Install Archlinux OS GUIDE (BIOS)

archlinux_installation.txt

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References

- https://www.cio.com/article/238607/how-to-install-arch-linux-on-your-pc.html
- https://arch.icekylin.online/
- https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/112536524
- https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/568211941

[NORMAL INSTALLATION]

*** BOOT UNDER BIOS NOT UEFI ***

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Restart sshd service

systemctl restart sshd.service

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Sync time

$ timedatectl set-ntp true
$ timedatectl status

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Change mirrorlist

# Cut the line with 'Server = http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch' and Paste it on top of the list

$ nano /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist

##
## Arch Linux repository mirrorlist
## Generated on 2020-12-05
##

Server = http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
## Worldwide
Server = http://mirrors.evowise.com/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
Server = http://mirror.rackspace.com/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
Server = https://mirror.rackspace.com/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch

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Configure Disk

$ lsblk
$ cfdisk

swap – 4 GB (min 512 MB)
/ – ~ 1000 GB (remaining space)

$ parted /dev/sda
root@archiso ~ # parted /dev/sda
GNU Parted 3.3
Using /dev/sda
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) set 1 boot on

$ lsblk
root@archiso ~ # lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
loop0 7:0 0 566.5M 1 loop /run/archiso/sfs/airootfs
sda 8:0 0 50G 0 disk 
├─sda1 8:2 0 4G 0 part 
├─sda2 8:3 0 45.7G 0 part 
sr0 11:0 1 690.3M 0 rom /run/archiso/bootmnt

$ mkswap -f /dev/sda1
$ mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2

$ mount /dev/sda2 /mnt
$ swapon /dev/sda1

# verify partitions
$ df -h

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Install system

$ pacstrap /mnt base linux linux-firmware linux-headers
$ pacstrap /mnt dhcpcd iwd vim sudo nano curl inetutils usbutils networkmanager openssh 
$ pacstrap /mnt amd-ucode

$ genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
$ cat /mnt/etc/fstab

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Convert environment to the newly installed partition

$ arch-chroot /mnt
root@archiso ~ # arch-chroot /mnt
[root@archiso /]# 

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Configure timezone

$ ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
$ hwclock --systohc

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Configure language

$ vim /etc/locale.gen
# uncomment the line with 'en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8'
$ locale-gen
$ echo 'LANG=en_US.utf-8' > /etc/locale.conf
[root@archiso /]# cat /etc/locale.conf 
LANG=en_US.utf-8

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Set rootpasswd

$ passwd root

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Set hostname

$ echo "archlinux.local" > /etc/hostname

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Setting up the boot-loader (syslinux)

$ pacman -S gdisk syslinux
$ syslinux-install_update -i -a -m

We need to edit the syslinux config file to use the correct root partition

$ vim boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg

Scroll down to find the section that lists entries for arch and archfallback. Replace “sda2” with the root partition of your system. After making those changes, my entries look like these.

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Enable services

$ systemctl enable dhcpcd
$ systemctl enable sshd
$ systemctl enable NetworkManager
$ exit

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Reboot

$ umount -R /mnt
$ reboot

[DONE WITH NORMAL INSTALLATION]

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[POST INSTALLATION]

$ ip a
$ ping www.baidu.com

# enable ssh root login
$ vim /etc/sshd/ssh_config
$ systemctl restart sshd

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Create new user

$ useradd -m -g users -G wheel -s /bin/bash kev
$ passwd kev
$ EDITOR=nano visudo
## Uncomment to allow members of group wheel to execute any command
%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL

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Change mirrorlist

# Cut the line with 'Server = http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch' and Paste it on top of the list

$ nano /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist

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Update the system

$ pacman -Syyu
$ pacman -S neofetch
$ neofetch


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Install softwares

$ vim /etc/pacman.conf
# Add multilib
[multilib]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist

