Arcturus riichi mahjong glossary in JSON format - plus tiles, plus standard and nonstandard yaku and yakumans

arcturus-glossary.json

[{
"romaji": "Agari",
"kanji": "和がり",
"english": "Win",
"explanation": "Generic call for winning a hand."
},
{
"romaji": "Agaripai",
"kanji": "和がり牌",
"english": "Winning tile",
"explanation": "The 14th tile that completes a hand."
},
{
"romaji": "Agariyame",
"kanji": "和了り止め",
"english": "",
"explanation": "An end game condition that allows the last dealer to declare the end of the game, when in possession of the first place position."
},
{
"romaji": "Aidayonken",
"kanji": "間四軒",
"english": "Four in between",
"explanation": "An interval of four between two discarded number tiles. Usually indicates dangerous waits. A discarded 1 and 6 make a 2—5 wait very probable."
},
{
"romaji": "Akapai",
"kanji": "赤牌",
"english": "Red dora",
"explanation": "Red tiles that count as Dora. Usually fives, but not always."
},
{
"romaji": "An",
"kanji": "暗",
"english": "Closed, concealed",
"explanation": "Means \"dark\", refers to tiles that are concealed in the hand."
},
{
"romaji": "Anjun",
"kanji": "暗順",
"english": "Concealed sequence",
"explanation": "Three self-drawn consecutive tiles of the same suit, used as one of the four tile groups in a regular hand. An open sequence would be a minjun, the general term for a sequence is shuntsu."
},
{
"romaji": "Ankan",
"kanji": "暗槓",
"english": "Concealed kan",
"explanation": "Four self-drawn identical tiles set aside as a kantsu. Declaring an ankan does not open the hand if it was previously closed."
},
{
"romaji": "Ankou",
"kanji": "暗刻",
"english": "Concealed triplet",
"explanation": "Three self-drawn identical tiles, used as one of the four tile groups in a regular hand. Compare with the yaku names san ankou and suu ankou. An open triplet would be a minkou, and the general term for any triplet is koutsu."
},
{
"romaji": "Anpai",
"kanji": "安牌",
"english": "Safe tile",
"explanation": "Safe tile, or tiles not subject to \"agari\" (to be called as winning tiles)."
},
{
"romaji": "Aotenjou",
"kanji": "青天井",
"english": "No capping",
"explanation": "A rarely used rule, which eliminates the score cappings \"mangan\", \"haneman\", etc., and scores all hands as directly with the scoring formula."
},
{
"romaji": "Ari",
"kanji": "あり,アリ,有り",
"english": "In effect, on",
"explanation": "States that the preceding rule is used, as in akadora ari for playing with red fives. Opposite of nashi."
},
{
"romaji": "Ari ari",
"kanji": "アリアリ",
"english": "",
"explanation": "Ruleset which allows kuitan and atozuke. Most common basic set of rules in Japan."
},
{
"romaji": "Atama",
"kanji": "頭",
"english": "Pair, eye",
"explanation": "The pair in a standard mahjong hand. Also \"jantou\"."
},
{
"romaji": "Atamahane",
"kanji": "頭跳ね",
"english": "Head bump",
"explanation": "A rule that allows only one Ron at a time; the closest to the discarder in turn order takes priority."
},
{
"romaji": "Atozuke",
"kanji": "後付け",
"english": "After-attach",
"explanation": "Allows a hand to win despite having no guaranteed yaku while in tenpai, as long as the winning tile generates a yaku."
},
{
"romaji": "Awaseuchi",
"kanji": "合わせ打ち",
"english": "",
"explanation": "Discarding the same tile as someone else, to avoid dealing into their hand."
},
{
"romaji": "Ba",
"kanji": "場",
"english": "Wind round",
"explanation": "A \"wind round\", e.g. tonba (east round) or nanba (south round)."
},
{
"romaji": "Baiman",
"kanji": "倍満",
"english": "",
"explanation": "A hand worth 8 to 10 han."
},
{
"romaji": "Bakahon",
"kanji": "バカホン",
"english": "",
"explanation": "Slang for \"honitsu nomi\" with no extra yaku or dora."
},
{
"romaji": "Bakaze",
"kanji": "場風",
"english": "Round wind",
"explanation": "Round wind."
},
{
"romaji": "Barai",
"kanji": "払い",
"english": "Payment",
"explanation": "A payment.  Also \"furikomi\"."
},
{
"romaji": "Basengo",
"kanji": "場千五",
"english": "",
"explanation": "A rule where each honba counter is worth of 1500 points instead of the regular 300 points."
},
{
"romaji": "Bazoro",
"kanji": "場ゾロ",
"english": "",
"explanation": "The two base Han used when calculating score, given by default rather than from yaku."
},
{
"romaji": "Betaori",
"kanji": "ベタ降り",
"english": "Full defense",
"explanation": "A strategy that focuses entirely on avoiding dealing into opponents’ hands, with no intention of developing one’s own hand."
},
{
"romaji": "Chakan",
"kanji": "加槓",
"english": "Added kan",
"explanation": "A kantsu that was upgraded from a minkou."
},
{
"romaji": "Shouminkan",
"kanji": "小明槓",
"english": "Added kan",
"explanation": "A kantsu that was upgraded from a minkou."
},
{
"romaji": "Chii",
"kanji": "チー",
"english": "",
"explanation": "The call used to make a minjun from an opponent’s discard."
},
{
"romaji": "Chombo",
"kanji": "冲合",
"english": "",
"explanation": "A penalty, applied to particularly unacceptable mahjong plays, such as winning with an invalid hand or destroying the wall.  Typically, the penalty results in a mangan payment to all players and restarts the current round.  Otherwise, penalty values may be subject to Rule variation."
},
{
"romaji": "Chunchan",
"kanji": "中張",
"english": "Simples",
"explanation": "The zone of tiles numbered from 2 through 8, representing tiles that can be grouped with tiles on each of its sides."
},
{
"romaji": "Chunchanhai",
"kanji": "中張牌",
"english": "Simples",
"explanation": "The tiles in the zone numbered from 2 through 8. See tanyao for related yaku. Opposite of \"yaochuuhai\"."
},
{
"romaji": "Daburon",
"kanji": "ダブロン",
"english": "Double ron",
"explanation": "A rule that allows two people to simultaneously win from the same discarded tile."
},
{
"romaji": "Daiminkan",
"kanji": "大明槓",
"english": "Open kan",
"explanation": "A kan formed with possession of three tile types, and calling on the discarded fourth tile."
},
{
"romaji": "Damaten",
"kanji": "黙聴",
"english": "Hidden tenpai",
"explanation": "A tactic of holding tenpai without calling riichi."
},
{
"romaji": "Dejitaru",
"kanji": "デジタル",
"english": "Digital",
"explanation": "A school of thought focused on the outcome of a game, explained by probability and statistics."
},
{
"romaji": "Dora",
"kanji": "ドラ",
"english": "Bonus tile",
"explanation": "A feature to the game which rewards han to a hand, while in possession of tiles indicated by the revealed tile from the dead wall."
},
{
"romaji": "Dorahyouji",
"kanji": "ドラ表示",
"english": "Dora indicator",
"explanation": "The flipped tile on the dead wall, indicating the dora."
},
{
"romaji": "Enchousen",
"kanji": "延長戦",
"english": "Overtime",
"explanation": "Extra game round, in the event where no player scores more than the target points at the end of a normal game."
},
{
"romaji": "Fu",
"kanji": "符",
"english": "Mini-points",
"explanation": "A unit used to measure the hand's score, based on tile group and wait composition."
},
{
"romaji": "Furikomi",
"kanji": "振り込み",
"english": "Payment",
"explanation": "A payment, also \"barai\"."
},
{
"romaji": "Furiten",
"kanji": "振聴",
"english": "Sacred discard",
"explanation": "A rule that disables a player's ability to win by discard, due to the presence of a winning tile in the discard and/or the declining of a win during riichi."
