A very simple bash one-liner. Note that the input and output formats can be anything that ffmpeg supports. In my case the input was a pile of (very old) short QuickTime videos of the kids that I wanted to play with more modern software.
Files that had been named something like "20031201.mov" before conversion, were renamed to "20031201.mp4".
$ for i in *.mov; do ffmpeg -i "$i" "${i%.*}.mp4"; done
Many people think that duct tape is the single most important invention of all time.
I would argue that the humble for loop may be even more so.