# An example of a custom package repository. See the pacman manpage for
# tips on creating your own repositories.
[archlinuxcn]
SigLevel = Optional TrustAll
Server = https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/archlinuxcn/$arch

$ pacman -Syu

# compile tools
$ pacman -S base-devel git

$ sudo pacman -S archlinuxcn-keyring
$ sudo pacman -S yay

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Configure static IP address on Arch Linux

Reference: https://nanxiao.me/en/configure-static-ip-address-on-arch-linux/

Use NetworkManager to manage network on Arch Linux

# Check current connection
$ sudo -i
$ nmcli con show
NAME                UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE
Wired connection 1  f1014ad6-4291-3c29-9b0d-b552a0c5eb02  ethernet  enp0s3

# Configure IP address, gateway and DNS
$ nmcli con modify f1014ad6-4291-3c29-9b0d-b552a0c5eb02 ipv4.addresses 192.168.1.124/24
$ nmcli con modify f1014ad6-4291-3c29-9b0d-b552a0c5eb02 ipv4.gateway 192.168.1.1
$ nmcli con modify f1014ad6-4291-3c29-9b0d-b552a0c5eb02 ipv4.dns "8.8.8.8"
$ nmcli con modify f1014ad6-4291-3c29-9b0d-b552a0c5eb02 802-3-ethernet.mtu 1500
$ nmcli con modify f1014ad6-4291-3c29-9b0d-b552a0c5eb02 ipv4.method auto
$ nmcli con modify f1014ad6-4291-3c29-9b0d-b552a0c5eb02 ipv6.method auto
$ sudo nmcli con mod f1014ad6-4291-3c29-9b0d-b552a0c5eb02 connection.autoconnect yes

# Active connection
$ nmcli con up f1014ad6-4291-3c29-9b0d-b552a0c5eb02

# Verify the new ip
$ ip addr
# Check current configurations
$ nmcli d show

# It is done! BTW, the connection file can be found:
$ cat /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/Wired\ connection\ 1.nmconnection
[connection]
id=Wired connection 1
uuid=f1014ad6-4291-3c29-9b0d-b552a0c5eb02
type=ethernet
autoconnect-priority=-999
interface-name=enp0s3
......

Alternatively, use nmtui to configure

$ nmtui

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Configure Rootless Containerd

# Set subuid and subgid
$ touch /etc/subuid /etc/subgid
$ usermod --add-subuids 100000-165535 --add-subgids 100000-165535 <username>

# Verify subuid and subgid
$ cat /etc/subuid
$ cat /etc/subgid

# Install nerdctl and contained
$ yay -S nerdctl-full-bin
$ containerd-rootless-setuptool.sh install
$ sudo pacman -S contained

# Install buildkit
$ sudo pacman -S buildkit

# Test
$ nerdctl run -d --name nginx -p 80:80 nginx:alpine

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Install RVM

curl -L get.rvm.io | bash -s stable

# .bashrc
[[ -s "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" ]] && source "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm"
# fish shell
curl -L --create-dirs -o ~/.config/fish/functions/rvm.fish https://raw.github.com/lunks/fish-nuggets/master/functions/rvm.fish
echo "rvm default" >> ~/.config/fish/config.fish
# Set Path
set -gx PATH $PATH $HOME/.rvm/bin

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Install Homebrew

# Install Ruby 2.6.8 with RVM
rvm install 2.6.8
# Install Homebrew
sudo pacman -Syu base-devel
curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Linuxbrew/install/master/install.sh | sh
[ -d /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew ] && eval $(/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/bin/brew shellenv) >> ~/.config/fish/config.fish

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Extra Packages

- lnav (logging tool)

[DONE WITH POST INSTALLATION]

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Locale Issue

https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/385251617

# /etc/locale.gen
en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8

$ sudo locale-gen

# /etc/locale.conf
LANG=en_US.UTF-8

# Install Fronts

$ sudo pacman -S noto-fonts-cjk
$ sudo pacman -S firefox-i18n-zh-cn