Component Binding to Page

Component Controller

public class ComponentController {
    
    public Id myId {get;set;}
    
    public Expense__c exp {
        get {
            if (exp == null) {
                exp = [select Id,Name,Amount__c from Expense__c where id =: myId];
            }
            return exp;
        }
        set;
    }

}

Component: ExampleComponent

<apex:component controller="ComponentController">
    <apex:attribute name="recId" assignTo="{!myId}" type="Id" description="Pass in an Id to get a value"/>
    <apex:pageBlock>
        <apex:pageBlockSection>
            <apex:outputField value="{!exp.Name}"/>
            <apex:outputField value="{!exp.Amount__c}"/>
        </apex:pageBlockSection>
    </apex:pageBlock>
</apex:component>

Page Using Component: ExamplePage

<apex:page standardController="Expense__c">
    <c:examplecomponent recId="{!Expense__c.Id}"/>
</apex:page>

Invoke ExamplePage by URL as:

https://<salesforceinstance>/apex/ExamplePage?id=<id-value>

Or add as inline visualforce in page layout.