},
{
"romaji": "Fuuro",
"kanji": "副露",
"english": "tile group",
"explanation": "Calling of discarded tile or closed kan, also \"naki\"."
},
{
"romaji": "Fuutei",
"kanji": "副底",
"english": "Base fu",
"explanation": "The 20 base Fu used when calculating score, given by default rather than from composition."
},
{
"romaji": "Genbutsu",
"kanji": "現物",
"english": "Safe tile",
"explanation": "A 100% safe tile."
},
{
"romaji": "Goumii",
"kanji": "ゴーミー",
"english": "Trash, garbage",
"explanation": "The cheapest tsumo value, of 500 points from the dealer and 300 points from the non-dealers."
},
{
"romaji": "Gyakuten",
"kanji": "逆転",
"english": "Passing, reversal",
"explanation": "Refers to a situation, where a player passes up another player in points, at the end of the game."
},
{
"romaji": "Haipai",
"kanji": "配牌",
"english": "Start hand",
"explanation": "The players' dealt tiles at the beginning of a hand."
},
{
"romaji": "Haiteihai",
"kanji": "海底牌",
"english": "Last draw",
"explanation": "The last drawable tile in the wall."
},
{
"romaji": "Haiyama",
"kanji": "牌山",
"english": "Wall",
"explanation": "The walls from which tiles are drawn."
},
{
"romaji": "Han",
"kanji": "飜",
"english": "",
"explanation": "The hand value count based on yaku value and/or dora."
},
{
"romaji": "Hanchan",
"kanji": "半荘",
"english": "Full East-South game",
"explanation": "A game consisting of an East and South round."
},
{
"romaji": "Haneman",
"kanji": "跳満",
"english": "",
"explanation": "A hand worth 6 or 7 han."
},
{
"romaji": "Harabote",
"kanji": "腹ボテ",
"english": "",
"explanation": "A Shanpon or Tanki wait embedded inside a Shuntsu. For example, 4556 waiting on 5."
},
{
"romaji": "Hikkake",
"kanji": "引っ掛け",
"english": "Trap",
"explanation": "Discard tiles indicating particular tiles as safe, when in fact, they are not - contrary to standard defense reading."
},
{
"romaji": "Honba",
"kanji": "本場",
"english": "Repeat counter",
"explanation": "A counter to indicate the number of hands in-between winning hands, usually indicated by 100-point sticks."
},
{
"romaji": "Houjuu",
"kanji": "放銃",
"english": "Deal in",
"explanation": "To deal into a hand."
},
{
"romaji": "Houra",
"kanji": "和了",
"english": "",
"explanation": "To win a hand"
},
{
"romaji": "Houteihai",
"kanji": "河底牌",
"english": "Last discard",
"explanation": "The very last discarded tile for a hand, which may not subject to any tile calls other than \"ron\"."
},
{
"romaji": "Iichan",
"kanji": "一荘",
"english": "4 round game",
"explanation": "A game consisting of East, South, West, and North rounds. More common in Chinese variants."
},
{
"romaji": "Ikasama",
"kanji": "イカサマ",
"english": "",
"explanation": "To cheat using sleight of hand, etc."
},
{
"romaji": "Inchiki",
"kanji": "インチキ",
"english": "Rigging",
"explanation": "Cheating by manipulating devices integral to the game (autodealer, game client) or outside it (cameras, telegraphs, radio)."
},
{
"romaji": "Jansou",
"kanji": "雀荘",
"english": "Mahjong parlor",
"explanation": "A public place specifically used to host and cater mahjong play"
},
{
"romaji": "Jantou",
"kanji": "雀頭",
"english": "Pair, eye",
"explanation": "The pair in a standard mahjong hand. Also \"atama\"."
},
{
"romaji": "Jigokumachi",
"kanji": "地獄待ち",
"english": "Hell wait",
"explanation": "A wait in which all but one of the winning tiles are visible or claimed."
},
{
"romaji": "Jihai",
"kanji": "字牌",
"english": "Honor tiles",
"explanation": "The honor tiles (sangenpai and kazehai)."
},
{
"romaji": "Jikaze",
"kanji": "自風",
"english": "Self wind",
"explanation": "Your seat wind."
},
{
"romaji": "Jun",
"kanji": "巡",
"english": "Turn",
"explanation": "The turn number within a round."
},
{
"romaji": "Kabe",
"kanji": "壁",
"english": "",
"explanation": "A tile-counting technique that measures the possibility of someone making Shuntsu based on how many instances of a tile are visible."
},
{
"romaji": "Kakan",
"kanji": "加槓",
"english": "Upgraded kan",
"explanation": "A kan that was upgraded from a tile grouped set, from a player's own draws or hand."
},
{
"romaji": "Kamicha",
"kanji": "上家",
"english": "",
"explanation": "The player to the left of one's perspective."
},
{
"romaji": "Kandora",
"kanji": "カンドラ",
"english": "Added dora",
"explanation": "Additional dora indicators, when the call for kan is invoked."
},
{
"romaji": "Kata agari",
"kanji": "片和がり",
"english": "",
"explanation": "A hand tenpai for at least one invalid tile."
},
{
"romaji": "Kawa",
"kanji": "河",
"english": "Pond, Discard pile",
"explanation": "Meaning \"river\".  This describes the discarded tiles."
},
{
"romaji": "Kantsu",
"kanji": "槓子",
"english": "Quad",
"explanation": "A tile group of four identical tiles, which must be declared as kan to be counted as such."
},
{
"romaji": "Kanchan",
"kanji": "嵌張",
"english": "Closed wait",
"explanation": "A wait that completes the inside of a Shuntsu, like a 4-6 waiting on 5."
},
{
"romaji": "Kandora",
"kanji": "カンドラ",
"english": "",
"explanation": "Additional dora indicators revealed after calling kan."
},
{
"romaji": "Karaten",
"kanji": "カラテン",
"english": "Empty tenpai",
"explanation": "The state of a tenpai hand, by which all available waiting tiles are not available due to discards and/or dora indicators."
},
{
"romaji": "Kazehai",
"kanji": "風牌",
"english": "Winds",
"explanation": "Wind tiles."
},
{
"romaji": "Keishiki tenpai",
"kanji": "形式聴牌",
"english": "",
"explanation": "A state of tenpai that contains no yaku.  As long as the hand is waiting for a tile that could exist anywhere outside a player's hand and calls, the hand is considered tenpai."
},
{
"romaji": "Kikenhai",
"kanji": "危険牌",
"english": "Dangerous tile",
"explanation": "Dangerous tile, or a tile that may be likely used by another player to win with."
},
{
"romaji": "Kiriage Mangan",
"kanji": "切り上げ満貫",
"english": "Rounded Mangan",
"explanation": "A rule where 3 Han 60 Fu and 4 Han 30 Fu are rounded up to Mangan."
},
{
"romaji": "Kiru",
"kanji": "切る",
"english": "Discard",
"explanation": "To discard a tile."
},
{
"romaji": "Koutsu",
"kanji": "刻子",
"english": "Triplet",
"explanation": "A tile group of three identical tiles."
},
{
"romaji": "Kuikae",
"kanji": "喰い替え",
"english": "",
"explanation": "A rule that allows you to call a tile, then discard another tile that could have completed the tile group. For example, calling a 1 when you have 234 and then discard a 4."
},
{
"romaji": "Kuisagari",
"kanji": "喰い下がり",
"english": "",
"explanation": "A property of some yaku that reduces the han value by 1 when the hand is open."
},
{
"romaji": "Kuitan",
"kanji": "喰い断",
"english": "Open tanyao",
"explanation": "A rule that allows tanyao to be open."
},
{
"romaji": "Kyoku",
"kanji": "局",
"english": "Round, Hand session",
"explanation": "A portion of the game, starting from the dealing of tiles and ends with the declaration of a win, Tochuu aborted hand, or draw. Examples: East Round 1.  South Round 2."
},
{
"romaji": "Machi",
"kanji": "待ち",
"english": "Wait pattern",
"explanation": "The tiles waiting for with a tenpai hand."
