Before diving into signed and unsigned representations, it's essential to grasp the basics of binary numbers. Binary is a base-2 numeral system, meaning it only uses two digits: 0 and 1. Each digit in a binary number is called a bit. In a 4-bit binary number, there are four positions, each representing a power of 2, starting from the right (which is (2^0)).
Example of a 4-bit binary number:
1 0 1 1
Calculating its decimal equivalent: [