EDITED
Use bellow config in your odoo.conf to make it works by bypassing pgbouncer for queue_job
[options]
addons_path = /mnt/extra-addons
data_dir = /var/lib/odoo
db_host=pgbouncer
db_name = odoo
server_wide_modules = base,web,queue_job
[queue_job]
channels = root:2
jobrunner_db_host=db_host_postgres