utf8.txt

+-----------+-------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+---------+
| no. bytes | bits for cp | first cp | last cp  | byte 0   | byte 1   | byte 2   | byte 3   | cps     |
+-----------+-------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+---------+
| 1         | 7           | U+0000   | U+007F   | 0xxxxxxx |          |          |          | 127     |
|           |             |          |          | 0-7F     |          |          |          |         |
+-----------+-------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+---------+
| 2         | 11          | U+0080   | U+07FF   | 110xxxxx | 10xxxxxx |          |          | 1919    |
|           |             |          |          | C0-DF    | 80-BF    |          |          |         |
+-----------+-------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+---------+
| 3         | 16          | U+0800   | U+FFFF   | 1110xxxx | 10xxxxxx | 10xxxxxx |          | 63487   |
|           |             |          |          | E0-EF    | 80-BF    | 80-BF    |          |         |
+-----------+-------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+---------+
| 4         | 21          | U+10000  | U+10FFFF | 11110xxx | 10xxxxxx | 10xxxxxx | 10xxxxxx | 1048575 |
|           |             |          |          | F0-F7    | 80-BF    | 80-BF    | 80-BF    |         |
+-----------+-------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+---------+

// these values were taken from some answer on stackoverflow, so I am not sure that it's correct
+--------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
|     Code Points    | byte 1     | byte 2     | byte 3     | byte 4     |
+--------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
|   U+0000..U+007F   | 00..7F     |            |            |            |
|                    | 0b00000000-|            |            |            |
|                    | 0b01111111 |            |            |            |
+--------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
|   U+0080..U+07FF   | C2..DF     | 80..BF     |            |            |
|                    | 0b11000010-| 0b10000000-|            |            |
|                    | 0b11011111 | 0b10111111 |            |            |
+--------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
|   U+0800..U+0FFF   | E0         | A0..BF     | 80..BF     |            |
|                    | 0b11100000 | 0b10100000-| 0b10000000-|            |
|                    |            | 0b10111111 | 0b10111111 |            |
+--------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
|   U+1000..U+CFFF   | E1..EC     | 80..BF     | 80..BF     |            |
|                    | 0b11100001-| 0b10000000-| 0b10000000-|            |
|                    | 0b11101100 | 0b10111111 | 0b10111111 |            |
+--------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
|   U+D000..U+D7FF   | ED         | 80..9F     | 80..BF     |            |
|                    | 0b11101101 | 0b10000000-| 0b10000000-|            |
|                    |            | 0b10011111 | 0b10111111 |            |
+--------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
|   U+E000..U+FFFF   | EE..EF     | 80..BF     | 80..BF     |            |
|                    | 0b11101110-| 0b10000000-| 0b10000000-|            |
|                    | 0b11101110 | 0b10111111 | 0b10111111 |            |
+--------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
|  U+10000..U+3FFFF  | F0         | 90..BF     | 80..BF     | 80..BF     |
|                    | 0b11110000 | 0b10010000-| 0b10000000-| 0b10000000-|
|                    |            | 0b10111111 | 0b10111111 | 0b10111111 |
+--------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
|  U+40000..U+FFFFF  | F1..F3     | 80..BF     | 80..BF     | 80..BF     |
|                    | 0b11110001-| 0b10000000-| 0b10000000-| 0b10000000-|
|                    | 0b11110011 | 0b10111111 | 0b10111111 | 0b10111111 |
+--------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| U+100000..U+10FFFF | F4         | 80..8F     | 80..BF     | 80..BF     |
|                    | 0b11110100 | 0b10000000-| 0b10000000-| 0b10000000-|
|                    |            | 0b10111111 | 0b10111111 | 0b10111111 |
+--------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+