},
{
"romaji": "Mangan",
"kanji": "満貫",
"english": "",
"explanation": "A cap applied to the standard scoring equation.  Hands worth 3 han 70+ fu. 4 han 40+ fu, or 5 han are valued at mangan."
},
{
"romaji": "Manzu",
"kanji": "萬子",
"english": "Characters",
"explanation": "One of the three numbered suits, consisting of a kanji number plus 萬, meaning 10000."
},
{
"romaji": "Mawashiuchi",
"kanji": "回し打ち",
"english": "Avoidance play",
"explanation": "The strategy of attempting to develop a hand, while discarding only safe tiles."
},
{
"romaji": "Mentanpin",
"kanji": "メンタンピン",
"english": "",
"explanation": "Abbreviation for Menzen-Tanyao-Pinfu, a common set of yaku."
},
{
"romaji": "Mentsu",
"kanji": "面子",
"english": "tile group, Group (tiles)",
"explanation": "The tile groups: koutsu, shuntsu, and kantsu."
},
{
"romaji": "Menzen",
"kanji": "門前",
"english": "Closed hand",
"explanation": "A fully closed hand, thus no open tile groups."
},
{
"romaji": "Min",
"kanji": "明",
"english": "Open",
"explanation": "Meaning \"light\", refers to tiles that have been exposed by calling."
},
{
"romaji": "Minjun",
"kanji": "明順",
"english": "Open sequence",
"explanation": "An open shuntsu, or a sequence of three consecutive tiles, formed by calling chii on the previously missing tile. A concealed shuntsu would be an anjun."
},
{
"romaji": "Minkou",
"kanji": "明刻",
"english": "Open triplet",
"explanation": "An open koutsu made by calling a discarded tile."
},
{
"romaji": "Minogashi",
"kanji": "見逃し",
"english": "Let free",
"explanation": "The act of declining a winning tile."
},
{
"romaji": "Moupai",
"kanji": "盲牌",
"english": "Blind touch",
"explanation": "The act of reading a tile by touch, instead of looking at the tile."
},
{
"romaji": "Naki",
"kanji": "鳴き",
"english": "",
"explanation": "Calling a discarded tile."
},
{
"romaji": "Nan",
"kanji": "南",
"english": "South",
"explanation": "South wind tile."
},
{
"romaji": "Nashi",
"kanji": "なし,ナシ,無し",
"english": "Invalid, off",
"explanation": "States that the preceding rule is not in effect.\nFor example, as in kuikae nashi for disallowing players to call a tile and immediately discard another tile which would have also completed the called tile group."
},
{
"romaji": "Nashi Nashi",
"kanji": "ナシナシ",
"english": "",
"explanation": "Ruleset which disallows kuitan and atozuke. Opposite of Ari Ari."
},
{
"romaji": "Nobetan",
"kanji": "延べ単",
"english": "Extended tanki",
"explanation": "A double Tanki wait, e.g. 4567 waiting on 4 or 7."
},
{
"romaji": "Nomi",
"kanji": "ノミ",
"english": "Only",
"explanation": "A term referring to a hand containing just a single yaku and no dora.  The term is not applicable to nagashi mangan or yakuman."
},
{
"romaji": "Noten",
"kanji": "ノーテン",
"english": "No tenpai",
"explanation": "When your hand is not in tenpai at the end of the round."
},
{
"romaji": "Noten bappu",
"kanji": "ノーテン罰符",
"english": "Noten penalty",
"explanation": "A payment made at the end of a round by those who are not in tenpai (or choose not to reveal their hands) to those who are in tenpai."
},
{
"romaji": "Nukidora",
"kanji": "抜きドラ",
"english": "Extracted dora",
"explanation": "A tile that counts as Dora when extracted from the hand, e.g. flower tiles or the Pei (North) in most three-player variants."
},
{
"romaji": "Okaruto",
"kanji": "オカルト",
"english": "Occult, Superstition",
"explanation": "A school of thought tying game outcome with luck, flow, mahjong demons, psychology, etc."
},
{
"romaji": "Oka",
"kanji": "オカ",
"english": "Winner bonus",
"explanation": "First place bonus applied when calculating uma."
},
{
"romaji": "Oikake riichi",
"kanji": "追いかけリーチ",
"english": "Riichi roulette",
"explanation": "To declare riichi after someone else rather than defend."
},
{
"romaji": "Okurikan",
"kanji": "送り槓",
"english": "",
"explanation": "Four tiles that could be called for kan, but rather left undeclared in order to use the tiles for other tile groups."
},
{
"romaji": "Oorasu",
"kanji": "オーラス",
"english": "All last, Last hand",
"explanation": "The final regular hand of a game."
},
{
"romaji": "Otakaze",
"kanji": "客風",
"english": "Off wind tiles",
"explanation": "Non-bonus wind tiles. For example, if seated South in the East round, then Otakaze are West and North tiles."
},
{
"romaji": "Oya",
"kanji": "親",
"english": "Dealer",
"explanation": "The dealer position, seated east"
},
{
"romaji": "Pai",
"kanji": "牌",
"english": "Draw",
"explanation": "Generic term for a tile draw, usually attached to specific tile draws like \"rinshanpai\" or \"haiteihai\"."
},
{
"romaji": "Pao",
"kanji": "包",
"english": "",
"explanation": "A property of certain yakuman that causes one person to be responsible for the whole payment if they discarded the tile that made it a yakuman."
},
{
"romaji": "Pei",
"kanji": "北",
"english": "North",
"explanation": "North wind tile."
},
{
"romaji": "Penchan",
"kanji": "辺張",
"english": "End wait",
"explanation": "A wait consisting of 12 waiting on 3, or 89 waiting on 7."
},
{
"romaji": "Pinzu",
"kanji": "筒子",
"english": "Dots, Circles",
"explanation": "The suit consisting of dot patterns."
},
{
"romaji": "Pon",
"kanji": "ポン",
"english": "Open triplet",
"explanation": "A tile call used to make a minkou from an opponent’s discard."
},
{
"romaji": "Renchan",
"kanji": "連荘",
"english": "",
"explanation": "A continuation of dealer position because the dealer either won or was tenpai at the end of the round."
},
{
"romaji": "Riipai",
"kanji": "理牌",
"english": "Sorting",
"explanation": "Arranging the tiles in your hand."
},
{
"romaji": "Rinshanpai",
"kanji": "嶺上牌",
"english": "Dead wall draw",
"explanation": "The tile drawn after making a Kan."
},
{
"romaji": "Ron",
"kanji": "栄 or ロン",
"english": "Deal in",
"explanation": "A win using an opponent’s discard."
},
{
"romaji": "Routouhai",
"kanji": "老頭牌",
"english": "Terminals",
"explanation": "The tiles numbered 1 and 9."
},
{
"romaji": "Ryanhan shibari",
"kanji": "二飜縛り",
"english": "2-han minimum",
"explanation": "A minimum limit of 2-han is applied to winning hands.  Usually, this is applied when the honba count reaches 5."
},
{
"romaji": "Ryankan",
"kanji": "両嵌",
"english": "",
"explanation": "Two kanchan shaped taatsu merged together, e.g. 357 which can be completed by either 4 or 6."
},
{
"romaji": "Ryanmen",
"kanji": "両面",
"english": "Open wait",
"explanation": "A two-sided wait, like 56 waiting on 4 or 7."
},
{
"romaji": "Ryuukyoku",
"kanji": "流局",
"english": "Drawn hand",
"explanation": "The end of the hand, where every tile not in players' hands and the dead wall has been drawn and discarded; and no winning hand was determined."
},
{
"romaji": "Saikoro",
"kanji": "骰子",
"english": "Dice",
"explanation": "The dice, used to determine dealer position and wall breaks."
},
{
"romaji": "Sakigiri",
"kanji": "先切り",
"english": "",
"explanation": "The act of discarding potentially dangerous tiles, before they actually become dangerous."
