Anachronistic species and genus names

== Taxonomy tester - anachronistic species and genus names

This test compares the dates of species names and the genus name. If a name is a new combination then the author name is enclosed in parentheses. If a species is placed in a genus that was published after the species was described, then logically the name is a new combination. However in some cases GBIF has species names which violate this rule.

This example uses the butterfly genus Heliopyrgus

//hide
//setup
//output
[source,cypher]
----
CREATE 
(gbif1950649:taxon { name:"Heliopyrgus", rank:"GENUS", uninomial:"Heliopyrgus", authorship:"Herrera, 1957", accordingTo:"The Catalogue of Life, 3rd January 2011", hasParentheses:"false", year:"1957"}),
(gbif1950649)-[:HASPARENT]->(gbif6953),
(gbif1950651:taxon { name:"Heliopyrgus willi", rank:"SPECIES", genusPart:"Heliopyrgus", epithet:"willi", authorship:"Plötz, 1884", accordingTo:"Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera", hasParentheses:"false", year:"1884"}),
(gbif1950651)-[:HASPARENT]->(gbif1950649),
(gbif4301886:taxon { name:"Heliopyrgus sublinea", rank:"SPECIES", genusPart:"Heliopyrgus", epithet:"sublinea", authorship:" (Schaus, 1902)", accordingTo:"Integrated Taxonomic Information System", hasParentheses:"true", year:"1902"}),
(gbif4301886)-[:HASPARENT]->(gbif1950649),
(gbif1950653:taxon { name:"Heliopyrgus nearchus", rank:"SPECIES", genusPart:"Heliopyrgus", epithet:"nearchus", authorship:"Edwards, 1882", accordingTo:"Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera", hasParentheses:"false", year:"1882"}),
(gbif1950653)-[:HASPARENT]->(gbif1950649),
(gbif1950656:taxon { name:"Heliopyrgus margarita", rank:"SPECIES", genusPart:"Heliopyrgus", epithet:"margarita", authorship:"Bell, 1937", accordingTo:"Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera", hasParentheses:"false", year:"1937"}),
(gbif1950656)-[:HASPARENT]->(gbif1950649),
(gbif1950654:taxon { name:"Heliopyrgus domicella", rank:"SPECIES", genusPart:"Heliopyrgus", epithet:"domicella", authorship:"Erichson, 1848", accordingTo:"The Catalogue of Life, 3rd January 2011", hasParentheses:"false", year:"1848"}),
(gbif1950654)-[:HASPARENT]->(gbif1950649),
(gbif6203771:taxon { name:"Heliopyrgus domicella willi", rank:"SUBSPECIES", genusPart:"Heliopyrgus", epithet:"willi", authorship:"Plötz, 1884", accordingTo:"The Catalogue of Life, 3rd January 2011", hasParentheses:"false", year:"1884"}),
(gbif6203771)-[:HASPARENT]->(gbif1950654),
(gbif7215372:taxon { name:"Heliopyrgus domicella domicella", rank:"SUBSPECIES", genusPart:"Heliopyrgus", epithet:"domicella", accordingTo:"Integrated Taxonomic Information System"}),
(gbif7215372)-[:HASPARENT]->(gbif1950654),
(gbif6203772:taxon { name:"Heliopyrgus domicella margarita", rank:"SUBSPECIES", genusPart:"Heliopyrgus", epithet:"margarita", authorship:"Bell, 1937", accordingTo:"The Catalogue of Life, 3rd January 2011", hasParentheses:"false", year:"1937"}),
(gbif6203772)-[:HASPARENT]->(gbif1950654),
(gbif1950655:taxon { name:"Heliopyrgus bellatrix", rank:"SPECIES", genusPart:"Heliopyrgus", epithet:"bellatrix", authorship:"Plötz, 1884", accordingTo:"Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera", hasParentheses:"false", year:"1884"}),
(gbif1950655)-[:HASPARENT]->(gbif1950649),
(gbif1950650:taxon { name:"Heliopyrgus americanus", rank:"SPECIES", genusPart:"Heliopyrgus", epithet:"americanus", authorship:"Blanchard, 1852", accordingTo:"The Catalogue of Life, 3rd January 2011", hasParentheses:"false", year:"1852"}),
(gbif1950650)-[:HASPARENT]->(gbif1950649),
(gbif1950652:taxon { name:"Heliopyrgus aconita", rank:"SPECIES", genusPart:"Heliopyrgus", epithet:"aconita", authorship:"Plötz, 1884", accordingTo:"Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera", hasParentheses:"false", year:"1884"}),
(gbif1950652)-[:HASPARENT]->(gbif1950649)
----

// graph

== Test that there are no anachronisms

This next query should return an empty result

[source,cypher]
----
MATCH 
(species:taxon)-[:HASPARENT]->(genus:taxon)
WHERE species.year < genus.year AND species.hasParentheses = "false"
RETURN species.name, species.authorship, genus.authorship, species.accordingTo
----

//table

The query is not empty, so we have a problem. In this example, several species have anachronistic authorities (species names older than the genus name, but no parentheses).