A CodePen by rafagarcia.

index.html

<div class="maskedInputContainer">
<input type="text" class="tipo" maxlength="16" id="numero_tarjeta_debito" name="numero_tarjeta_debito" data-mask />
</div>

<p class="visualizeDemo">El valor escrito es: <span id="valor"></span></p>

script.js

/*
Jquery Mask Plugin
Developed by Denis Ciccale, Ilias Moreno and Rafa García
Version 1.0
27/11/2012
*/
(function () {
  $.fn.mask = function (options) {
    var defaults = {
      charLength: 16,
      stopAt: 12,
      maskChar: '\u25CF'
    };

    var settings = $.extend({}, defaults, options);

    return this.each(function () {
      var $input = $(this),
        totalValue,
        originalValue = '';

      $('<input type="text" class="tipo_mask" style="height: ' + $input.css('height') + '" maxlength="' + settings.charLength + '" />')
        .insertAfter($input)
        .keypress(function (e) {
          e.preventDefault();
          var keyPress = e.which,
            valueClicked = String.fromCharCode(keyPress),
            length = this.value.length,
            realInputVal = $input.val(),
            val = '';

          if (length < settings.charLength) {
            if (length < settings.stopAt + 1) {
              for(i = 0; i < length; i++) {
                val += settings.maskChar;
              }
            } else {
              val = this.value;
            }
            this.value = val + valueClicked;
            realInputVal += valueClicked;
            $input.val(realInputVal) ;
            $('#valor').text(realInputVal); // For demo only  
          }
        })
        .keyup(function (e) {
          if(e.which === 8 || e.which === 46) { //Backspace or Supr clicked
            $input.val('');
            this.value = '';
           }
        })
        .blur(function () {
          // fires form validation
          $input.focus().blur();
        });
    });
  };
}());

$(function () {
   $('[data-mask]').mask();
 });

style.css

div.maskedInputContainer {
  margin: 10px;
}

p.visualizeDemo {
  margin: 0 0 0 12px;
}

input.tipo {
    background: none repeat scroll 0 0 #FFFFFF;
    border: 1px solid #AAAAAA !important;
    border-radius: 4px 4px 4px 4px;
    box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) inset;
    color: #555555;
    font-size: 14px;
    outline: medium none;
    padding: 0 3px;
   height: 20px;
}

input.tipo_mask {
  background: white;
  outline: none;
  font-size: 14px;
  color: #555;
  -webkit-border-radius: 4px;
  -moz-border-radius: 4px;
  border-radius: 4px;
  -moz-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.2);
  -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, .2);
  box-shadow: inset 0 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, .2);
  padding: 0 2px;
  border: 0;
  margin: 1px 3px 3px 12px;
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
}