},
{
"romaji": "Sakizuke",
"kanji": "先付け",
"english": "",
"explanation": "Same as atozuke. Some people think that sakizuke is the opposite of atozuke, but that is incorrect."
},
{
"romaji": "Sanbaiman",
"kanji": "三倍満",
"english": "",
"explanation": "A hand worth 11 or 12 han."
},
{
"romaji": "Sangenpai",
"kanji": "三元牌",
"english": "Dragons",
"explanation": "The dragon tiles: Haku, Hatsu, and Chun."
},
{
"romaji": "Sanma",
"kanji": "三麻",
"english": "Three player, 3P",
"explanation": "The game played with three players."
},
{
"romaji": "Sashikomi",
"kanji": "差し込み",
"english": "",
"explanation": "Intentionally dealing into an opponent’s hand."
},
{
"romaji": "Senten",
"kanji": "センテン",
"english": "",
"explanation": "A 1,000 point hand."
},
{
"romaji": "Shaa/Xia",
"kanji": "西",
"english": "West",
"explanation": "The west tile."
},
{
"romaji": "Shabo",
"kanji": "シャボ",
"english": "Dual pair",
"explanation": "Abbreviation of shanpon."
},
{
"romaji": "Shanten",
"kanji": "向聴",
"english": "",
"explanation": "Number of tiles needed to reach tenpai."
},
{
"romaji": "Shanpon",
"kanji": "双ポン",
"english": "Dual pairs",
"explanation": "A wait consisting of two pairs, one of which must be upgraded to a koutsu."
},
{
"romaji": "Shibori",
"kanji": "絞り",
"english": "",
"explanation": "Holding on to tiles that an opponent would otherwise be likely to pon or chi."
},
{
"romaji": "Shimocha",
"kanji": "下家",
"english": "Right player",
"explanation": "The player to the right."
},
{
"romaji": "Shoku",
"kanji": "色",
"english": "Color",
"explanation": "Suit.  Literally means \"color\"."
},
{
"romaji": "Shonpai",
"kanji": "生牌",
"english": "Live tile",
"explanation": "A tile that has not yet been discarded this round."
},
{
"romaji": "Shuntsu",
"kanji": "順子",
"english": "Sequence",
"explanation": "This is the generic term for, three consecutive tiles of the same suit, whether open or closed. Chii is used to call a tile to complete a shuntsu and set it aside as a minjun (open). A concealed (closed) shuntsu is an anjun."
},
{
"romaji": "Shuupai",
"kanji": "数牌",
"english": "Number tiles",
"explanation": "The number tiles. Also \"suupai\"."
},
{
"romaji": "Somete",
"kanji": "染め手",
"english": "Flushing hand",
"explanation": "A common saying of flushing hand, usually Honitsu (Half Flush) and Chinitsu (Full Flush). Literally means \"dyeing hand\"."
},
{
"romaji": "Souzu",
"kanji": "索子",
"english": "Bamboo tiles",
"explanation": "The suit consisting of patterns of bamboo sticks."
},
{
"romaji": "Suji",
"kanji": "筋",
"english": "Tile interval",
"explanation": "The tiles that complete ryanmen (open waits).  Means \"muscle\"."
},
{
"romaji": "Suupai",
"kanji": "数牌",
"english": "Number tiles",
"explanation": "The number tiles. Also \"shuupai\"."
},
{
"romaji": "Suteru",
"kanji": "捨てる",
"english": "To discard",
"explanation": "To discard a tile."
},
{
"romaji": "Taatsu",
"kanji": "塔子",
"english": "Protogroup",
"explanation": "Any tile pair that can be turned into a tile group, or shuntsu, with one more tile. For example, 46 can be completed with a 5."
},
{
"romaji": "Takame",
"kanji": "高目",
"english": "",
"explanation": "The specific tile with a multiple tile wait, during tenpai, that would produce the most points.  Opposite of \"yasume\"."
},
{
"romaji": "Tanyaohai",
"kanji": "断幺牌",
"english": "Simples",
"explanation": "The tiles numbered 2 through 8. Also \"chunchan\"."
},
{
"romaji": "Tanki",
"kanji": "単騎",
"english": "Pair wait",
"explanation": "A wait on a single tile to complete the pair."
},
{
"romaji": "Tedashi",
"kanji": "手出し",
"english": "",
"explanation": "To discard a tile originally from hand. Opposite of \"tsumogiri\"."
},
{
"romaji": "Tenbou",
"kanji": "点棒",
"english": "Point sticks",
"explanation": "Point sticks used for manual scoring."
},
{
"romaji": "Tenpai",
"kanji": "聴牌",
"english": "Ready",
"explanation": "A hand that needs only one tile to win."
},
{
"romaji": "Tenpane",
"kanji": "テンパネ",
"english": "",
"explanation": "The advantage of rounding up to the higher 10 fu mark, when just crossing the previous 10 fu.  Example: Being 2 fu above 30 fu, allowing an above rounding of 40 fu."
},
{
"romaji": "Tobi",
"kanji": "トビ",
"english": "Bankrupt, Negative",
"explanation": "The condition by which players points fall below zero (go into negative)."
},
{
"romaji": "Tochuu ryuukyoku",
"kanji": "途中流局",
"english": "Abortive draw",
"explanation": "Specific conditions that immediately ends a hand session."
},
{
"romaji": "Toitsu",
"kanji": "対子",
"english": "Pair",
"explanation": "A pair of identical tiles."
},
{
"romaji": "Toimen",
"kanji": "対面",
"english": "Across",
"explanation": "The player sitting directly across from you."
},
{
"romaji": "Ton",
"kanji": "東",
"english": "East",
"explanation": "East wind tile."
},
{
"romaji": "Tonpuusen",
"kanji": "東風戦",
"english": "East only round",
"explanation": "A game consisting of an East only round."
},
{
"romaji": "Tsumo",
"kanji": "自摸",
"english": "Self-draw",
"explanation": "A self-drawn tile.  Also short for Menzenchin tsumohou, or winning by self-draw."
},
{
"romaji": "Tsumogiri",
"kanji": "ツモ切り",
"english": "",
"explanation": "Discarding the tile that was just drawn. Opposite of \"tedashi\"."
},
{
"romaji": "Ukeire",
"kanji": "受け入れ",
"english": "",
"explanation": "The tile count for a hand in order to reduce shanten."
},
{
"romaji": "Uma",
"kanji": "ウマ",
"english": "+/-",
"explanation": "An additional end game score, calculated based on the ante, plus-minus adjustment, and game rank."
},
{
"romaji": "Uradora",
"kanji": "裏ドラ",
"english": "Underneath dora",
"explanation": "Additional dora located underneath previously revealed dora indicators, which can be earned by winning with riichi."
},
{
"romaji": "Urasuji",
"kanji": "裏",
"english": "Back vein",
"explanation": "The discarded tile that lies just outside of a dangerous wait, one count higher (or lower) and represent a kanchan wait being upgraded to a ryanmen one"
},
{
"romaji": "Wanpai",
"kanji": "王牌",
"english": "Dead wall",
"explanation": "The \"dead\" section of wall that can’t be used except for Dora indicators and Kan draws."
},
{
"romaji": "Wareme",
"kanji": "割れ目",
"english": "",
"explanation": "A rule that doubles any payment involving the player whose wall was broken at the start of the hand."
},
{
"romaji": "Yakitori",
"kanji": "焼き鳥",
"english": "Winless game",
"explanation": "A game, by which a player did not win at least one hand during a game ."
},
{
"romaji": "Yaku",
"kanji": "役",
"english": "Hand pattern",
"explanation": "A required scoring pattern or condition in the hand that awards han, such as Tanyao or Toitoi."
},
{
"romaji": "Yakuman",
"kanji": "役満",
"english": "Limit hand",
"explanation": "A hand worth 13 han or more, or a specific pattern among the yakuman classed hand patterns.  Maximum points for a pattern is awarded without aotenjou applied."
},
{
"romaji": "Yama",
"kanji": "山",
"english": "",
"explanation": "The tile walls, literally means \"mountains\"."
