Litecoin Cash is a Bitcoin Core clone which uses a hybrid Proof-of-Work/Proof-of-Stake consensus algorithm in an attempt to aleviate 51% attacks on its network. LCC's PoW algorithm is SHA256 but its network hashrate is many orders of magnitude smaller than Bitcoin's, making it highly vulnerable to 51% attacks, as was demonstrated last year. The LCC whitepaper describes a system they call "Hive Mining", which is effectively a PoS lottery in which users can purchase "bees" (lottery tickets) that have the potential to be eligible to propose a PoS block for each new PoW block. In the paper, the authors claim this scheme provides "protection" from 51% attacks by interlacing PoW and PoS blocks, and giving PoS blocks more relative weight than PoW blocks in the chain-work calculation for selecting the most-work block.
jadon phase
This is a short post that explains how to write a high-performance matrix multiplication program on modern processors. In this tutorial I will use a single core of the Skylake-client CPU with AVX2, but the principles in this post also apply to other processors with different instruction sets (such as AVX512).
Matrix multiplication is a mathematical operation that defines the product of
I think I’ve figured out most parts of the cubical type theory papers; I’m going to take a shot to explain it informally in the format of Q&As. I prefer using syntax or terminologies that fit better rather than the more standard ones.
Q: What is cubical type theory?
A: It’s a type theory giving homotopy type theory its computational meaning.
Q: What is homotopy type theory then?
A: It’s traditional type theory (which refers to Martin-Löf type theory in this Q&A) augmented with higher inductive types and the univalence axiom.
| // @flow | |
| import type { Functor } from "flow-static-land/lib/Functor"; | |
| import type { HKT } from "flow-static-land/lib/HKT"; | |
| import type { Fix } from "static-land-recursion-schemes/lib/Fix"; | |
| import { In } from "static-land-recursion-schemes/lib/Fix"; | |
| import { Paren } from "./functorized-expression-ast"; |
| advancement grant <targets> everything | |
| advancement grant <targets> from <advancement> | |
| advancement grant <targets> only <advancement> | |
| advancement grant <targets> only <advancement> <criterion> | |
| advancement grant <targets> through <advancement> | |
| advancement grant <targets> until <advancement> | |
| advancement revoke <targets> everything | |
| advancement revoke <targets> from <advancement> | |
| advancement revoke <targets> only <advancement> | |
| advancement revoke <targets> only <advancement> <criterion> |
Edit: This list is now maintained in the rust-anthology repo.
| Index | Field Name | Size | Offset | Completely Useless Column | Field Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Header | 8 | +0 | +0 | Unknown |
| 2 | Klass | Pointer Size | +8 | +8 | *Klass to java/lang/Class |
| 3 | C++ Vtbl | Pointer Size | +16 | +12 | Unknown Pointer |
| 4 | Layout Helper | 4 | +24 | +16 | i32 |
| 5 | Super Offset | 4 | +28 | +20 | u32 |
| 6 | Name | Pointer Size | + 32 | +24 | *Symbol (linked list type?) |
| 7 | Secondary Super Cache | Pointer Size | +40 | +28 | *Klass |
| 8 | Secondary Supers | Pointer Size | +48 | +32 | Array<*Klass> |
| #include <stdint.h> | |
| extern "C" { | |
| // entry point | |
| void my_main(void); | |
| } | |
| // types | |
| typedef uint8_t u8; | |
| typedef uint16_t u16; |
| % openssl s_client -showcerts -servername thepiratebay.org -connect thepiratebay.org:443 | |
| CONNECTED(00000003) | |
| depth=3 C = SE, O = AddTrust AB, OU = AddTrust External TTP Network, CN = AddTrust External CA Root | |
| verify return:1 | |
| depth=2 C = GB, ST = Greater Manchester, L = Salford, O = COMODO CA Limited, CN = COMODO ECC Certification Authority | |
| verify return:1 | |
| depth=1 C = GB, ST = Greater Manchester, L = Salford, O = COMODO CA Limited, CN = COMODO ECC Domain Validation Secure Server CA 2 | |
| verify return:1 | |
| depth=0 OU = Domain Control Validated, OU = PositiveSSL Multi-Domain, CN = sni154519.cloudflaressl.com |