Lockable script

lockable_script_boilerplate.sh

#!/bin/bash
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
## Copyright (C) 2009 Przemyslaw Pawelczyk <[email protected]>
##
## This script is licensed under the terms of the MIT license.
## https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
#
# Lockable script boilerplate
 
### HEADER ###
 
LOCKFILE="/var/lock/`basename $0`"
LOCKFD=99
 
# PRIVATE
_lock()             { flock -$1 $LOCKFD; }
_no_more_locking()  { _lock u; _lock xn && rm -f $LOCKFILE; }
_prepare_locking()  { eval "exec $LOCKFD>\"$LOCKFILE\""; trap _no_more_locking EXIT; }
 
# ON START
_prepare_locking
 
# PUBLIC
exlock_now()        { _lock xn; }  # obtain an exclusive lock immediately or fail
exlock()            { _lock x; }   # obtain an exclusive lock
shlock()            { _lock s; }   # obtain a shared lock
unlock()            { _lock u; }   # drop a lock
 
### BEGIN OF SCRIPT ###
 
# Simplest example is avoiding running multiple instances of script.
exlock_now || exit 1
 
# Remember! Lock file is removed when one of the scripts exits and it is
#           the only script holding the lock or lock is not acquired at all.

An ugly test - if I kill -9 pid-of-my-script, then it doesn't have a chance to remove the lock.

This will always be true. kill -9 is "non-catchable, non-ignorable kill", the OS won't let you do anything when you get one, it's the equivalent of pulling taking an axe to the power supply. It's why you should escalate to kill -9 when trying to fix something, not start there.

This is beautiful. Thank you.

This is very nice.
If you don't mind the lockfile staying around, this is very simple and easy in bash and probably fine in sh (not tested):

exec 9>>mylockfile

if ! flock --exclusive --nonblock 9; then
    echo "$(date -u +"%FT%T.%3NZ") $$: scriptname will wait for lock"
    flock --exclusive 9
    echo "$(date -u +"%FT%T.%3NZ") $$: scriptname finished waiting for lock"
fi

... this code is protected against concurrency ...

It's easy enough to adjust that to exit if the script is already running:

exec 9>>mylockfile

if ! flock --exclusive --nonblock 9; then
    echo "scriptname already running, exiting"
    exit 1
fi

... this code is protected against concurrency ...

The lock is automatically released once the file descriptor is closed (which is inherited by subshells or things you exec from the shellscript, so all that needs to close).
Thus the rest of the script is protected against concurrent execution.
There is no issues with power loss and the lockfile staying around either.