},
{
"romaji": "Yamagoshi",
"kanji": "山越し",
"english": "",
"explanation": "A tactic of declining a winning tile, until after one's subsequent turn."
},
{
"romaji": "Yamiten",
"kanji": "闇聴",
"english": "",
"explanation": "Another word for \"damaten\"."
},
{
"romaji": "Yaochuuhai",
"kanji": "幺九牌",
"english": "",
"explanation": "All tiles numbered 1 and 9 (routouhai) plus characters (jihai)."
},
{
"romaji": "Yasude",
"kanji": "安手",
"english": "Cheap hand",
"explanation": "A low scoring hand."
},
{
"romaji": "Yasume",
"kanji": "安目",
"english": "",
"explanation": "The specific tile(s) in a multiple wait that would produce the least points. Opposite of \"takame\"."
},
{
"romaji": "Zentsuppa",
"kanji": "全ツッパ",
"english": "All out",
"explanation": "A strategy that attempts to win a hand at all costs while ignoring the possibility of dealing into an opponent’s hand."
},
{
"romaji": "Iiman",
"kanji": "一萬",
"english": "One of numbers",
"explanation": "The one of numbers tile."
},
{
"romaji": "Ryanman",
"kanji": "二萬",
"english": "Two of numbers",
"explanation": "The two of numbers tile."
},
{
"romaji": "Sanman",
"kanji": "三萬",
"english": "Three of numbers",
"explanation": "The three of numbers tile."
},
{
"romaji": "Suuman",
"kanji": "四萬",
"english": "Four of numbers",
"explanation": "The four of numbers tile."
},
{
"romaji": "Uuman",
"kanji": "五萬",
"english": "Five of numbers",
"explanation": "The five of numbers tile."
},
{
"romaji": "Rouman",
"kanji": "六萬",
"english": "Six of numbers",
"explanation": "The six of numbers tile."
},
{
"romaji": "Chiiman",
"kanji": "七萬",
"english": "Seven of numbers",
"explanation": "The seven of numbers tile."
},
{
"romaji": "Paaman",
"kanji": "八萬",
"english": "Eight of numbers",
"explanation": "The eight of numbers tile."
},
{
"romaji": "Kyuuman",
"kanji": "九萬",
"english": "Nine of numbers",
"explanation": "The nine of numbers tile."
},
{
"romaji": "Iipin",
"kanji": "一筒",
"english": "One of circles",
"explanation": "The one of circles tile."
},
{
"romaji": "Ryanpin",
"kanji": "二筒",
"english": "Two of circles",
"explanation": "The two of circles tile."
},
{
"romaji": "Sanpin",
"kanji": "三筒",
"english": "Three of circles",
"explanation": "The three of circles tile."
},
{
"romaji": "Suupin",
"kanji": "四筒",
"english": "Four of circles",
"explanation": "The four of circles tile."
},
{
"romaji": "Uupin",
"kanji": "五筒",
"english": "Five of circles",
"explanation": "The five of circles tile."
},
{
"romaji": "Roupin",
"kanji": "六筒",
"english": "Six of circles",
"explanation": "The six of circles tile."
},
{
"romaji": "Chiipin",
"kanji": "七筒",
"english": "Seven of circles",
"explanation": "The seven of circles tile."
},
{
"romaji": "Paapin",
"kanji": "八筒",
"english": "Eight of circles",
"explanation": "The eight of circles tile."
},
{
"romaji": "Kyuupin",
"kanji": "九筒",
"english": "Nine of circles",
"explanation": "The nine of circles tile."
},
{
"romaji": "Iisou",
"kanji": "一索",
"english": "One of bamboos",
"explanation": "The one of bamboos tile."
},
{
"romaji": "Ryansou",
"kanji": "二索",
"english": "Two of bamboos",
"explanation": "The two of bamboos tile."
},
{
"romaji": "Sansou",
"kanji": "三索",
"english": "Three of bamboos",
"explanation": "The three of bamboos tile."
},
{
"romaji": "Suusou",
"kanji": "四索",
"english": "Four of bamboos",
"explanation": "The four of bamboos tile."
},
{
"romaji": "Uusou",
"kanji": "五索",
"english": "Five of bamboos",
"explanation": "The five of bamboos tile."
},
{
"romaji": "Rousou",
"kanji": "六索",
"english": "Six of bamboos",
"explanation": "The six of bamboos tile."
},
{
"romaji": "Chiisou",
"kanji": "七索",
"english": "Seven of bamboos",
"explanation": "The seven of bamboos tile."
},
{
"romaji": "Paasou",
"kanji": "八索",
"english": "Eight of bamboos",
"explanation": "The eight of bamboos tile."
},
{
"romaji": "Kyuusou",
"kanji": "九索",
"english": "Nine of bamboos",
"explanation": "The nine of bamboos tile."
},
{
"romaji": "Haku",
"kanji": "白",
"english": "White dragon",
"explanation": "The white dragon tile."
},
{
"romaji": "Hatsu",
"kanji": "發",
"english": "Green dragon",
"explanation": "The green dragon tile."
},
{
"romaji": "Chun",
"kanji": "中",
"english": "Red dragon",
"explanation": "The red dragon tile."
},
{
"romaji": "Riichi",
"kanji": "立直",
"english": "",
"explanation": "A yaku where one declares their hand ready at the cost of being unable to change it. Worth 1 han, closed only."
},
{
"romaji": "Ippatsu",
"kanji": "一発",
"english": "",
"explanation": "A yaku where a player wins within one uninterrupted go-around after declaring riichi. Worth 1 han, closed only."
},
{
"romaji": "Double riichi",
"kanji": "ダブル立直",
"english": "",
"explanation": "A yaku where the player declares riichi after the first draw of their turn. Worth 2 han, closed only."
},
{
"romaji": "Menzenchin tsumohou",
"kanji": "門前清自摸和",
"english": "Fully concealed hand",
"explanation": "A yaku where all tiles, including the final one, are drawn from the wall. Worth 1 han, closed only."
},
{
"romaji": "Tanyao",
"kanji": "断么九",
"english": "All simples",
"explanation": "A yaku where the hand consists only of simple tiles. Worth 1 han."
},
{
"romaji": "Pinfu",
"kanji": "平和",
"english": "No-point hand",
"explanation": "A yaku where the hand has no extra fu points. Worth 1 han, closed only."
},
{
"romaji": "Iipeikou",
"kanji": "一盃口",
"english": "Pure double sequence",
"explanation": "A yaku where the hand contains two identical sequences. Worth 1 han, closed only."
},
{
"romaji": "Ikkitsuukan",
"kanji": "Ikkitsuukan",
"english": "Straight",
"explanation": "A yaku where the hand contains the sequences 123, 456, and 789 from one suit. Worth 2 han, or 1 han when open."
},
{
"romaji": "Yakuhai",
"kanji": "役牌",
"english": "Value triplet",
"explanation": "A yaku where the hand contains a triplet of a dragon, seat wind, or round wind. Worth 1 han."
},
{
"romaji": "Sanshoku doujun",
"kanji": "三色同順",
"english": "Triple sequences",
"explanation": "A yaku where the hand contains the same numbered sequences across all three numbered tiles. Worth 2 han, or 1 han when open."
},
{
"romaji": "Sanshoku doukou",
"kanji": "三色同刻",
"english": "Triple triples",
"explanation": "A yaku where the hand contains the same numbered triplet across all three numbered tiles. Worth 2 han."
},
{
"romaji": "Toitoihou",
"kanji": "対々和",
"english": "All triplets",
"explanation": "A yaku where the open hand consists of four triplets and a pair. Worth 2 han."
},
{
"romaji": "Sanankou",
"kanji": "三暗刻",
"english": "Three concealed triplets",
"explanation": "A yaku where the hand contains three concealed triplets. Worth 2 han."
},
{
"romaji": "Sankantsu",
"kanji": "三槓子",
"english": "Three kans",
"explanation": "A yaku where the hand contains three kans. Worth 2 han."
