered columns.
 */
function add_sortable_user_columns( $columns ) {

	$columns['user_id']  = 'ID';
	$columns['role']     = 'role';
	$columns['nickname'] = 'nickname';

	return $columns;
}

/**
 * Set column width
 */
function add_user_id_column_style() {
	echo '<style>.column-user_id{width:5%}.column-username{width:11%}</style>';
}

// add_filter( 'pre_user_query', 'set_user_column_orderby_args' );
// add_filter( 'users_list_table_query_args', 'set_user_column_orderby_args' );
// add_filter( 'request', 'set_user_column_orderby' );
// add_filter( 'pre_user_query', 'set_user_column_orderby' );
/**
 * Doesn't work
 *
 * [set_user_column_orderby description]
 *
 * @param [type] $args [description]
 */
function set_user_column_orderby_args( $args ) {
	global $pagenow;
	echo '<pre style="margin-left:21%;">' . __FILE__ . '</pre>';

	// if ( empty( $args['orderby'] ) ) {
	// $args['orderby'] = 'ID';
	// }
	// if ( empty( $args['order'] ) ) {
	// $args['order'] = 'ASC';
	// }
	// echo '<pre style="margin-left:21%;">' . print_r( $args, true ) . '</pre>';
	// if ( isset( $args['orderby'] ) && 'nickname' == $args['orderby'] ) {
	// $args = array_merge( $args, array(
	// 'meta_key' => 'nickname',
	// 'orderby' => 'meta_value'
	// ) );
	// }
	return $args;
}

/**
 * [set_user_column_orderby description]
 *
 * @param [type] $query [description]
 */
function set_user_column_orderby( $query ) {
	global $pagenow;

	if ( is_admin() && 'users.php' === $pagenow ) {
		$section = $_GET['nickname'][0] ?? $_GET['nickname'][1] ?? null;
		if ( null !== $section ) {
			$meta_query = array(
				array(
					'key'   => 'nickname',
					'value' => $section,
				),
			);
			$query->set( 'meta_key', 'nickname' );
			$query->set( 'meta_query', $meta_query );
		}
	}

	// [query_fields] => SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS wp_users.ID
	// [query_from] => FROM wp_users INNER JOIN wp_usermeta ON ( wp_users.ID = wp_usermeta.user_id )
	// [query_where] => WHERE 1=1 AND (
	// (
	// ( wp_usermeta.meta_key = 'wp_capabilities' AND wp_usermeta.meta_value LIKE '{c538d0e57c7ae080cca2d791cad651e8f321d15353e993cea0d421d64988e415}\"isd\"{c538d0e57c7ae080cca2d791cad651e8f321d15353e993cea0d421d64988e415}' )
	// )
	// )
	// [query_orderby] => ORDER BY user_email ASC

	// if ( 'nickname' === $query->get( 'orderby' ) ) {
	// $query->set( 'orderby', 'meta_value_num' );
	// $query->set( 'meta_key', 'nickname' );
	// }
	// echo '<pre style="margin-left:21%;">' . print_r( $query, true ) . '</pre>';
	return $query;
}