},
{
"romaji": "Honchantaiyaochuu",
"kanji": "混全帯么九",
"english": "Half outside hand",
"explanation": "A yaku where each pair and group contains at least one terminal or honor tile."
},
{
"romaji": "Junchantaiyaochuu",
"kanji": "純全帯么九",
"english": "Outside hand",
"explanation": "A yaku where each pair and group contains at least one terminal."
},
{
"romaji": "Ryanpeikou",
"kanji": "二盃口",
"english": "Twice pure double sequence",
"explanation": "A yaku where the hand contains two iipeikou. Worth 3 han, closed only."
},
{
"romaji": "Shousangen",
"kanji": "小三元",
"english": "Little Three Dragons",
"explanation": "A yaku where the hand contains two triplets and a pair of dragons. Worth 2 han."
},
{
"romaji": "Honroutou",
"kanji": "混老頭",
"english": "All terminals and honors",
"explanation": "A yaku where the hand contains four triplets and a pair that consist of terminal and honor tiles. Worth 2 han."
},
{
"romaji": "Honiisou",
"kanji": "混一色",
"english": "Half flush",
"explanation": "A yaku where the hand contains only honor tiles and tiles from a single suit. Worth 3 han, or 2 han when open."
},
{
"romaji": "Chiniisou",
"kanji": "清一色",
"english": "Full flush",
"explanation": "A yaku where the hand contains only tiles from a single suit. Worth 6 han, or 5 han when open."
},
{
"romaji": "Chiitoitsu",
"kanji": "七対子",
"english": "Seven pairs",
"explanation": "A yaku where the hand consists of seven pairs. Worth 2 han, closed only."
},
{
"romaji": "Rinshan kaihou",
"kanji": "嶺上開花",
"english": "After a kan",
"explanation": "A yaku where the winning tile is drawn from the dead wall. Worth 1 han."
},
{
"romaji": "Haitei raoyue",
"kanji": "海底撈月",
"english": "Under the sea",
"explanation": "A yaku where the winning tile is the last tile to be drawn in the round. Worth 1 han."
},
{
"romaji": "Houtei raoyui ",
"kanji": "河底撈魚",
"english": "Under the river",
"explanation": "A yaku where the winning tile is the last tile to be discarded in the round. Worth 1 han."
},
{
"romaji": "Chankan",
"kanji": "搶槓",
"english": "Robbing a kan",
"explanation": "A yaku where the winning tile is robbed from an added kan. Worth 1 han."
},
{
"romaji": "Kokushi musou",
"kanji": "国士無双",
"english": "Thirteen orphans",
"explanation": "A yakuman where the contains one of each honor and terminal tile, plus one duplicate. Closed only."
},
{
"romaji": "Kokushi musou juusan menmachi",
"kanji": "国士無双十三面待ち",
"english": "Thirteen orphans, thirteen-sided wait",
"explanation": "A variant of kokushi musou where the hand had a thirteen-sided wait. Worth a double yakuman. Closed only."
},
{
"romaji": "Daisangen",
"kanji": "大三元",
"english": "Big three dragons",
"explanation": "A yakuman where the hand contains three triplets of dragons."
},
{
"romaji": "Suuankou",
"kanji": "四暗刻",
"english": "Four concealed triplets",
"explanation": "A yakuman where the hand contains four concealed triplets. Closed only."
},
{
"romaji": "Suuankou tanki",
"kanji": "四暗刻単騎",
"english": "Four concealed triplets, pair wait",
"explanation": "A variant of suuankou where the hand had a pair wait. Worth a double yakuman. Closed only."
},
{
"romaji": "Shousuushii",
"kanji": "小四喜",
"english": "Little four winds",
"explanation": "A yakuman where the hand contains three triplets and a pair of winds."
},
{
"romaji": "Daisuushii",
"kanji": "大四喜",
"english": "Big four winds",
"explanation": "A yakuman where the hand contains four triplets of winds. Worth a double yakuman."
},
{
"romaji": "Tsuuiisou",
"kanji": "字一色",
"english": "All honors",
"explanation": "A yakuman where the hand consists solely of honor tiles."
},
{
"romaji": "Ryuuiisou",
"kanji": "緑一色",
"english": "All green",
"explanation": "A yakuman where the hand consists solely of 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 of bamboos and/or green dragon."
},
{
"romaji": "Chinroutou",
"kanji": "清老頭",
"english": "All terminals",
"explanation": "A yakuman where the hand consists solely of terminal tiles."
},
{
"romaji": "Chuuren poutou",
"kanji": "九連宝燈",
"english": "Nine gates",
"explanation": "A yakuman where the hand contains the pattern 1-1-1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-9-9 in a single suit plus one more tile in that suit. Closed only."
},
{
"romaji": "Junsei chuuren poutou",
"kanji": "純正九蓮宝燈",
"english": "Nine gates, nine-sided wait",
"explanation": "A variant of chuuren poutou where the hand had a nine-sided wait. Worth a double yakuman. Closed only."
},
{
"romaji": "Suukantsu",
"kanji": "四槓子",
"english": "Four kans",
"explanation": "A yakuman where the hand contains four kans."
},
{
"romaji": "Tenhou",
"kanji": "天和",
"english": "Blessing of heaven",
"explanation": "A yakuman where the dealer wins with their initial hand."
},
{
"romaji": "Chiihou",
"kanji": "地和",
"english": "Blessing of Earth",
"explanation": "A yakuman where a player wins on their first draw."
},
{
"romaji": "Renhou",
"kanji": "人和",
"english": "Blessing of human",
"explanation": "A yaku where the player wins on a discard before they draw a tile. Worth 5 han. Closed only."
},
{
"romaji": "Sanrenkou",
"kanji": "三連刻",
"english": "Three consecutive triplets",
"explanation": "A yaku where the hand contains three consecutive triplets in the same suit. Worth 2 han."
},
{
"romaji": "Iishoku sanjun",
"kanji": "一色三順",
"english": "Three identical sequences",
"explanation": "A yaku where the hand contains three identical sequences. Worth 2 han."
},
{
"romaji": "Shiisan puutaa",
"kanji": "十三不塔",
"english": "Thirteen non-matching tiles",
"explanation": "A yaku where the initial consists of thirteen tiles that do not form any protogroup, except for a single pair. Worth 5 han. Closed only."
},
{
"romaji": "Shousharin",
"kanji": "小車輪",
"english": "Seven pairs in one suit",
"explanation": "A yaku where the hand consists of seven pairs in one suit with at least one pair of terminals. Worth 2 han. Closed only."
},
{
"romaji": "Kinkei dokuritsu",
"kanji": "金鶏独立",
"english": "Lone golden rooster",
"explanation": "A yaku where the player has four open groups and wins with a single wait on 1 of bamboos. Worth 5 han, regardless of other yaku."
},
{
"romaji": "Nagashi mangan",
"kanji": "流し満貫",
"english": "Mangan at draw",
"explanation": "A yaku where the round has drawn, and the player only discarded honor and terminal tiles and no one claimed them. Worth 5 han."
},
{
"romaji": "Open riichi",
"kanji": "オープン立直",
"english": "",
"explanation": "A variant of riichi where the player shows their hand to other players. Worth 2 han, or a yakuman if a player who hasn't declared riichi themself deals in; closed only."
},
{
"romaji": "Otakaze sankou",
"kanji": "客風三刻",
"english": "Three valueless winds",
"explanation": "A yaku where the player has three triplets of winds that are not the seat wind or the round wind. Worth 3 han, or 2 han when open."
},
{
"romaji": "Uumensai",
"kanji": "五門斉",
"english": "Five-suit hand",
"explanation": "A yaku where the hand has a group of dragons, winds, bamboos, numbers, and circles. Worth 2 han."
},
{
"romaji": "Kinmonkyou",
"kanji": "金門橋",
"english": "Golden Gate Bridge",
"explanation": "A yaku where the hand contains the sequences 123, 345, 567, 789 in one suit. Worth 3 han, or 2 han if open."
},
{
"romaji": "Tsumabe gaeshi",
"kanji": "燕返し",
"english": "Win on riichi discard",
"explanation": "A yaku where the player wins on a tile discarded after another player's riichi declaration. Worth 1 han."
},
{
"romaji": "Suurenkou",
"kanji": "四連刻",
"english": "Four consecutive triplets",
"explanation": "A yakuman where the hand contains four consecutive triplets."
},
{
"romaji": "Iishoku yonjun",
"kanji": "一色四順",
"english": "Four identical sequences",
"explanation": "A yakuman where the hand contains four identical sequences."
},
{
"romaji": "Shiisuu puutaa",
"kanji": "十四不塔",
"english": "Fourteen non-matching tiles",
"explanation": "A yakuman where the initial consists of thirteen tiles that do not form any protogroup, except for a single pair. Closed only."
},
{
"romaji": "Daichiisei",
"kanji": "大七星",
"english": "Seven distinct honor pairs",
"explanation": "A yakuman where the hand consists of seven distinct honor pairs. Closed only."
},
{
"romaji": "Daisharin",
"kanji": "大車輪",
"english": "Seven simple pairs in one suit",
"explanation": "A yakuman where the hand consists of seven pairs in one suit without any terminals. Closed only."
},
{
"romaji": "Beni kujaku",
"kanji": "紅孔雀",
"english": "Red peacock",
"explanation": "A yakuman where the hand consists only of 1, 5, 7, 9 of bamboos and/or red dragon."
},
{
"romaji": "Paarenchan",
"kanji": "八連荘",
"english": "Ninth dealer win in a row",
"explanation": "A yakuman where the dealer wins with at least eight honba on the table."
},
{
"romaji": "Go zoku kyouwa",
"kanji": "五族協和",
"english": "Five races, one union",
"explanation": "A yakuman where the hand contains four triplets of bamboos, numbers, circles, dragons, and a pair of seat wind. Closed only."
},
{
"romaji": "Daikinmonkyou",
"kanji": "大金門橋",
"english": "Big Golden Gate Bridge",
"explanation": "A yakuman where the hand contains the sequences 123, 345, 567, 789 in one suit, plus a pair in the same suit."
},
{
"romaji": "Hyakuman goku",
"kanji": "百萬石",
"english": "One million stones",
"explanation": "A yakuman where the hand consists of only number tiles and the sum of all of their numeric values is at least 100."
},
{
"romaji": "Ao no doumon",
"kanji": "青の洞門",
"english": "The Blue Tunnel",
"explanation": "A yakuman where the hand consists only of 2, 4, 8 of circles and wind tiles. Closed only."
},
{
"romaji": "Kaachou fuugetsu",
"kanji": "花鳥風月",
"english": "Beauties of nature",
"explanation": "A yakuman where the hand contains triplets of 5 of circles, 1 of circles, seat wind, and 1 of bamboos."
},
{
"romaji": "Fuuka setsugetsu",
"kanji": "風花雪月",
"english": "The four seasons",
"explanation": "A yakuman where the hand contains triplets of 5 of circles, 1 of circles, seat wind, and white dragon."
}]

(defparameter *suits*
  '(("man" "萬" "numbers")
    ("pin" "筒" "circles")
    ("sou" "索" "bamboos")))

(defparameter *digits*
  '(("ii" "一") ("ryan" "二") ("san" "三")
    ("suu" "四") ("uu" "五") ("rou" "六")
    ("chii" "七") ("paa" "八") ("kyuu" "九")))

(defparameter *dragons*
  '(("Haku" "白" "White dragon" "The white dragon tile.")
    ("Hatsu" "發" "Green dragon" "The green dragon tile.")
    ("Chun" "中" "Red dragon" "The red dragon tile.")))

(defparameter *standard-yaku*
  '(("Riichi" "立直" ""
     "A yaku where one declares their hand ready at the cost of being unable to change it. Worth 1 han, closed only.")
    ("Ippatsu" "一発" ""
     "A yaku where a player wins within one uninterrupted go-around after declaring riichi. Worth 1 han, closed only.")
    ("Double riichi" "ダブル立直" ""
     "A yaku where the player declares riichi after the first draw of their turn. Worth 2 han, closed only.")
    ("Menzenchin tsumohou" "門前清自摸和" "Fully concealed hand"
     "A yaku where all tiles, including the final one, are drawn from the wall. Worth 1 han, closed only.")
    ("Tanyao" "断么九" "All simples"
     "A yaku where the hand consists only of simple tiles. Worth 1 han.")
    ("Pinfu" "平和" "No-point hand"
     "A yaku where the hand has no extra fu points. Worth 1 han, closed only.")
    ("Iipeikou" "一盃口" "Pure double sequence"
     "A yaku where the hand contains two identical sequences. Worth 1 han, closed only.")
    ("Ikkitsuukan" "Ikkitsuukan" "Straight"
     "A yaku where the hand contains the sequences 123, 456, and 789 from one suit. Worth 2 han, or 1 han when open.")
    ("Yakuhai" "役牌" "Value triplet"
     "A yaku where the hand contains a triplet of a dragon, seat wind, or round wind. Worth 1 han.")
    ("Sanshoku doujun" "三色同順" "Triple sequences"
     "A yaku where the hand contains the same numbered sequences across all three numbered tiles. Worth 2 han, or 1 han when open.")
    ("Sanshoku doukou" "三色同刻" "Triple triples"
     "A yaku where the hand contains the same numbered triplet across all three numbered tiles. Worth 2 han.")
    ("Toitoihou" "対々和" "All triplets"
     "A yaku where the open hand consists of four triplets and a pair. Worth 2 han.")
    ("Sanankou" "三暗刻" "Three concealed triplets"
     "A yaku where the hand contains three concealed triplets. Worth 2 han.")
    ("Sankantsu" "三槓子" "Three kans" "A yaku where the hand contains three kans. Worth 2 han.")
    ("Honchantaiyaochuu" "混全帯么九" "Half outside hand"
     "A yaku where each pair and group contains at least one terminal or honor tile.")
    ("Junchantaiyaochuu" "純全帯么九" "Outside hand"
     "A yaku where each pair and group contains at least one terminal.")
    ("Ryanpeikou" "二盃口" "Twice pure double sequence"
     "A yaku where the hand contains two iipeikou. Worth 3 han, closed only.")
    ("Shousangen" "小三元" "Little Three Dragons"
     "A yaku where the hand contains two triplets and a pair of dragons. Worth 2 han.")
    ("Honroutou" "混老頭" "All terminals and honors"
     "A yaku where the hand contains four triplets and a pair that consist of terminal and honor tiles. Worth 2 han.")
    ("Honiisou" "混一色" "Half flush"
     "A yaku where the hand contains only honor tiles and tiles from a single suit. Worth 3 han, or 2 han when open.")
    ("Chiniisou" "清一色" "Full flush"
     "A yaku where the hand contains only tiles from a single suit. Worth 6 han, or 5 han when open.")
    ("Chiitoitsu" "七対子" "Seven pairs"
     "A yaku where the hand consists of seven pairs. Worth 2 han, closed only.")
    ("Rinshan kaihou" "嶺上開花" "After a kan"
     "A yaku where the winning tile is drawn from the dead wall. Worth 1 han.")
    ("Haitei raoyue" "海底撈月" "Under the sea"
     "A yaku where the winning tile is the last tile to be drawn in the round. Worth 1 han.")
    ("Houtei raoyui " "河底撈魚" "Under the river"
     "A yaku where the winning tile is the last tile to be discarded in the round. Worth 1 han.")
    ("Chankan" "搶槓" "Robbing a kan"
     "A yaku where the winning tile is robbed from an added kan. Worth 1 han.")))

(defparameter *standard-yakumans*
  '(("Kokushi musou" "国士無双" "Thirteen orphans"
     "A yakuman where the contains one of each honor and terminal tile, plus one duplicate. Closed only.")
    ("Kokushi musou juusan menmachi" "国士無双十三面待ち" "Thirteen orphans, thirteen-sided wait"
     "A variant of kokushi musou where the hand had a thirteen-sided wait. Worth a double yakuman. Closed only.")
    ("Daisangen" "大三元" "Big three dragons"
     "A yakuman where the hand contains three triplets of dragons.")
    ("Suuankou" "四暗刻" "Four concealed triplets"
     "A yakuman where the hand contains four concealed triplets. Closed only.")
    ("Suuankou tanki" "四暗刻単騎" "Four concealed triplets, pair wait"
     "A variant of suuankou where the hand had a pair wait. Worth a double yakuman. Closed only.")
    ("Shousuushii" "小四喜" "Little four winds"
     "A yakuman where the hand contains three triplets and a pair of winds.")
    ("Daisuushii" "大四喜" "Big four winds"
     "A yakuman where the hand contains four triplets of winds. Worth a double yakuman.")
    ("Tsuuiisou" "字一色" "All honors"
     "A yakuman where the hand consists solely of honor tiles.")
    ("Ryuuiisou" "緑一色" "All green"
     "A yakuman where the hand consists solely of 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 of bamboos and/or green dragon.")
    ("Chinroutou" "清老頭" "All terminals"
     "A yakuman where the hand consists solely of terminal tiles.")
    ("Chuuren poutou" "九連宝燈" "Nine gates"
     "A yakuman where the hand contains the pattern 1-1-1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-9-9 in a single suit plus one more tile in that suit. Closed only.")
    ("Junsei chuuren poutou" "純正九蓮宝燈" "Nine gates, nine-sided wait"
     "A variant of chuuren poutou where the hand had a nine-sided wait. Worth a double yakuman. Closed only.")
    ("Suukantsu" "四槓子" "Four kans"
     "A yakuman where the hand contains four kans.")
    ("Tenhou" "天和" "Blessing of heaven"
     "A yakuman where the dealer wins with their initial hand.")
    ("Chiihou" "地和" "Blessing of Earth"
     "A yakuman where a player wins on their first draw.")))

(defparameter *nonstandard-yaku*
  '(("Renhou" "人和" "Blessing of human"
     "A yaku where the player wins on a discard before they draw a tile. Worth 5 han. Closed only.")
    ("Sanrenkou" "三連刻" "Three consecutive triplets"
     "A yaku where the hand contains three consecutive triplets in the same suit. Worth 2 han.")
    ("Iishoku sanjun" "一色三順" "Three identical sequences"
     "A yaku where the hand contains three identical sequences. Worth 2 han.")
    ("Shiisanpuutaa" "十三不塔" "Thirteen non-matching tiles"
     "A yaku where the initial consists of thirteen tiles that do not form any protogroup, except for a single pair. Worth 5 han. Closed only.")
    ("Shousharin" "小車輪" "Seven pairs in one suit"
     "A yaku where the hand consists of seven pairs in one suit with at least one pair of terminals. Worth 2 han. Closed only.")
    ("Kinkei dokuritsu" "金鶏独立" "Lone golden rooster"
     "A yaku where the player has four open groups and wins with a single wait on 1 of bamboos. Worth 5 han, regardless of other yaku.")
    ("Nagashi mangan" "流し満貫" "Mangan at draw"
     "A yaku where the round has drawn, and the player only discarded honor and terminal tiles and no one claimed them. Worth 5 han.")
    ("Open riichi" "オープン立直" ""
     "A variant of riichi where the player shows their hand to other players. Worth 2 han, or a yakuman if a player who hasn't declared riichi themself deals in; closed only.")
    ("Otakaze sankou" "客風三刻" "Three valueless winds"
     "A yaku where the player has three triplets of winds that are not the seat wind or the round wind. Worth 3 han, or 2 han when open.")
    ("Uumensai" "五門斉" "Five-suit hand"
     "A yaku where the hand has a group of dragons, winds, bamboos, numbers, and circles. Worth 2 han.")
    ("Kinmonkyou" "金門橋" "Golden Gate Bridge"
     "A yaku where the hand contains the sequences 123, 345, 567, 789 in one suit. Worth 3 han, or 2 han if open.")
    ("Tsumabe gaeshi" "燕返し" "Win on riichi discard"
     "A yaku where the player wins on a tile discarded after another player's riichi declaration. Worth 1 han.")))

(defparameter *nonstandard-yakumans*
  '(("Suurenkou" "四連刻" "Four consecutive triplets"
     "A yakuman where the hand contains four consecutive triplets.")
    ("Iishoku yonjun" "一色四順" "Four identical sequences"
     "A yakuman where the hand contains four identical sequences.")
    ("Shiisuupuutaa" "十四不塔" "Fourteen non-matching tiles"
     "A yakuman where the initial consists of thirteen tiles that do not form any protogroup, except for a single pair. Closed only.")
    ("Daichisei" "大七星" "Seven distinct honor pairs"
     "A yakuman where the hand consists of seven distinct honor pairs. Closed only.")
    ("Daisharin" "大車輪" "Seven simple pairs in one suit"
     "A yakuman where the hand consists of seven pairs in one suit without any terminals. Closed only.")
    ("Beni kujaku" "紅孔雀" "Red peacock"
     "A yakuman where the hand consists only of 1, 5, 7, 9 of bamboos and/or red dragon.")
    ("Paarenchan" "八連荘" "Ninth dealer win in a row"
     "A yakuman where the dealer wins with at least eight honba on the table.")
    ("Go zoku kyouwa" "五族協和" "Five races, one union"
     "A yakuman where the hand contains four triplets of bamboos, numbers, circles, dragons, and a pair of seat wind.")
    ("Daikinmonkyou" "大金門橋" "Big Golden Gate Bridge"
     "A yakuman where the hand contains the sequences 123, 345, 567, 789 in one suit, plus a pair in the same suit.")
    ("Hyakuman goku" "百萬石" "One million stones"
     "A yakuman where the hand consists of only number tiles and the sum of all of their numeric values is at least 100.")
    ("Ao no doumon" "青の洞門" "The Blue Tunnel"
     "A yakuman where the hand consists only of 2, 4, 8 of circles and wind tiles.")
    ("Kaachou fuugetsu" "花鳥風月" "Beauties of nature"
     "A yakuman where the hand contains triplets of 5 of circles, 1 of circles, seat wind, and 1 of bamboos.")
    ("Fuuka setsugetsu" "風花雪月" "The four seasons"
     "A yakuman where the hand contains triplets of 5 of circles, 1 of circles, seat wind, and white dragon.")))

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

(defun make-suit (suit)
  (loop with (jp-name suit-kanji en-name) = suit
        for i from 1
        for (digit digit-kanji) in *digits*
        for romaji = (format nil "~A~A" digit jp-name)
        for kanji = (format nil "~A~A" digit-kanji suit-kanji)
        for english = (format nil "~R of ~A" i en-name)
        for explanation = (format nil "The ~R of ~A tile." i en-name)
        do (setf (char romaji 0) (char-upcase (char romaji 0))
                 (char english 0) (char-upcase (char english 0)))
        collect (list romaji kanji english explanation)))

(defun make-tiles ()
  (append (mapcan #'make-suit *suits*) *dragons*
          *standard-yaku* *standard-yakumans*
          *nonstandard-yaku* *nonstandard-yakumans*))

(defun tile-to-json (tile)
  (destructuring-bind (romaji kanji english explanation) tile
    (let ((format-romaji (format nil "\"romaji\": ~S," romaji))
          (format-kanji (format nil "\"kanji\": ~S," kanji))
          (format-english (format nil "\"english\": ~S," english))
          (format-explanation (format nil "\"explanation\": ~S" explanation)))
      (format nil "{~%~A~%~A~%~A~%~A~%}"
              format-romaji format-kanji format-english format-explanation))))

(defun print-json ()
  (format t "[~{~A~^,~%~}]" (mapcar #'tile-to-json (make-tiles))))